• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2018

Objectives: The purposes of the study were to investigate hazardous pollutant emissions changes among group 1 carcinogens. The emissions characteristics were compared with national cancer registration statistics. Methods: A survey of group 1 carcinogen hazardous pollutant emissions (trichloroethylene, benzene, vinyl chloride, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, ethylene oxide, chromium and its compounds, 3,3'-dichloro-4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane, chloromethyl methyl ether, arsenic and its compounds, cadmium and its compounds, o-toluidine) was conducted through a homepage for 2001-2015. The emission of hazardous chemicals and the cancer trend analysis for 2001-2015 were performed using the Korean statistical information service through its homepage as a reference. Results: Emissions of more than 95% of the substances listed as group 1 carcinogens over the last five years were made up of trichloroethylene, benzene, vinyl chloride, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, and ethylene oxide. As a result of the comparison of emission results and cancer incidence rates, carcinogen pollutant emissions showed a tendency to decrease continuously. In addition, the incidence of cancer tended to increase, but showed a tendency to decrease from 2012. Conclusion: The results indicate hazardous pollutant emissions have continued to increase. However, no association between emissions and health effects was shown and more research is needed.

• 멤브레인
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2008

폴리비닐리덴플로라이드(PVDF) 지지체 위에 빗살모양의 술폰화된 공중합체를 코팅하여 나노 분리막을 제조하였다. 빗살모양의 공중합체는 원자전달 라디칼 중합법(ATRP)에 의해 제조하였으며, 폴리비닐클로라이드의 주사슬과 폴리스티렌 술폰산(PSSA)의 곁사슬로 구성되어 있다. 핵자기 공명법($^1H$-NMR), FT-IR분광학 그리고 WAXS 분석법에 의해 공중합체가 성공적으로 합성되었음을 확인하였다 PVC-g-PSSA로 구성된 복합 나노 분리막은 PSSA의 함량이 증가함에 따라 플럭스와 배제율 모두 증가하였다. 이러한 성능 향상은 분리막의 술폰산의 함량의 증가로써 설명할 수 있다. PSSA가 71wt%첨가된 나노 복합막의 배제율은 $Na_2SO_4$ 88%, NaCl 33%을 나타내었고, 플럭스는 $Na_2SO_4$ 26, NaCl $34L/m^2 h$을 각각 나타내었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.663-677
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• 2003

The concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air were measured at three sites (Samil-dong, SRO and EFMC) in Yeosu industrial complex during September 2000 to August 2001. Air samples were collected for 24 hours in Silicocan canister (6l) with constant flow samplers every 6 days and analyzed using a cryogenic preconcentration system and a GC/MS. At each site, we identified 35 species known as on both the carcinogenic and mutagenicity by the EPA US (TO-14 manual). No relationship was found between YOCs concentration at three sampling points. Furthermore, the result shows that there appears to be a variety distribution of the concentration. BTX, vinyl chloride and high concentrations of 1,2-dichloroethane were observed at the sampling sites. Especially, high concentration of toxic VOCs, such as vinyl chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane and benzene were shown at environmental facilities management cooperation (EMFC) site. They seem to be emitted from the facility of wastewater treatment in Yeosu industrial complex. It was difficult to tell the seasonal variation of total VOCs concentration. Nevertheless, the concentration in winter was typically higher than in summer The concentrations of toxic VOCs contents in Yeosu industrial complex were generally lower than those in Ulsan complex, although those were similar or less than in Seoul and Daegu. Whereas, toluene and styrene emitted from Yeosu industrial complex were higher than those of Edmonton industrial complex in Canada. Especially, toluene was third times higher than those observed from Texas, USA.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2008

국내 외 선행연구결과에 의한 어린이 출생 전 후 건강에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 주요 유해물질은 inorganic arsenic, BPA, 2,4-D, dichlorvos, methylmercury, PCBs, pesticide, phthalate, PFOA/PFOS, vinyl chloride 등으로서 국내에서도 이들을 포함한 확인 연구가 수행되어져야 할 것이다. 또한 어린이들의 행동발달과 연관된 생활환경에서의 다양한 인체노출이 확인됨에 따라 탁아소, 유치원과 같은 경우 어린이 활동공간을 대상으로 환경모니터링 및 위해관리활동도 병행되어야 할 것이다. 또한 어린이 건강에 영향을 미치는 유해물질을 중심으로 독성평가, 인체영향연구, 환경 및 인체모니터링과 위해평가를 수행하므로 유해물질의 원인-상관관계를 확인하고 사실자료에 근거한 관리정책을 반영하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 1998

분체 형태의 소수성 고분자 polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA), poly vinyl chloride(PVC)와 친수성 금속 aluminium에 대한 water, glycerol, formamide, diiodomethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane, 1-bromonaphthalene, acetone, chloroform, benzene, ethanol과 methanol과의 접촉각을 Washburn식을 기본으로 한 wicking법으로 측정하였다. 또한, 농도에 따른 음이온 계면활성제 SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate)와 양이온 계면활성제 CTAB(cetyl trimethylamonium bromide) 수용액과의 접촉각을 측정하였다. 유기액체들과의 측정된 접촉각으로부터 Zisman plot을 사용하여 임계표면장력, ${\gamma}_c$를 예측하였으며, 농도에 따른 계면활성제 SDS와 CTAB수용액과의 접촉각으로부터 adhesion tension plot을 사용하여 ${\gamma}_c$를 예측하였다. 유기액체, 계면활성제 SDS와 CTAB수용액에 대해서 분체 PMMA의 ${\gamma}_c$는 각각 43.5, 28.3과 $36.2mNm^{-1}$이며, 분체 PVC의 ${\gamma}_c$는 각각 44.2, 28.0과 $34.8mNm^{-1}$값을 얻었다. 이로부터, 고체 표면의 적심성과 성질이 계면활성제의 첨가에 의해 변화됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 측정된 접촉각으로부터 조화평균식을 사용하여 각 고체의 표면자유에너지. ${\gamma}_s$와 그 성분 값들을 결정하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.366-372
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• 2003

The production of microbiologically enriched cultures that degrade cis- 1,2-dichloroethylene(DCE) under anaerobic conditions was investigated. Among 80 environmental samples, 19 displayed significant degradation of $10{\mu}M$ cis-DCE during 1 month of anaerobic incubation, and one sediment sample collected at a landfill area (Nanji-do, Seoul, Korea) showed the greatest degradation ($94\%$). When this sediment culture was subcultured repeatedly, the ability to degrade cis-DCE gradually decreased. However, under Fe(III)-reducing conditions, cis-DCE degradation by the subculture was found to be maintained effectively. In the Fe(III)-reducing subculture, vinyl chloride (VC) was also degraded at the same extent as cis-DCE No accumulation of VC during the cis-DCE degradation was observed. Thus, Fe(III)-reducing microbes might be involved in the anaerobic degradation of the chlorinated ethenes. However, the subcultures established with Fe(III) could function even in the absence of Fe(III), showing that the degradation of cis-DCE and VC was not directly coupled with the Fe(III) reduction. Consequently, the two series of enrichment cultures could not be obtained that degrade both cis-DCE and VC in the presence or absence of Fe(III). Considering the lack of VC accumulation, both cultures reported herein may involve interesting mechanism(s) for the microbial remediation of environments contaminated with chlorinated ethenes. A number of fermentative reducers (microbes) which are known to reduce Fe(III) during their anaerobic growth are potential candidates involved in cir-DCE degradation in the presence and absence of Fe(III).

• 멤브레인
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.169-172
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• 2010

Poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PVC-g-PSSA) 가지형 공중합체를 합성한 후, 이를 이용하여 $80^{\circ}C$에서 열적으로 환원하여 은 나노입자를 제조하였다. 반응 시간을 바꿈에 따라 다양한 구조의 은 나노입자를 제조하는데 성공하였다. 1시간 정도의 짧은 반응 시간에서는 가지형 공중합체의 미세 상분리 구조를 크게 변화시키지 않고 5 nm 크기의 작은 은 나노입자가 생성되었다. 5시간 정도의 중간 반응 시간에서는 30 내지 50 nm 정도의 크기를 갖는 은 나노입자가 생성되었다. 18시간 정도의 긴 반응 시간에서는, 은입자가 뭉친 허리케인 모양의 은 집합체가 관찰되었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.248-257
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 배출량산정모델과 다중매질모델을 활용하여 환경오염물질의 노출도를 예측하였으며 위해도를 평가하였다. 연구대상 화학물질로써 8종(아세트알데히드(acetaldehyde), 아크릴로니트릴(acrylonitrile), 아닐린(aniline), 벤젠(benzene), 사염화탄소(carbon tetrachloride), 디클로로메탄(dichloromethane), 포름알데히드(formaldehyde), 염화비닐(vinyl chloride))의 물질을 선택하였으며, 대상지역은 공단지역을 포함하는 도심 지역을 선택하였다. 배출량은 지리지형정보를 활용하여 점배출원과 비점배출원을 동시에 고려하여 산정하였으며, 다중매질모델은 지역적 특성을 반영할 수 있는 모델을 선택하였다. 유해성 자료는 미국 환경청의 IRIS(Integrated Risk Information System) 유해성 데이터베이스를 활용하였다. 모델링 자료와 유해성 자료를 이용하여 위해성을 평가한 결과, 물질별로 위해도가 높은 지역을 발견할 수 있었으며 우선적으로 관리해야 할 물질을 선별할 수 있었다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2005

Perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene, PCE), a dry cleaning and degreasing solvent, can enter ground-water through accidental leak or spills. PCE can be degraded to trichloroethylene (TCE), 1, 1-dichloroethylene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) as potential bio-product. These compounds have been reported that they can cause clinical diseases and cytotoxicity. However, only a little genotoxic information of these compounds has been known. In this study, we investigated DNA single strand breaks of PCE, TCE, DCE and VC by single cell gel electrophoresis assay, (comet assay) which is a sensitive, reliable and rapid method for DNA single strand breaks with mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells. From these results, $37.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of PCE, $189\;{\mu}g/ml$ of TCE and $56.4\;{\mu}g/ml$ of DCE were revealed significant DNA damages in the absence of S-9 metabolic activation system meaning direct-acting mutagen. And in the presence of S-9 metabolic activation system, $41.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of PCE, $328.7\;{\mu}g/ml$ of TCE and $949\;{\mu}g/ml$ of DCE were induced significant DNA damage. In the case of VC, it was revealed a significant DNA damage in the presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. Therefore, we suggest that chloroethylene compounds (PCE, TCE, DCE and VC) may be induced the DNA damage in a mammalian cell.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.436-443
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• 2007

Anaerobic reductive dehalogenation of perchloroethene (PCE) was studied with lactate as the electron donor in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) inoculated with a mixed culture previously shown to dehalogenate vinyl chloride (VC). cis-1,2- dichloroethene (cDCE) was the dominant intermediate at relatively long cell retention times (>56 days) and the electron acceptor to electron donor molar ratio (PCE:lactate) of 1:2. cDCE was transformed to VC completely at the PCE to lactate molar ratio of 1:4, and the final products of PCE dehalogenation were VC (80%) and ethene (20%). VC dehalogenation was inhibited by cDCE dehalogenation. Propionate produced from the fermentation of lactate might be used as electron donor for the dehalogenation. Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of increased hydrogen, VC, and trichloroethene (TCE) on VC dehalogenation which is the rate-limiting step in PCE dehalogenation The addition of TCE increased the VC dehalogenaiton rate more than an increase in the $H_2$ concentration, which suggests that the introduction of TCE induces the production of an enzyme that can comtabolize VC.