• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.266-274
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• 2014

Parametric bodies reproduce the actual shape of human body parts and should be convenient for general users to change size to judge the visual fit of clothes on-line. In this study, three parametric bodies(i.e. I, C, D ) were compared to verify the accuracy of the provided body dimensions and reproducibility to a target model. To compare reproducibility, the 20s female standard virtual model developed for an apparel industry by Korean agency for technology and standards is used. The investigation of existing parameters showed that the numbers and kinds of parameters provided by each program were different with some errors in notation; in addition, some of virtual body dimensions went beyond the maximum allowable error. The result of changing each parametric body to the 20s female standard body showed that D, C, I in order produced better reproducibility for body dimensions. There were different levels of protrusion and concavity in the virtual cross sections and virtual longitudinal sections despite the small differences in body dimensions and cross sectional areas; in addition, some parametric body was not bilateral symmetry. The results of this study can be used as basic information in the standardization of a virtual model used in a virtual garment program.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2013

A study using 3D virtual garment simulation is carried out for the evaluation and application on the pants fit for obese women in their age of 20s and 30s. The results are as follows; 5 obese women in their 20s and 30s were selected for the testing 3D body. They showed no significant differences in all items, comparing with the data of 5th Size Korea body dimensions. The average waist circumstance of the subjects' 3D body dimensions was 87.0cm, hip circumstance was 102.4cm, BMI was $27.1kg/m^2$, and their obese body types had similar mean values. Based on the detailed design of ready made pants and the study results of 20~30s obese women preference for pants design, pants of straight silhouette and semi-tight fit which have waist line lowered, no front dart and one back dart, were manufactured with 100% black cotton and cotton spandex mixed fabrics. When comparing the appearances between real garment and virtual garment, the average of the real garment with 100% cotton was 3.70 and the virtual garment was 4.05. The average of real garment with cotton spandex mixed fabrics was 3.75 and the virtual garment was 4.06. Therefore, the average of virtual garment was highly evaluated. When comparing the results of evaluating the appearance, there was no significant difference caused by materials between real garment and virtual garment. The expression for the ease of virtual garment and real garment was also similar for good evaluation. Thus, 3D virtual garment simulation did positively prove its reliability and effect.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to create a 3D avatar from 3D human body shape data using the CLO 3D virtual clothing program and to verify the feasibility of avatar production using the virtual clothing system for verifying size and shape. The research method was to select one virtual representative model that is the closest to the mean size of each body item for each age group. Using the 3D human body scan shape of a 40-69 years old male was applied to the CLO 3D virtual wearing system. Using the CLO 3D Avatar conversion menu, we verified the feasibility of creating a 3D avatar that reproduces the human body scan shape. In the dimension comparison between the 3D avatar and the fictitious representative model, the dimension difference was noticeable in height, circumference, and length. However, as a result, the converted 3D avatar showed less than a 5% difference in most human dimensions. In addition, since the body shape and posture were reproduced similarly, the utilization of the avatar was verified.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2003

Virtual human models are widely used to save time and expense in vehicle safety studies. A human model is an essential tool to visualize and simulate a vehicle driver in virtual environments. This research is focused on creation and application of a human model fer virtual reality. The Korean anthropometric data published are selected to determine basic human model dimensions. These data are applied to GEBOD, a human body data generation program, which computes the body segment geometry, mass properties, joints locations and mechanical properties. The human model was constituted using MADYMO based on data from GEBOD. Frontal crash and bump passing test were simulated and the driver's motion data calculated were transmitted into the virtual environment. The human model was organized into scene graphs and its motion was visualized by virtual reality techniques including OpenGL Performer. The human model can be controlled by an arm master to test driver's behavior in the virtual environment.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1359-1371
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to compare two avatars made using direct and manual methods and to evaluate the fit and appearance of two virtual garments on the direct and manual avatars. In this study, two subjects were measured by $[TC]^2$ body scanner and the avatars and virtual garments were created by OptiTex software. The direct avatar was made by the direct importation of 3D body scan data and the manual avatar was made by manual input from extracted body measurement. Two virtual garments in a tank-top were evaluated by distance, transparency, and stretch maps. In the results of comparing difference of the direct and manual avatars, the bust and back of the manual avatar are protruded slightly more than that of the direct avatar and the manual avatar is slightly larger dimensions at the bust, waist, abdomen, and hip area in the side view in case of subject 1 and 2. In the results of comparing difference of the fit and appearance of two virtual garments on the direct and manual avatars, in case of subject 1 and 2, the back of the virtual garment on the manual avatar are protruded more than that of the direct avatar. Also, the ease in the bust area of the virtual garment on the manual avatar with a projected bust area was smaller than that of the virtual garment on the direct avatar and the stretch of that of the manual avatar was also high in the bust area. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic information in the apparel industry using virtual try-on technology.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.744-755
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• 2024

This study analyzes the characteristics, product dimensions, and ease of haenyeo suits to inform their reproduction. Large, medium, and small haenyeo suits were collected from four manufacturers in Jeju, and their components, cut styles, product dimensions, and ease were analyzed. In the current haenyeo suit design, the upper suit has a collar and a crotch, while the lower suit has a high rise with a gusset. Additionally, there are darts behind the neck in the upper suit and behind the knees in the lower suit. Haenyeo suits have a three-dimensional shape that accommodates the postures needed for haenyeo's underwater activities. The upper suit is finished with a cuffed hem or an uncuffed side seam with a diagonal or stepped cut. The lower suit is cut and sewn with the waist and hem at right angles or with the hem diagonal to the waistline. Haenyeo suit dimensions vary between manufacturers, and the models' body dimensions show that there is little or no ease. In conclusion, haenyeo suit manufacturers currently use the same components; however, they differ in terms of cut styles, sewing methods, dimensions, and designs.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2022

This study aims to verify the sewing technology and the expression of the virtual garment program by comparing the appearance similarity between the real and the virtual power shoulder jacket. To this end, the H and the X silhouettes of the power shoulder jacket were selected as the reference designs. After making the reference designs into real jackets by applying the human body dimensions of women in their twenties, virtual avatars and jackets were produced using CLO 3D programs. The results showed that the H-type with only expanded shoulders and less design variation had a high similarity between the reference photo and real garment, the real and virtual garment, and the reference photo and virtual garment. The power shoulder jacket of the reference picture was well reproduced in the real and virtual garments. Conversely, the X-type jacket, which is a tight fit and has many design variations, showed somewhat low similarity in the circumference items and the basic construction line. Especially in tight-fitted power shoulder jackets, the fact that shoulder angles and the essential items for pattern making cannot be reflected in reproducing virtual models was found to be a limitation in increasing the similarity of virtual clothing. Furthermore, the sewing system gap between the real and the virtual clothing exposed a difference in the appearance of virtual clothing.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2012

디지털 콘텐츠에서 HCI로 활용되는 가상 인간은 얼굴 표정과 신체자세와 같은 모달을 이용하여 다양한 감정을 표현하지만 비언어적 다중모달의 조합에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 감정을 표현하는 가상 인간을 제작하려면 계산 엔진 모델은 얼굴 표정과 신체자세와 같은 비언어적 모달의 조합이 사용자에 의해 어떻게 인식되는지를 고려해야 하기 때문에 본 연구는 가상 인간의 감정 표현 디자인에 필요한 비언어적 다중모달의 영향을 분석하여 제시한다. 먼저 가상 인간에 대한 다중모달 별 감정 인식을 평가하여 다른 모달간의 상대적 영향성을 분석하였다. 그리고 일치하는 얼굴과 자세 모달을 통해 기본 감정 및 정서가와 활성화 인식에 대한 영향을 평가하며 감정이 불일치하는 다중모달을 통해 일상생활에서 빈번하게 드러나는 중첩된 감정의 인식 정도를 관측하였다. 실험 결과, 가상 인간의 얼굴과 신체자세의 표정이 일치하면 감정 인식이 용이하며, 얼굴 표정으로 감정 카테고리를 판별하지만 감정의 활성화 차원 판단에는 자세 모달리티가 선호됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 감정을 드러내는 가상 인간의 행동 동기화 및 애니메이션 엔진 시스템 구현에 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1080-1095
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• 2023

Three-dimensional virtual fitting has become a trending practice in the fashion industry because of its productivity benefits, allowing garments to be virtually worn by avatar models without physical production. This study analyzed the variables influencing clothing pressure in both real and virtual fittings to expand the potential utility of pressure data derived from the latter. For this purpose, six sets of compression garments were created by combining two types of tricot fabrics and three types of reduced-pattern tops, with the clothing for real and virtual fittings having identical dimensions. Focus was directed to analyzing the correlation among clothing pressure, surface area deformation, and the mechanical properties of the fabrics. In real fittings, clothing pressure was influenced by multiple factors, including garment design, pattern reduction ratio, body shape, and fabric properties, consistent with existing knowledge. In virtual fittings, however, only the digital mechanical characteristics of the fabrics significantly influenced clothing pressure. The findings suggest that a more reliable implementation of clothing pressure in virtual fitting programs necessitates an approach that considers the complex structural information of garments.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to show the implications of the term "digital architecture," which are realized in the current architecture. To do this, I first observe its theoretical background and then analyze the works of Marcos Novak, Kas Oosterhuis, and Lars Spuybroek, all of whom are called the typical digital architects. In particular, this study tries to show that the digital architects are introducing the non-Euclidean multi-dimensions and the cyberspace and applying the notions of liquid architecture, transarchitecture, body-building, and body-building, and body-motorized system into their works. Finally, I conclude that the digital architecture anticipates the direction of the future architecture, in which the virtual world is merged with the real world, the digital space is realized in the real space, and the human is completely harmonized with nature.th nature.