• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.745-750
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• 2010

Since the implementation of the LMO Law in Korea, the importance of the design qualification of BSL3 lab. is emphasizing. In this study, multizone simulation for three kind of biohazard scenarios using CONTAM is performed for design qualification of BSL3 lab. Also, in the case of unexpected spread of contaminants such as Influenza A virus(H1N1) in BL3 zone, the design qualification is carried out for diffusion and decontamination of contaminants according to differential pressure of BSL3 anteroom and door area of BSL3 lab. Also, in this study, appropriateness of laboratory room differential pressure and air flow rate to maintain pressure difference between laboratory rooms, and energy consumption due to air change rate variation according to door area in BL3 lab. Simulation results show that these approach methods are used as a tool for the design and verification of BL3 lab.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.125-136
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• 2013

In this paper, we proposed SSL VPN-based network access control technology which can verify user authentication and integrity of user terminal. Using this technology, user can carry out a safety test to check security services such as security patch and virus vaccine for user authentication and user terminal, during the VPN-based access to an internal network. Moreover, this system protects a system from external security threats, by detecting malicious codes, based on behavioral patterns from user terminal's window API information, and comparing the similarity of sequential patterns to improve the reliability of detection.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.108-112
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• 2019

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, progressive, and fatal central nervous system disorder resulting from persistent measles virus infection. Long-term data are scarce, with a maximum follow-up period of 10 years. Interferon-alpha ($IFN-{\alpha}$) is a protein that exerts its antiviral activity via enhancement of cellular immune response and is reported to be an effective drug for the treatment of SSPE. However, there is currently no consensus regarding the optimal duration of $IFN-{\alpha}$ therapy. Here, we present a case report of a patient with SSPE treated with long-term intraventricular $IFN-{\alpha}$ therapy, which facilitated clinical improvement and neurological stabilization without causing serious adverse effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the longest follow-up studies investigating a patient with SSPE receiving intraventricular $IFN-{\alpha}$ treatment. Further studies are necessary to validate the benefits and safety of long-term intraventricular $IFN-{\alpha}$ treatment in patients with SSPE.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.302-309
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• 2020

Human Coxsackievirus B5 (HuCoxV-B5) infection has been associated with various diseases such as myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, hand-foot-and mouth-disease, and insulin-dependent diabetes. HuCoxV-B5 is a virus transmitted through the fecal-oral route and is detected in clinics, aquatic environments, food, shellfish, etc. and is one of the more important viruses in public health because of its incidence rate reported worldwide. In this study, a combination of SYBR Green-based real-time PCR primers for molecular diagnosis including monitoring of HuCoxV-B5 was selected and the optimal reaction conditions were established. Compared with the previously reported TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR method, assessments including a sample applicability test were performed. Results showed that the real-time PCR method developed in this study was suitable for a molecular diagnostic technique for detecting HuCoxV-B5. This study is expected to contribute to efforts in responding to safety accidents in public health because the proposed method facilitates rapid diagnosis of clinical patients. It can also be used as a specific monitoring tool of HuCoxV-B5 in non-clinical areas such as aquatic environments among others.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 2010

Purpose : Although oseltamivir is widely used for treatment of influenza, few clinical studies of its efficacy and resistance have been performed in Korea. We evaluated the safety, side effects, and efficacy of oseltamivir treatment in Korean pediatric patients. Methods : We analyzed 321 children diagnosed with influenza at Busan St. Mary's Medical Center, Korea, between January 2008 and June 2008 (first study period) and November 2008 and January 2009 (second study period). Patients were divided into two groups: those receiving oseltamivir treatment for 5 days and those receiving only symptomatic treatment. We investigated clinical symptoms, side effects, and resistance to oseltamivir. We also identified influenza strains and evaluated resistance to oseltamivir using an influenza virus culture. Results : One hundred eighty-six patients were assigned to the treatment group, and 135 were assigned to the control group. The treatment group showed shorter admission duration (4.4 days) compared with controls (5.0 days) (P =0.000) and had fewer lower respiratory tract complications compared with controls (P <0.05). No significant statistical difference in the virus antigenic type was observed between the groups. In the first study period, virus culture showed influenza B (41.7% vs. 49.6%), A/H3N2 (7.9% vs. 8.4%), and A/H1N1 (9.4% vs. 6.5%). In the second study period, only A/H1N1 (55.3% vs. 50.0%) was isolated, except for one case of A (H3N2) in the treatment group. No differences in short- and long-term side effects, including neuropsychologic side effects, were noted between groups. There was no resistance to oseltamivir before or after treatment in the first study period. Conclusion : Based on our results, we suggest that osetalmivir therapy in pediatric patients is effective.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.150-158
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• 2015

This article reports the development of an effective test procedure for detection of norovirus (NoV) in foods of diverse matrices. In this study, target foods included fermented milk, soybean paste, powders made from uncooked grains and vegetables, sesame leaves preserved in soy sauce, pickled mooli, and mooli. Viral recovery varied depending on the food matrices or elution buffers tested. Buffers were compared to determine effective elution buffers from artificially virus-contaminated foods. The conventional test procedure for concentrating viruses from food (elution-polyethylene glycol(PEG) precipitation-chloroform-PEG precipitation) was modified to save time by eliminating one PEG precipitation step. The modified procedure (elution-chloroform-PEG precipitation) was able to concentrate viruses more effectively than the conventional procedure. It also removed RT-PCR inhibitors effectively. The modified procedure was applied to target food for genogroup II NoV detection. NoV RNA was detected at the initial inoculum levels 3.125-12.5 RT-PCR units per 10-25 g tested food. The use of this newly established procedure should facilitate detection of low levels of norovirus in diverse foods.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.233-241
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• 2020

Several hard tick species in Ixodidae are medically important pests that transmit infectious disease including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). In Korea, the number of SFTS patients continues to steadily increase since its first report in 2013, and Gyeongsangbuk-do (province) is the second most frequent area of SFTS patient occurrence. In order to investigate the distribution of ticks in Sangju city, we collected ticks using the flagging method from 26 sites comprising urban green area, vulnerable area of management, and rural area, and examined SFTS virus from the collected ticks in 2019. Based on Collection Index (CI = tick number / 1 h / 2 people), CI 143 ticks, including Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis flava, and Ixodes nipponensis, were collected; the most abundant species among the three tick species was H. longicornis (CI 138, 96.5%). Ninety two percent (CI 131) of ticks were collected in vulnerable area of management, where people cannot easily enter and are not managed by city hall, whereas only 8.4% (CI 12) were collected in the urban green area and rural area. Regarding SFTS virus detection, virus was not investigated from 26 pools containing CI 143 ticks. The results of this study are expected to be used as a recommendation for ensuring the safety of local residents from tick-borne diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.919-928
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• 2022

As seen in the COVID-19 pandemic, unexpected emergence of new viruses presents serious concern on public health. Especially, the absence of effective vaccines or antiviral drugs against emerging viruses significantly increases the severity of disease and duration of viral circulation among population. Natural products have served as a major source for safe and effective antiviral drugs. In this study, we examined the virucidal activity of medical herb extracts with a view to discover novel antiviral agents with desired levels of safety and antiviral efficacy. Ethanol extracts of ten selected medical herbs were tested for antioxidant activity and in-vitro cytotoxicity in various animal cell lines. Of note, the herbal extracts showed broad and potent virucidal activities against rotavirus, hepatitis A virus, and influenza A virus. The extracts of Sorbus commixta and Glycyrrhiza uralensis showed strong virucidal activities against influenza A virus. We also examined whether the extracts of Sorbus commixta and Glycyrrhiza uralensis can be used as inactivating agents to prepare an inactivated viral vaccine. In a mouse model, influenza A virus inactivated by the extracts elicited high levels of neutralizing antibodies, and the vaccination provided complete protection against lethal challenge. These results suggest that herb-derived natural products can be developed to antiviral drugs as well as inactivating agents for preparation of inactivated viral vaccines.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2007

The most rapid Real-time PCR based detection method for Avian influenza A virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 was developed. The target DNA sequence in this study was deduced from H5N1 subtype-specific 387 bp partial gene of hemagglutinin, and was synthesized by using PCR-based gene synthesis on the ground of safety. Real-Time PCR was performed by $GenSpector^{TM}$ using microchip-based, total $1{\mu}l$ of reaction mixture with extremely short time in each steps in PCR. The detection including PCR-amplication and analysis of melting temperature was totally completed within 13 min. The H5N1-specific 189 bp PCR product was correctly amplified until 2.4 molecules of hemagglutinin gene as minimum of templates. This kind of PCR was designated as Quick Real-Time PCR in this study and it could be applied to detect not only AIV H5N1, but also other pathogens using PCR-based detection.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: The tobacco whitefly(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) and western flower thrips(Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) seriously damaged to several greenhouse crops and transmitted plant viruses such as the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus(TYLCV) and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus(TSWV). Objective of this study was to elucidate exclusion effects of insect screen nets by various hole sizes and colors for control of the two insect pests in controlled environments such as a closed plant production system.METHODS AND RESULTS: The exclusion effects to various hole sizes of three other colors with 30 individuals of two insect pests was evaluated. B. tabaci was not showed not difference to different colors and sizes. F. occidentalis showed that 0.2 mm black screen was the most effective exclusion than other colors of 0.6 and 0.8 mm.CONCLUSION: The two insects were different reponses to various hole sizes of white and other color screen nets. It was proved that the 0.4 mm white screen net used in this experimental condition was suitable for exclusion of B. tabaci and 0.2 mm black forF. occidentalis.