• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.409-417
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• 2006

Polymer nanofibers can be generated by a electrospinning process. The process involves electrically charged jet of polymer solutions evolving from a droplet. The jet stretches in vertical direction due to the difference between charged particle and constant current located at the collector, while the Coulomb and viscoelastic forces start to contribute to radial and azimuthal (torsional) stretching. In this paper, the unstable dynamics of the liquid polymer jet is examined experimentally and theoretically. A complex viscoelastic rheological model has been adopted to analyze the behavior of a charged liquid jet. The model includes complex phenomena of stress relaxation of the liquid jet resulting from the competing force components. The experimental data of the jet paths captured by high-speed videocamera also confirm the similar behavior with the predictions.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2006

A modified Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) numerical method is used to predict the dynamics of a liquid drop of a low viscosity dilute polymer solution, forming in air from a circular nozzle. Viscoelastic effects are rep-resented using an Oldroyd-B model. Predicted drop shapes are compared with experimental observations. The main features, including the timing of the shape evolution and the 'bead-on-a-string' effect, are well reproduced by the simulations. The results confirm published conclusions of the third author, that the deformation is effectively Newtonian until near the time of Newtonian pinch-off and that the elastic stress becomes large in the pinch region due to the higher extensional flow there.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.269-273
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• 1999

Immiscible polymer blends containing a liquid crystalline polymer dispersed phase can be described by existing blend theories when the dispersed-phase droplets are large relative to the orientation correlation length ("domain size") of the LCP. There does not appear to be an interfacial contribution to the linear viscoelastic properties of the blend from droplets smaller than the correlation length. Polyester blends, where interfacial interactions occur between the LCP and the matrix, exhibit a reduction in viscosity to below the viscosity of either component at low shear rates, where the droplet morphology is spherical. These anomalies cannot be explained in the context of existing theory.ng theory.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2008

Multiple particle tracking microrheology is used to characterize the viscoelastic properties of biomaterial and synthetic polymer gels near the liquid-solid transition. Probe particles are dispersed in the gel precursors, and their dynamics are measured as a function of the extent of reaction during gel formation. We interpret the dynamics using the generalized Stokes-Einstein relationship (GSER), using a form of the GSER that emphasizes the relationship between the probe particle mean-squared displacement and the material creep compliance. We show that long-standing concepts in gel bulk rheology are applicable to microrheological data, including time-cure superposition to identify the gel point and critical scaling exponents, and the power-law behavior of incipient network's viscoelastic response. These experiments provide valuable insight into the rheology, structure, and kinetics of gelling materials, and are especially powerful for studying the weak incipient networks of dilute gelators, as well as scarce materials, due to the small sample size requirements and rapid data acquisition.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.89-114
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• 1996

Liquid crystal-polymer composite(LCPC) films consisting of a continuous LC phase embedded in a three-dimensional network of polymer matrix are formed by photopolymerization-induced phase separ on. The LCPC films are switched from a light-scattering stats to a highly transparent stats on the application of electric fields. Since the alignment of LC molecular determines the electro-optical properties of films, the requirement for good contrast is to generate the nematic phase at high concentration. On the other hand, the concentration of UV-curable monomer must be increased above some critical value to from the flexible matrix of unbounded polymer. The mixing ratio of LC and UV-curable monomer affects the electro-optical and viscoelastic properties of LCPD films in two opposing ways. By controlling the phase separation process, at an LC fraction of 0.7, the maximum performance of LCPC films has been achieved, the response time of which is 2ms on the application of electric fields.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2019

Emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber silica wet masterbatch (ESBR silica WMB) technology was studied to develop highly filled and highly dispersed silica compounds, involving the preparation of a composite by co-coagulating the modified silica and the rubber latex in a liquid phase. Previous studies have shown that when manufacturing ESBR silica WMB/Butadiene silica dry masterbatch (BR silica DMB) blend compounds, preparing BR silica dry masterbatch and mixing it with ESBR silica WMB gave excellent results. However, WMB still has the problem of lower crosslink density due to residual surfactants. Therefore, in this study, tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TBzTD) was added instead of diphenyl guanidine (DPG) in the ESBR silica WMB/BR silica DMB blend compounds and sulfur/CBS contents were increased to evaluate their cure characteristics, crosslink densities, mechanical properties, and dynamic viscoelastic properties. TBzTD was found to be more effective in increasing the crosslink density and to produce superior properties compared to DPG. In addition, with increasing sulfur/CBS contents, mechanical properties and rolling resistance were enhanced due to high crosslink density, but the abrasion resistance was not significantly changed because of the toughness.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.101-113
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• 1996

In general, printing inks are mainly composed of pigments and vehicles. Its characteristics are affected, to a greater or lesser extent, by the size and distribution of the pigment particles in the dispersion. Color strength, transparency and gloss generally increases with an decrease in particle size of pigments. On the contrary, opacity, lightfastness tend to increases with an increase in particle size of pigments In this work, we have investigated an effect of surface area of pigments on the physical properties of printing of printing ink which made up vehicles for sheet fed and organic pigment Lake Red C(C.I.Pigment Red 53:1) that different surface area and particle size. It was found that gloss, tack and yield value increases with an increase in surface are of pigments, but grindness is reduced.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.1863-1868
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• 2008

In an electrospinning process, nanofibers are produced from a droplet of a viscoelastic polymer solution subjected to strong electric field. To date, intrinsic bending instability of the electrical jets has resulted in random piles of nanofibers on a grounded collector plate. Here we report a novel electrospinning process where a hollow micropillar is constructed by the coiling of nanofibers on a sharp grounded collector. We show that the hollow microstructure formation can be explained by the viscous fluid rope coiling theory. The current process can be employed for the fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds for cell culturing and the three-dimensional nanoprinting.

• 폴리머
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.589-598
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• 2000

불포화 폴리에스테르(unsaturated polyester : UPE) 수지를 다가알콜 (propylene glycol : PG, neopentyl glycol : NPG)의 각 몰비를 조정하여 포화 이염기산(isophthalic acid : IPA)과 불포화 이영기산 (maleic anhydride : MA)의 혼합물로 축합반응으로 제조하였다. 고체의 표면특성을 결정짓는 임계표면장력(${\gamma}_{c}$)을 Zisman plot으로 평가하였고, 또한 수지의 구조와 물성과의 관게를 레올로지 측정으로 조사하였다. 고체 glass에 의한 (${\gamma}_{c}$)은 UPE 수지 액체들에 대해서 30.5mN${\cdot}m^{-1}$를 얻었고, PG/NPG 몰비중 NPG 함량이 증가할수록 UPE 수지 용액의 접촉각과 표면장력이 감소됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 글리콜 몰비가 다른 UPE 수지의 동적 점탄성을 측정하면 정상류 점도의 전단속도 의존성, 동적 탄성율의 각 주파수 의존성에 의해 순수한 PG보다는 NPG의 함량이 증가할수록 낮은 값을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2009

Rheological behavior of natural hydrogel produced from seeds of three Salvia spp. (S. miltiorrhiza (SM), S. sclarea (SS), S. viridis (SV)) was investigated by using a Rheometer equipped with a cone and plate geometry measuring system under never-dried condition. Different chemical contents of such hydrogels give significant effects on their rheological properties. Because of incomplete penetration of water inside the hydrogels after drying before-dried hydrogels were used for rheological analysis. To know molecular interactions which predominated in the gel formation, some constituents were externally added to the 1.0% (w/w) hydrogel. Addition of urea to disrupt hydrogen bonds reduced 3.4-67% viscosity of the untreated hydrogels and changed viscoelastic properties from gel to liquid-like behavior. Neutral salts added to the hydrogel solution at 0.1 M also lowered the viscosity in a manner related with increase in size of cations and temperature. Changing from gel state to liquid-like state was also easily confirmed by oscillation measurement (storage, G', and loss, G", modulii) typically observed in the cases of potassium sulfate and potassium thiocyanate. Influence of pH variation on the viscosity explained that weak alkaline condition (pH 8-9) creates a higher resistance to flow due to increasingly electrostatic repulsions between negative charges ($COO^-$) Importance of calcium bridges was also demonstrated by recovery of viscosity of the hydrogels by addition of calcium after acidification. The summarized results indicate that electrostatic repulsion is a major contributor for production of hydrogel structure.