• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.486-494
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• 2021

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) is sensitive to low temperature and shows retarded growth under 10℃. Although early transplanting guarantees higher returns, it requires cost and labor to maintain the appropriate temperature for plant growth. Therefore, cultivars tolerant to chilling stress is necessary to reduce the cost and labor requirements. The purpose of this study is to analyze data on plant growth and fruit enlargement under continuous chilling night temperature to develop new cultivars tolerant to chilling temperature. Two cultivars expected to have chilling tolerance and another cultivar sensitive to chilling temperature were grown in greenhouses with chilling and optimal night temperature conditions. In the early growth stage after transplanting, the cultivars expected to have chilling tolerance showed better vine length, fresh weight and dry weight. However, one of the tolerant cultivars showed significantly lower vine length, leaf length and width, and petiole length than the sensitive cultivar during pollination period and later growth stage, showing genotype specific responses. The fruit length, width, and weight were also significantly lower in the tolerant cultivar. The fruit set ratio was significantly higher in the chilling sensitive cultivar than the two tolerant cultivars. These results suggest that the present chilling tolerant cultivars in watermelon were selected based on their performance in the early growth stage, and further studies on chilling tolerance in different growth and development stages are required to develop cultivars adapted to various forcing cultivation systems.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.209-215
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of row width and hill space on growth and yield in cynanchum wilfordii on experimental fields of chungbuk Provincial Rural Development Administration. Emergence date was May 25 and had no differences between planting density. Vine length was 219cm with row 40cm, 220cm, with 50cm and 225cm with 60cm, and in hill spaces, it was 225cm with hill space 10cm, 219cm with 15cm, and 218cm with 20cm. No. of leaves was same tendencies to vine length and was more increased as the hill space was narrower. Root length was longer about 0.9cm to 1.4cm as the hill space was wider, and no. of root had no difference between planting tensity. Yield was more increased row width was wider and was decreased hill space was wider. And the profitalble planting density was row width 50cm and hill space 10cm in the cultivation cynanchum wilfordii.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 1996

Effects of varieties and cutting lengths of Chinense Martrimony Vine on the growth characteristics and the yield of green shoot were investigated in order to obtain the basic data The Yuseong-2 was observed higher in the number of green shoot per plant, of green shoot, but smaller in the length and the width of leaves than those of Cheongyang native. The number of green shoot was decreased in longer cutting length, but the other growth characteristics were increased. The dry weight of green shoot was $1.01{\sim}0.03g$ and the ratio of stem to leaf in green shoot was higher in leaf than that of stem, and the ratio was 46 : 54. The dry yield of green shoot was $108{\sim}204kg/10a$ in Cheongyang native and $215{\sim}363kg/10a$ Yuseong-2 and the dry yield of green shoot of Yuseong-2 may be expected in this planting year. Each growth characteristic of varieties was highly positive correlation with the yield except the number of green shoot of Cheongyang native. The number of green shoot of Yuseong-2 was nagative correlation with each growth characteristic and the yield except the number of total leaves per plant.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.362-372
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• 2000

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information on the production of high yield and qualitied yam in Andong, major yam-producing district, in Kyongbuk province, using three major Yam cultivars, such as Danma, Jangma and Alata (round type). Alata showed the longest tuber width while Jangma showed the longest tube length. Danma showed the highest tube yield at 2,123 kg/10a. Tubes of Alata had higher dry ratio than those of other cultivars, suggesting that Alata could be used as good processing materials. Characteristics of top parts, such as vine length, leaf number, and lateral vine number showed typical sigmoid curves. Tuber characteristics such as length, width and fresh weight of tuber were linearly increased as the growth period was progressed. Relative growth rate (RGR) for new tuber and stem reached the highest value at 86 DAT (days after transplanting). There were similar tendencies among the cultivars in net assimilation rate (NAR). The highest crop growth rate (CGR) was appeared at 156 DAT regardless of cultivars. In the changes of leaf area ratio (LAR), there were significant differences among three cultivars. LAR were decreased at 86, 106 and 136 DAT for Alata, Danma and Jangma, respectively. However, specific leaf weight (SLW) was greatly increased at 176 DAT, and leaf area index (LAI) was decreased at 156 DAT in all cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.152-156
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• 2007

The Condonopsis lanceolata Trautv. was planted in field to investigate the effect of afterwards shading in the condition of sun light of fifty six percent on the characteristics of photosynthesis according to leaf position at flowering stage. The vine length and leaf area were increased with shading treatment in comparison with that of non-shading. Dry weight of leaf and vine indicate opposite tendency with the result above. SLA (specific leaf area) was much more increased in shaded leaves than that obtained from non-shading treatment. The shaded leaves of plant show a higher SPAD value than that of non-shaded leaves. The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were increased as the PAR was increased. And it is the maximum valve (PAR of 700-1000 ${\mu}$mol/m$^2$/s of PAR) of all leaves. Overnurse and light saturation point of the Condonopsis lanceolata Trautv. shading-treated was improved in comparison with control as net photosynthetic rates of leaves positioned on each part of the stem was increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1366-1375
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• 2008

This studies were carried out in order to develope environmentally-friendly fiber materials and substitute resources of Paper mulberry. Various plant fibers such as New Zealand flax, Indian mallow, Kuzu vine and Yucca were used as raw materials of hand-made papers. We rotted these 4 kinds of plant fibers and removed non-cellulose. After rotting, the pulping rate(%) and the length of fibers in pulps were measured. The physical characteristics of papers made of various plants fiber were investigated and the probabilities of practical use were considered. The results were as follow: The non-cellulose contents of plant fibers were $30{\sim}40%$ and those contents must be lower down to 8% to be able to manufacture the hand made papers. The lignin in pulps were removed almost and the hemicellulose were partially removed to reach up to appropriate level of the pulp rates and fiber lengths. The more hemicellulose removed, the finer fiber thickness were and rapidly the lower Hanji tensile strength were. But the tear strength of these plants of hand-made papers do not decreased so much as tensile strength. So the property of 4 types of plant fibers might be of great advantages to make hand-made papers. Both tensile and tear strengths of Hanji of New Zealand flax, Indian mallow, Kuzu vine and Yucca were higher than Paper mulberry hand-made paper. When 30% of mulberry paper were mixed, the mixing effect showed maximum. Because of the functions of all plant fiber hand-made papers showed better than those of Paper mulberry hand-made paper, 4 types of plant fibers could be substitute Paper mulberry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1897-1902
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of homo or hetero fermentative inoculants on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet potato vine (SPV) silage containing Italian ryegrass hay as moisture absorbent. Methods: The SPV was harvested at 15% dry matter, mixed with Italian ryegrass hay at 1:1 ratio on a fresh weight basis, and chopped to 3 to 5 cm length. After then, the chopped forage mixture was ensiled into 20-L mini silos in quadruplicate for 7, 48, and 100 days after application of microbial inoculants at $1.2{\times}10^5$ colony forming units (cfu)/g of forage following: no inoculant (CON), Lactobacillus plantarum as a homo fermentative (LP), Lactobacillus buchneri as a hetero fermentative (LB), and mixture of LP and LB at 1:1 ratio as a combo fermentative (MIX). Results: The LP and MIX silages had lowest pH (p<0.001) on 7 and 48 days, while MIX and CON silages had greatest lactate concentrations (p<0.05) on 7 and 48 days, respectively. Acetate concentrations were highest (p<0.01) in LB and MIX silages on 7 days, and in LB silage on 48 days, while lactate to acetate ratios were lowest (p<0.001) in LB silages. The chemical compositions and nutrient digestibility of silage ensiled for 100 days was not affected by inoculants. On 100 days of ensiling, LB silage had lowest (p<0.01) lactate concentration and lactate to acetate ratio, but highest acetate concentration. Aerobic stability was highest (p<0.001) in LB silage followed in MIX silage. On contrast, LB silage had lowest (p<0.05) lactic acid bacteria and mold. Conclusion: The results indicated that application of LB solely had a better effect on aerobic stability than not only LP, but also MIX. However, LP application did not show beneficial effects from the viewpoints of fermentation quality and aerobic stability compared to CON.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.400-406
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• 2008

To examine the relationship between plant hormones and the development of pepper anthracnose, we investigated the effects of several plant hormones on the progression of disease symptoms. Of the five plant hormones examined, abscisic acid (ABA) increased the lesion length and disease incidence on detached fruits of Capsicum annuum cv. Nokkwang. The simultaneous application of ABA with inoculation of Colletotrichum acutatum JC24 resulted in increased lesion length, depending the concentration of ABA applied. Additionally, application of ABA caused the development of pepper anthracnose in fruits of Capsicum baccatum cvs. PBC80 and PBC81, which were previously resistant to the disease. Furthermore, ABA administration rendered increased pathogenicity of other isolates of C. acutatum BAC02063, PECH10, and TCBNU3 obtained from the Chinese matrimony vine, peach, and tea tree, respectively. Our data suggest that exogenous ABA may result in the suppression of defense mechanisms of pepper fruits against anthracnose, which leads to a change in the susceptibility of pepper fruits and the development of pepper anthracnose.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2012

Growth response of 'Sambokkul' watermelon grafted onto different rootstocks including 4 $Citrullus$ rootstocks and 3 other cucurbitaceous rootstocks was evaluated at two different temperature regimes. Significant reduction in plant growth rate was observed in plants grown at low temperatures (LT) as compared to those grown at normal or optimal temperatures. Relative growth reduction were 40~47% for vine length, 39~51% for total leaf area, 38~59% for shoot fresh weight, and 57~87% for plant dry weight, respectively. Watermelon rootstock PI 482322 showed comparable plant growth as the most popular rootstock 'Shintozwa' even at LT. 'Sambokkul' watermelon grafted onto watermelon hybrids, 'PI 271969 ${\times}$ PI 296341' and 'PI 271769 ${\times}$ Calhoun Gray', showed comparable plant growth as 'FR Dantos' bottle gourd rootstock. Index of growth ability at LT, which was calculated on the basis of reduced rate of vine length, dry weight and leaf area, was significantly high in $C.$ $martinezii$, 'Shintozwa', PI 482322, and 'PI 271769 ${\times}$ PI 296341' rootstocks (50% or higher) and low in own-rooted 'Sambokkul' or in watermelon plants on 'Knight' rootstock. Watermelon hybrids, 'PI 271969 ${\times}$ PI 296341' and 'PI 271769 ${\times}$ Calhoun Gray', showed better or at least comparable growth at low temperatures as compared to 'FR Dantos', confirming the feasibility of using watermelon rootstocks even in low temperature conditions.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2016

The experiment was carried out to examine the effects of planting date on the growth and marketable yield of bitter gourd grown in rain-shield plastic houses. Bitter gourd cv 'Dragon' seedlings were separately transplanted during the months of June, July and August, 2015. The training method of all plants was made with four lateral vines and pinching the main vine. Lateral length of plants exhibited no significant difference between each planting date. However, bitter gourd planted in June had significantly higher main stem diameter than those treatments planted on August. The application of planting date was found effective in increasing marketable yield and number of fruits. June, as a planting date, had the highest marketable yield (6,439kg/10a), whereas bitter gourd planted in August had the lowest yield (870kg/10a) which were also consistent in terms of the number of fruits. Fruit length and diameter had no significant differences as affected by treatments. Therefore, planting date of bitter gourd in June was effective in increasing yield of fruit in rain-shield plastic house conditions.