• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2010

Bacteroiospermia is a frequently finding in fresh raw and extended porcine semen and can results in detrimental effects on semen quality and longevity. This study aims to evaluate the type of bacterial contaminants in raw and extended porcine semen and the reducing effect of antibiotic test. To investigate bacterial contaminants, out of 387 sample (raw semen 201, extended semen 186) were collected from 6 artifical insemination centers in Gyeongsangnam-do, were inoculated onto blood agar and MacKonkey agar, respectively. Bacterial colonies were selected after culturing for 48 hours, at $37^{\circ}C$, followed by Gram staining, KOH test, oxidase test, catalase test and eventually identified using VITEK System. Total 15 genus and 24 species of bacteria were isolated from these semen samlpes. In raw semen, the most prevalent contaminants were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus auricularis, Delftia acidovorans, Acinetobacter lowffii, S. aureus and others. And in extended porcine semen, A. lowffii, S. aureus, S. auricularis and other bacteria were identified. Most of them was G(-), which is nonpathogenic bacteria. It seems that bacterial contaminants in fresh raw and extended porcine semen originated from multiple sources at the farms/stud, and were from animal origin and non-animal origins. Whereas, the 7 virus which is known to be detected in porcine semen in 75 cases was not detected. This results showed that removal of bacterial contamination in raw and extended porcine semen is essential and farms were kept for biosecurity and individual hygienes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4367-4372
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• 2014

We here document discovery of expression profile of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and changes in the course of disease. The study population was composed of 75 outpatient HBV cases and 15 healthy control cases. Peripheral blood samples were collected for separation of mononuclear cells. Levels of MDSCs labeled with Lin-DR-CD11b+CD33+ obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), were revealed to have significant differences between the CHB and other groups. They were 0.414% for health control cases and 0.226% for CHB cases (Z=-2.356, p=0.0189). It also observed that the group of HBeAg positive cases had significant difference in MDSCs/PBMC median ($X^2=11.877$, p=0.003), compared with group of HBeAg negative cases and the healthy control group. It suggested considerable MDSCs might be involved in HBeAg immune tolerance. In addition, negative correlations between MDSCs/PBMC and parameters of ALT, AST and TBil, while positive correlation between MDSCs/PBMC and ALB parameter were found. Multiple comparisons between the four phases and health control phase again, there was a statistically sifnificant difference ($X^2=17.198$, p=0.002). Taken together, these findings may provide a new immunotherapy strategy for reduced the expression levels of MDSCs in CHB patients, through induction of an autoimmune response to virus removal.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2016

The efficacy of depuration following growing area translocation for the defecation of norovirus was evaluated under experimental conditions using oysters Crassostrea gigas previously subjected to bioaccumulation of this virus at a waste treatment plant discharge site. Three trials were assayed in an open experimental system with a commercial oyster farm located in a shellfish growing area approved by the Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantify viruses in the digestive glands of oysters. The final viral loads in oysters after 12 days remained under the detection limit (10 copies/g digestive gland) of the real-time RT-PCR. This reduction trend showed two-phase removal kinetics, with an initial slow reduction or slight increase in viruses during the first 2 days of depuration and subsequent stabilization with 0.12 to 2.64 log unit norovirus copies/g digestive gland per 2 days of depuration for the remaining time.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2018

A 6-year-old boy with underlying hemolytic anemia of unknown etiology, atopic dermatitis, and recurrent urticaria visited our hospital because of acute respiratory failure induced by influenza A. Despite mechanical ventilation after endotracheal intubation along with inhalation of nitric oxide, respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia persisted. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) insertion was performed to provide respiratory support. After performing flexible bronchoscopy, we found that thick mucus plugs were obstructing the right bronchus intermedius and the upper lobe orifice. After bronchial washing and removal of the plugs, we were able to wean the patient off VV ECMO and transfer him to the general ward. He was discharged without any neurologic or pulmonary sequelae.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1732-1740
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• 2021

Tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) is a useful tool for removing fusion tags, but wild-type TEVp is less stable under oxidized redox state. In this work, we introduced and combined C19S, C110S and C130S into TEVp variants containing T17S, L56V, N68D, I77V and S135G to improve protein solubility, and S219V to inhibit self-proteolysis. The solubility and cleavage activity of the constructed variants in Escherichia coli strains including BL21(DE3), BL21(DE3)pLys, Rossetta(DE3) and Origami(DE3) under the same induction conditions were analyzed and compared. The desirable soluble amounts, activity, and oxidative stability were identified to be reluctantly favored in the TEVp. Unlike C19S, C110S and C130S hardly impacted on decreasing protein solubility in the BL21(DE3), but they contributed to improved tolerance to the oxidative redox state in vivo and in vitro. After two fusion proteins were cleaved by purified TEVp protein containing double mutations under the oxidized redox state, the refolded disulfide-rich bovine enterokinase catalytic domain or maize peroxidase with enhanced yields were released from the regenerated amorphous cellulose via affinity absorption of the cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.685-690
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• 2021

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lipodystrophy is a known consequence of long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, a significant number of patients on HAART therapy were left with the stigmata of complications, including fat redistribution. Few studies have described the successful removal of focal areas of lipohypertrophy with successful outcomes. This manuscript reviews the outcomes of excisional lipectomy versus liposuction for HIV-associated cervicodorsal lipodystrophy. Methods We performed a 15-year retrospective review of HIV-positive patients with lipodystrophy. Patients were identified by query of secure operative logs. Data collected included demographics, medications, comorbidities, duration of HIV, surgical intervention type, pertinent laboratory values, and the amount of tissue removed. Results Nine male patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy underwent a total of 17 procedures. Of the patients who underwent liposuction initially (n=5), 60% (n=3) experienced a recurrence. There were a total of three cases of primary liposuction followed by excisional lipectomy. One hundred percent of these cases were noted to have a recurrence postoperatively, and there was one case of seroma formation. Of the subjects who underwent excisional lipectomy (n=4), there were no documented recurrences; however, one patient's postoperative course was complicated by seroma formation. Conclusions HIV-associated lipodystrophy is a disfiguring complication of HAART therapy with significant morbidity. Given the limitations of liposuction alone as the primary intervention, excisional lipectomy is recommended as the primary treatment. Liposuction may be used for better contouring and for subsequent procedures. While there is a slightly higher risk for complications, adjunctive techniques such as quilting sutures and placement of drains may be used in conjunction with excisional lipectomy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.2156-2164
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• 2017

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered as an antitumor agent owing to its ability to induce apoptosis of cancer cells without imparting toxicity toward most normal cells. TRAIL is produced in poor yield because of its insoluble expression in the cytoplasm of E. coli. In this study, we achieved soluble expression of TRAIL by fusing maltose-binding protein (MBP), b'a' domain of protein disulfide isomerase (PDIb'a'), or protein disulfide isomerase at the N-terminus of TRAIL. The TRAIL was purified using subsequent immobilized metal affinity chromatography and amylose-binding chromatography, with the tag removal using tobacco etch virus protease. Approximately 4.5 mg of pure TRAIL was produced from 125 ml flask culture with a purification yield of 71.6%. The endotoxin level of the final product was $0.4EU/{\mu}g$, as measured by the Limulus amebocyte lysate endotoxin assay. The purified TRAIL was validated and shown to cause apoptosis of HeLa cells with an $EC_{50}$ and Hill coefficient of $0.6{{\pm}}0.03nM$ and $2.41{\pm}0.15$, respectively. The high level of apoptosis in HeLa cells following administration of purified TRAIL indicates the significance and novelty of this method for producing high-grade and high-yield TRAIL.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.398-408
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• 2023

This work developed a hood and filter for antibacterial protective clothing for medical powered air purifying respirators (PAPR) that can be used in medical settings and quarantine against infectious diseases such as Zika virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The hood material of the protective clothing was made of polypropylene spunlace nonwoven fabric (SFS) was used for withstand wind pressure and external physcial pressure. Forthermore, in order to reduce the user's risk of infection, phytoncide-based materials were used on the outer-surface of the hood to achieve a 99.9% antibacterial effect, and the inner-surface were treated with hydro-philic materials to improve absorbency by 25%. In addition to evaluating the artificial blood penetration resistance, dry mi-croorganism penetration resistance, wet bacteria penetration resistance, and bacteriophage penetration resistance required for medical protective clothing hoods, it received a passing evaluation of levels 2-6. Meanwhile, as a result of evaluating the performance of the antibacterial treated spunlace high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, excellent antibacterial properties, dust removal rate, and differential pressure effect were confirmed. All performance evaluations were conducted by an accredited certification body in accordance with the medical PAPR certification standards.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.2 s.34
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• pp.195-210
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• 1991

Fatty liver is caused by derangement of fat metabolism and can be reversed by removal of contributing factors. The contributing factors of fatty liver is known to be overweight, chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, and drug abuse such as tetracycline. This study was carried out on 1335 persons who visited 'Soon Chun Hyang Human Dock Center' from March to June 1990. In analysis of the data, prevalence of fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonogram by age and sex, laboratory finding between fatty liver group and normal group, and odds ratio of known contributing factors, were compared. The results obtained are as following ; 1) The prevalence rate of fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonogram is 29.6% in male and 11.5% in female. 2) Age groups with high prevalences are $40{\sim}50's$ in male (32.0%) and 50's in female (24.5%). 3) The fatty liver shows significant association with style (p<0.05), whereas not with hepatitis B-virus surface antigen (p>0.05). 4) All laboratory values except alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin are elevated significantly in accordance with the degree of fatty liver (p<0.01). 5) Fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonogram showed so strong associations with body index, triglycerides and gamma-glutamyl transferase for males, and body index and fasting blood sugar for females that these factors may be used as supplementary data in establishing diagnosis of fatty liver. 6) Odds ratio of contributing factors are as follows ; If the odds ratio of below 29 year of age is 1.0 then that of $30{\sim}39$ is 1.74 (p=0.33), $40{\sim}49$ is 2.47 (p=0.10), $50{\sim}59$ is 2.86 (p=0.0570), over 60 is 1.81 (p=0.34). If the odds ratio of female is 1.0 then that of male is 5.67 (p<0.01). If the odds ratio of body index below zero is 1.0 then that of $0{\sim}9$ is 5.08 (p<0.01), $10{\sim}19$ is 12.37 (p<0.01), $20{\sim}29$ is 29.19 (p<0.01), 30 above is 154.02 (p<0.01). If the odds ratio of below 99 mg/dl FBS is 1.0 then that of $100{\sim}120$ is 106 (p=0.76), over 120 is 1.91 (p=0.02). If the odds ratio of below $29{\mu}/1{\gamma}-GT$ is 1.0 then that of $30{\sim}s59$ is 2.11 (p<0.01), $60{\sim}90$ is 1.87 (p<0.05), 90 above is 1.69 (p=0.15). If the odds ratio of below 149 mg/dl TG is 1.0 then $150{\sim}199$ is 1.49 (p=0.05), $200{\sim}250$ is 1.09 (P=0.77), 250 above is 2.53 (p<0.01). In summary, early diagnosis of fatty liver could be made by ultrasonogram supplemented with body index and nm triglyceride. The fatty liver could be preventive by avoiding contributing factors such as obesity, alcohol intake, high blood sugar appropriately.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2007

Sawdust biofiltration is an emerging bio-technology for control of ammonia emissions including compost odors from composting of biological wastes. Although sawdust is widely used as a medium for bulking agent in composting system and for microbial attachment in biofiltration systems, the performance of agitated bed composting and sawdust biofiltration are not well established. A pilot-scale composting of hog manure amended with sawdust and sawdust biofiltration systems for practical operation were investigated using aerated and agitated rectangular reactor with compost turner and sawdust biofilter operated under controlled conditions, each with a working capacity of approximately $40m^3\;and\;4.5m^3$ respectively. These were used to investigate the effect of compost temperature, seed germination rate and the C/N ratio of the compost on ammonia emissions, compost maturity and sawdust biofiltration performance. Temperature profiles showed that the material in three runs had been reached to temperature of 55 to $65^{\circ}C$ and above. The ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas of the sawdust biofilter media was below the maximum average value as 45 ppm. Seed germination rate levels of final compost was maintained from 70 to 93% and EC values of the finished compost varied between 2.8 and 4.8 ds/m, providing adequate conditions for plant growth.