• Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
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• 제71권6호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2018

Background: Pain on injection is a limitation with propofol use. The effect of the Valsalva maneuver on pain during propofol injection has not been studied. This maneuver reduces pain through the sinoaortic baroreceptor reflex arc and by distraction. We aimed to assess the efficacy of the Valsalva maneuver in reducing pain during propofol injection. Methods: Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists class I adult patients undergoing general anesthesia were enrolled and divided into two groups of 40 each. Group I (Valsalva) patients blew into a sphygmomanometer tube raising the mercury column up to 30 mmHg for 20 seconds, while Group II (Control) patients did not. Anesthesia was induced with 1% propofol immediately afterwards. Pain was assessed on a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS), where 0 represented no pain, and 10, the worst imaginable pain, and a 4-point withdrawal response score, where 0 represented no pain, and 3, the worst imaginable pain. Scores were presented as median (interquartile range). Results: We analyzed the data of 70 patients. The incidence of pain was significantly lower in the Valsalva than in the control group (53% vs. 78%, P = 0.029). The withdrawal response score was significantly lower in the Valsalva group (1.00 [0.00-1.00] vs. 2.00 [2.00-3.00], P < 0.001). The VAS score was significantly lower in the Valsalva group (1.00 [0.00-4.00] vs. 7.00 [6.25-8.00], P < 0.001). Conclusions: A prior Valsalva maneuver is effective in attenuating injection pain due to propofol; it is advantageous in being a non-pharmacological, safe, easy, and time-effective technique.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.565-574
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• 2021

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe form of pain that affects the daily activities of a patient. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy is an emerging option for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TENS therapy as an adjunct to drug therapy for the treatment of TN. Methods: A total of 52 patients diagnosed with TN according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (version 3) were included. Each patient was randomized to either the TENS or placebo TENS groups. Intervention was given in continuous mode and 100-Hz frequency for 20 mins biweekly for 6 weeks. Parameters were measured at baseline, TENS completion and 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year of follow up. The parameters observed were mean carbamazepine dose, mean visual analog scale (VAS) score, mean present pain intensity (PPI) score, and functional outcome. Non-parametric analyses, one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied for intragroup comparisons, while the Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test were used for intergroup comparisons of variables. The chi-square test was applied to analyze categorical data. Results: Compared to the placebo TENS group, the mean dose of carbamazepine in the TENS group was significantly reduced at TENS completion, as well as at 6 months and 1 year follow up. Changes in mean VAS score, mean PPI score, and functional outcome did not show significant differences between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: TENS therapy does not lead to any changes in pain levels but it may reduce the mean dose of carbamazepine when used as an adjunct treatment in patients with TN.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2014

Objectives: The Purpose of this study is to report the effects of Korean medical treatment on patient of peroneal neuropathy caused by sitting cross-legged. Methods: The patient diagnosed as peroneal neuropathy was treated by Acupuncture, Bee Venom therapy, Herbal medicine. To evaluate the effects of Korean treatment, we used Range of Motion(ROM) of Ankle, Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Numeric Rating Scale(NRS), Ankle-Hind-foot Scale(AHS), Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI). Results: After treatment, ROM of Ankle, VAS, NRS, AHS were improved. Temperature Difference(${\Delta}T$) was decreased on DITI. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medical treatment might be effective on sitting cross-legged patient diagnosed as Peroneal Neuropathy.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2010

Objective : The study was performed to evaluate the effect of Kinesio taping on pain of Left hip joint. Methods : A 35-year-old, female patient who suffers from pain of left hip joint by brain tumor was treated by Kinesio taping therapy. The improvement of the patient's pain of left hip joint was evaluated by Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Faces Pain Rating Scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire(MPQ), and Pain Rating Score(PRS). Result : During the 9 days with Kinesio taping, VAS and Pain Rating Scale were decreased slightly. But Faces Pain Rating Scale and McGill Pain Questionnaire showed no change. Conclusions : The result suggests that Kinesio Taping was effective treatment to pain but not intensive. Further study is needed to evaluate the significancy of this report.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.95-98
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• 2011

Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of selective median neurotomy (SMN) for spastic wrist and fingers. Methods : We studied 22 patients with wrist and finger spasticity refractory to optimal oral medication and physical therapy. The authors evaluated spasticity of the wrist and finger muscles by comparing preoperative states with postoperative states using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). We checked patients for changes in pain according to the visual analog scale (VAS) and degree of satisfaction based on the VAS. Results : The preoperative mean MAS score was $3.27{\pm}0.46$ ($mean{\pm}SD$), and mean MAS scores at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery were $1.82{\pm}0.5$, $1.73{\pm}0.7$, and $1.77{\pm}0.81$ ($mean{\pm}SD$), respectively. On the last follow-up visit, the mean MAS score measured $1.64{\pm}0.9$ ($mean{\pm}SD$). Wrist and finger spasticity was significantly decreased at 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation (p<0.01). The preoperative mean pain VAS score was $5.85{\pm}1.07$ ($mean{\pm}SD$), and the mean pain VAS score on the last follow-up visit after surgery was $2.28{\pm}1.8$ ($mean{\pm}SD$). Compared with the preoperative mean pain VAS score, postoperative mean pain VAS score was decreased significantly (p<0.01). On the basis of a VAS ranging from 0 to 100, the mean degree of patient satisfaction was $64.09{\pm}15.93$ ($mean{\pm}SD$, range 30-90). Conclusion : The authors propose SMN as a possible effective procedure in achieving useful, long-lasting tone and in gaining voluntary movements in spastic wrists and fingers with low morbidity rates.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1363-1373
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• 2014

In this study, a hybrid multi-cup electric cupping system (HMECS) was proposed, based on the ancient cupping method. HMECS consisted of several cups that could be used simultaneously to treat different areas of the patient's body. Each cup was equipped with its own pump and pressure-monitoring system. Moreover, the vacuum pressure of the cups was controlled using fuzzy logic. Through automated control of the vacuum pressure, long-term relief of muscle tightness was achieved. To develop a scientific foundation for this alternative treatment, we compared the VAS(Visual Analog Scale) and ODI(Oswestry Disability Index) scores from conventional basic cupping to the VAS and ODI scores for our proposed HMECS. The improvement rate in the VAS and ODI scores using HMECS after three treatments was higher than that achieved by basic cupping. These results, combined with the convenience offered by enhanced IT capabilities, should increase the popularity of this device among an aging society, and facilitate the opportunity to further explore the potential of Oriental medical practices.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.561-566
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• 2019

Objective : Functional outcomes have traditionally been evaluated and compared using subjective surveys, such as visual analog scores (VAS), the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and Short Form-36 (SF-36), to assess symptoms and quality of life. However, these surveys are limited by their subjective natures and inherent bias caused by differences in patient perceptions of symptoms. The Fitbit $Charge^{(R)}$ (Fitbit Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA) provides accurate and objective measures of physical activity. The use of this device in patients after laminectomy would provide objective physical measures that define ambulatory function, activity level, and degree of recovery. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify relationships between the number of steps taken by patients per day and VAS pain scores, prognoses, and postoperative functional outcomes. Methods : We prospectively investigated 22 consecutive patients that underwent laminectomy for spinal stenosis or a herniated lumbar disc between June 2015 and April 2016 by the same surgeon. When patients were admitted for surgery and first visited after surgery, preoperative and postoperative functional scores were recorded using VAS scores, ODI scores, and SF-36. The VAS scores and physical activities were recorded daily from postoperative day (POD) 1 to POD 7. The relationship between daily VAS scores and daily physical activities were investigated by simple correlation analysis and the relationship between mean number of steps taken and ODI scores after surgery was subjected to simple regression analysis. In addition, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test was used to investigate the significance of pre-to-postoperative differences in VAS, ODI, and SF-36 scores. Results : Pre-to-postoperative VAS (p<0.001), ODI (p<0.001), SF-36 mental composite scores (p=0.009), and SF-36 physical composite scores (p<0.001) scores were found to be significantly different. Numbers of steps taken from POD 1 to POD 7 were negatively correlated with daily VAS scores (r=-0.981, p<0.001). In addition, the mean number of steps from POD 3 to POD 7 and the decrease in ODI conducted one month after surgery were statistically significant (p=0.029). Conclusion : Wearable devices are not only being used increasingly by consumers as lifestyle devices, but are also progressively being used in the medical area. This is the first study to demonstrate the usefulness of a wearable device for checking patient physical activity and predicting pain and prognosis after laminectomy. Based on our experience, the wearable device used to provide measures of physical activity in the present study has the potential to provide objective information on pain severity and prognosis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.346-356
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• 2018

좌식 생활 및 신체활동의 부족에서 발생하는 과체중 및 복부비만은 요추 신전근의 약화 및 위축으로 인하여 요부통증(Low back Pain, LBP)의 위험요인으로 추정된다. 그러므로 이 연구는 LBP를 소유하고 있는 복부비만 중년남성(n=80)에게 체중감량에 효과가 있는 고강도서키트트레이닝(High Intensity Circuit Training, HICT)을 적용했을 때 신체조성의 변화가 척추만곡도(Spine Curvature, SC) 및 시각적통증척도(Visual Analog Scale, VAS)에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 한다. 운동 프로그램으로는 체간 중심의 운동을 포함한 전신의 근육을 동원할 수 있는 다관절 형태의 12가지 종목으로 구성된 HICT(1회 운동 30분, 격일제 주당 3회)를 12주간 적용하였다. 그 결과, 비만관련 신체조성에서 긍정적인 변화가 관찰되었으며, 흉추후만도(Kypotic Angle, KA) 및 요추전만도(Lordotic Angle, LA)가 정상치에 가깝게 이동하였다. 이것은 궁극적으로 요부통증의 척도인 VAS의 지표가 낮아지는 결과를 보여 주었다. 결국, 복부비만에 의한 비정상적인 흉추후만도, 요추전만도 및 요부통증의 개선은 본 연구에서 적용된 고강도의 운동트레이닝에 의한 신체조성의 변화가 척추만곡도와 요부통증의 개선을 유도하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2010

This study was performed to report the effect of oriental medical treatments on the 4 patients with calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. The 4 patients were treated by cupping, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture on tender points of the greater tuberosity of humerus. The state of patients was measured by visual analog scale(VAS) and shoulder range of motion(ROM). After mean 3.25 times of treatments, the significant recovery of shoulder ROM was measured and the significant pain relief was seen as the average of VAS changed from 8.5 to 1. These results suggest that oriental medical treatments including cupping, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture are effective to improve the calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. However more rigorous study should be followed.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study IS to evaluate the effect of burning acupuncture therapy on the sacroihac Joint syndrome. Methods : This study was carried out on the 1 patient with sacroihac Joint syndrome Subject was treated by acupuncture, negative, burning acupuncture therapy Lumbar ROM and Visual Analog Scale(VAS) were evaluated before and during treatment. Results and Conclusions : VAS was improved 10 to 2 and lumbar Rom was improved In the study, burning acupuncture therapy was effective 10 sacroihac joint syndrome.