• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2004

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is malignant tumor in salivary gland, and its behavior is very invasive. Of all malignant tumor adenoid cystic carcinoma is occured in frequency of 4.4% in major salivary gland, and 1.29% in minor salivary gland. Histopathologically, adenoid cystic carcinoma is characterized by a cribriform appearance, and tubular form and solid nest type tumor can be seen. The tumor cell structure composed of modified myoepithelial cell, and basaloid cell. Extracellular matrix of this tumor cell contains variable ground substance with basement membrane component. Basement membrane matrix composed of collagen fibers, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and its function is well known that it participate in differentiation, proliferation, and growth of tumor cell. Basement membrane molecule is essential for invasion of peripheral nerve, blood vessel, skeletal muscle in tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma. In many studies, the tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma containing modified myoepithelial cell participate in synthesis of proteoglycan. In this study, tissue sample of adenoid cystic carcinoma of human salivary gland were obtained from 15 surgical specimen, and all specimen were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial $4-{\mu}m$ thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks. the histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, the immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of glycosaminoglycan were observed. For biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycan, isolation of crude glycosaminoglycan from tumor tissue and Western bolt analysis were carried out. With transmission electomicroscopy, tumor cell were observed. Biologic behavior of adenoid cystic carcinoma was observed with distribution and expression of basement membrane of glycosaminoglycan in tumor cells, The results obtained were as follows: 1. In immunohistochemical study, chondroitin sulfate is postively stained in tumor cell and interstitial space, dermatan sulfate is weakly stained in ductal cell. But keratan sulfate is negatively stained. 2. In immunohistochemical study, heparan sulfate is strong positive stained in tumor cell and basement membrane, especially in invasion area to peripheral nerve tissue. 3. In transmission electromicroscpic view, the tumor cells are composed modifed myoepithelial cells, and contains many microvilli and rough endoplasmic reticulum. 4. In Western blot analysis, the expression of glycosaminoglycan is expressed mostly in heparan sulfate. From the results obtained in this study, tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma is composed modified myoepithelial cell, and glycosaminoglycan of basement membrane molecule of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate mostly participate in the development and invasiveness of adenoid cystic carcinoma by immunohistochemical study and western blot analysis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor in salivary glands, and occurred in frequency of 60% in parotid gland tumors, and 50% in submandibular gland tumors, and 25% in sublingual gland tumors. Histopathologically, pleomorphic adenoma is composed of epithelial cells and mesenchymal tissues, and called 'mixed tumor' because of morphological divergency. The cell structures of luminal area are composed of polyhedral and cuboidal secretory epithelial cells and modified myoepithelial cells around it, and mesenchymal tissue is composed of some myoepithelial cells and stromal tissue. In stromal tissue, myxoid change, chondroid change, or hyalinization can be seen even if bone tissue. In many studies, tumor cells of pleomorphic adenoma containing modified myoepithelial cell participate in synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. In this study, tissue sample of pleomorphic adenoma of human salivary gland were obtained from 20 surgical specimens, and all specimens were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial 4-8${\mu}m$ thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks. The histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, with immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of glycosaminoglycan were observed. And, for biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycan, isolation of crude glycosaminoglycan from tumor tissue and immuno-blot analysis were carried out. With transmission electromicroscopy, tumor cells and biologic behavior of pleomorphic adenoma were observed with distribution and expression of glycosaminoglycan in tumor cells, The results were obtained as follows: 1. In immunohistochemical study, chondroitin 4-sulfate is highly postively stained in myxoid stromal tissue, and chondroitin 6-sulfate is highly positively stained in chondroid mesenchymal tissue, both glycosaminoglycans are positively stained in non-luminal cell of ductal area. 2. Dermatan sulfate and keratan sulfate is positively stained in periductal non-luminal tumor cells. 3. In immunohistochemical study, heparan sulfate is weakly stained in luminal cells and non-luminal cells around duct, and chondroid mesenchymal tissue. 4. In transmission electromicroscopic view, the tumor cells are composed of modified myoepithelial cells, and contain many microfilaments and well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. 5. In Immuno-Blot analysis, the expression of glycosaminoglycans is expressed mostly in chondroitin 6-sulfate and chondroitin 4-sulfate. From the results obtained in this study, tumor cells of pleomorphic adenoma are composed of modified myoepithelial cells, and glycosaminoglycans of chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate mostly participate in the development of pleomorphic adenoma, but dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans were expressed variably.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.2581-2587
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• 2013

메타분석은 여러 실증연구의 정량적인 결과를 통합과 분석을 통해 전체 결과를 조망할 기회를 제공하는 통계적 통합 방법이다. 계획된 행동이론을 기반으로 정보기술에 대한 행동의도에 관한 연구들을 메타분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구는 2013년 이전 국내 학술지에 게재된 연구 중 계획된 행동이론의 인과관계를 설정한 총 31편의 연구논문을 대상으로 하였다. 메타분석의 결과, 행위에 대한 태도에서 행동의도의 경로에 효과 크기는 0.571로 보였으며, 주관적 규범에서 행동의도의 경로에 효과 크기는 0.381로 나타났다. 그리고 인지된 행위통제에서 행동의도의 경로에 효과 크기는 0.458로 나타났다. 또한, 행동의도에서 행동의 경로에 효과 크기는 0.421을 보였다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.73-94
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• 2008

When individuals collaborated in virtual settings, communication is medicated through a variety of communication technologies, and is associated not only with communication effectiveness but also with socio-emotional interactions among group members. In this regards, scholars have examined how technology-mediated communication systems can be designed and used to facilitated communication interaction. However, the empirical results of the previous studies have revealed inconsistencies in the effects of communication media on users' behavioral or attitudinal responses, and on their viable effectiveness in organizations. Some studies claim that computer-mediated communication(CMC) is task-oriented but not suitable for emotional expression since it hinders close interpersonal interaction. On the other hand, some studies argue that individuals are able to develop interpersonal relationships more effectively in a CMC environment than in an FtF-environment. Due to the different perspectives, a theoretical gap exists, and it leads to the inconsistent research findings. The purpose of this paper is to combine the two different perspectives into single unified model, thereby providing a more realistic and comprehensive understanding about virtual collaboration. The present study here sought to answers the following questions with organizational communication perspective: What are the major components of virtual collaboration? What factors affect the performance of virtual collaboration? And what kind of managerial efforts should organization make in order to facilitate CMC media effectiveness in virtual collaboration? Although there is a certain belief that new media, namely technology-mediated communication support would create new opportunities, the problem of "how" or "why" has been an important question that is still not fully addressed. In this regards, we collectively reexamined previous literatures with major issues which are still controversial and integrated various theoretical activity within computer-mediated communication domain: task-oriented approach, socio-emotional approach, and evolutionary psychological approach. Our first contribution is to develop a framework for virtual collaboration by combining two different perspectives into a single unified model, providing a more realistic and comprehensive understanding. The second main contribution is the joint modeling of both social presence and cognitive effort, and the effects on two distinct but important communication outcomes(i.e., take performance and relational development). We tested the research hypotheses which were developed based on the various CMC theories using data gathered through a self-administered mail survey of 127 individuals of 69 virtual workgroups. The proposed model was supported, providing preliminary evidence that the tension between two opposite view should be integrated. The results show that the individual's psychological processes(social presence and cognitive effort) in a virtual environment significantly mediated the effect of CMC inputs (media richness, user adaptation, and shared contest) on the CMC outputs (task performance and relational development). Furthermore, this study shows that the lack of perceived media richness of CMC media can be complemented by user adaptation and shared context. Based on the results, we discuss how communication system should be designed and implemented so as to promote virtual interaction as well as how a virtual workgroup should be composed to complement the lack of media richness. A virtual collaboration using CMC media may create new value by overcoming the logistical constraints. On the other hand, it may also generate various managerial risks such as communicational depersonalization, process dissatisfaction, and low cohesion. Therefore, this study suggests that organization managers should carefully choose the CMC mediums and monitor individual member's cognitive and affective psychological processes during virtual collaboration to reduce potential risks in virtual collaboration.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.70-86
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• 1992

What is the meaning of menopause experienced by urban Korean women? Nurses need an under standing of menopause as it is experienced by women themselves. Nursing needs to build knowledge of womens' health experiences. This phenomenological study examined what menopause means to modern Korean woman to build a structure of knowledge useful for practice to enhance the quality of life of women throughout this experience. Traditional definition of menopause according to physiological changes, as illness and more recently as psychosociocultural phenomena were examined along with the folk lore information generally available in the society A review of the research and scientific literature was done from the perspectives of four models including the medical model of menopause as disease, the psychosocial model as positive and negative behavioral responses to menopause, a feminist model of menopause as a time of rebirth and a nursing model of the changing patterns of meaning, rythms and transformation women experience through menopause. Van Kaam's method was used to analyse data audio-recorded during interviews by the investigator with 65 women, 40 to 60 years of agey whose confidentility was assured. Interpretation of the data was enhanced luther by consultation with professional colleugues and with informants. Four rhythmical patterns of process emerged : from suffering to comfort, from oppression to freedom from being a good wife and wise mother to becoming a woman and from a hard life to an abundant life. The detailed common elements making up each of the four patterns and definitions of each pattern were presented. Each pattern was discussed critically from the point of view of medical, psychosociocultural, womens' and nursing models. The structural definition of the synthesis of the four process patterns was stated as : in spite of suffering the middle-aged urban Korean woman find she is able to help herself to feel comfortable and to realize release as she moves from oppression to liberation and freedom from being a good wife and wise mother she experiences rebirth as a woman : she begins to live a profitable and valuable life : her life becomes one of transformed abundant living. The definition transcends the medical and phychosociocultural model to embody a nursing model. The analysis was critiqued by using Parse' Human Becomming theory of nursing because the emerging themes were process patterns. Parse' theory provides and explanation of the experience of menopause consistant with the data which enhances nursing understanding of womens' experience of menopause. Parse' practice methodology provide guidance for promoting womens' quality of life throughout the experience of menopause. Feminist analysis contributes valuable critique to nursing research, richly expanding the perspective from traditional approaches to promote understanding of the meaning of womens' health experiences.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.577-588
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• 2001

조합화학 기법을 적용하여 $YRO_4$ (R=As, Nb, P, V)계 모체에 Eu을 활성하여 적색형광체를 합성하였다. 합성된 형광체는 UV PL,VUV PL, 및 색좌표 분석을 하였고, 254nm 및 147nm 여기하에서의 발광세기 및 색좌표 사면체 라이브러리를 완성하였다. Eu이 0.1 mol 도핑된 적색 형광체는 254nm로 여기 시켰을 때 $YRO_4$를 중심으로 다른 중심으로 다른 성분이 미량 첨가되었을 때 가장 좋은 발광 세기를 나타내었으나. 147nm에서는 $YRO_4$를 중심으로 좋은 발광 세기가 나타났다. 합성된 형광체 중 $Y_{0.9}$(A$S_{0.06}$N$B_{0.06}$$P_{0.83}$$V_{0.06}$) $O_4$: $Eu_{0.1}$의 조성으로 1200$^{\circ}C$에서 소성하였을 때 상용 형광체와 대등한 발광세기가 색순도가 우수하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.233-236
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• 2013

메타분석은 여러 실증연구의 정량적인 결과를 통합과 분석을 통해 전체 결과를 조망할 기회를 제공하는 통계적 통합 방법이다. 계획된 행동이론은 여러 가지 주제로 다루어지고 있으며, 그리고 지금도 여전히 계속 연구되고 있다. 최근 정보시스템과 정보통신 분야가 가장 큰 이슈이다. 이러한 시점에 계획된 행동이론을 기반으로 정보기술에 대한 행동의도에 관한 연구들을 메타분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구는 2013년 이전 국내 학술지에 게재된 연구 중 계획된 행동이론의 인과관계를 설정한 총 31편의 연구논문을 대상으로 하였다. 메타분석의 결과, 행위에 대한 태도에서 행동의도의 경로에 효과 크기는 0.571로 보였으며, 주관적 규범에서 행동의도의 경로에 효과 크기는 0.381로 나타났다. 그리고 인지된 행위통제에서 행동의도의 경로에 효과 크기는 0.458로 나타났다. 또한, 행동의도에서 행동의 경로에 효과 크기는 0.421을 보였다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 선행연구와 비교분석을 통해 차이점을 논의하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.254-257
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• 2013

메타분석은 여러 실증연구의 정량적인 결과를 통합과 분석을 통해 전체 결과를 조망할 기회를 제공하는 통계적 통합 방법이다. 기술수용모델(TAM)은 지난 20년 동안 많은 주제로 다루어지고 있으며 지금도 여전히 계속 연구되어 오고 있다. 최근 정보시스템과 정보통신 분야가 가장 큰 이슈는 스마트이다. 이러한 시점에 기술수용모델을 기반으로 외부 요인에 관한 문헌적 고찰 및 메타분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구는 2013년 이전 국내 학술지에 게재된 연구 중 기술수용모델의 인과관계를 설정한 총 106편의 연구논문을 대상으로 하였다. 메타분석의 결과, 외부 요인과 인지된 유용성의 경로에 가장 큰 효과 크기는 유희성으로 나타났다. 인지된 유용성과 유희성의 경로에 효과 크기는 0.536이었다. 그리고 외부 요인과 인지된 사용 용이성의 경로에 가장 큰 효과 크기는 자기 효능감으로 나타났다. 인지된 사용 용이성과 자기 효능감 경로에 효과 크기는 0.626이었다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 선행연구와 비교분석을 통해 차이점을 논의하였다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2009

개인정보 유출을 위한 공격자의 시도는 다양한 보안 시스템에 로그를 남기게 된다. 이러한 로그정보들은 개인정보 유출에 관여했다고 보고된 특정 IP 주소에 대한 확신도를 도출하기위한 요소가 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 보편적으로 활용 가능한 보안 시스템들의 로그정보들을 기반으로 확신도를 도출하기 위한 규칙기반 전문가 시스템의 섣계 및 구현을 다루고 있다. 일반적으로 개인정보유출과 연관된 다양한 로그정보들은 개인정보 관리자에 의해서 분석되어, 의심 대상이 되는 IP 주소에 대해 정보유출에 관여한 정도를 도출하게 된다. 이러한 개인정보 관리자가 수행하는 분석절차는 전문가의 축적된 지식 (Know-how)이라고 할 수 있으며, 이는 규칙 형태로 정의되어 분석절차의 자동화에 활용될 수 있다. 특히, 개인정보유출과 관련된 로그정보의 분석 범위는 다양한 해킹시도를 탐지 해내야하는 침입탐지 및 대응 분야와 비교할 때 상대적으로 넓지 않다. 따라서 도출해내야 하는 규칙의 개수가 상대적으로 많지 않다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 특히 IDS. Firewall 및 Webserver 의 로그정보들을 개인정보유출의 관점에서 상호 연관성을 도출하였고, 이러한 연관성을 기반으로 규칙을 정의하고 이들을 생성/변경/삭제 할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 해당하는 규칙기반 지식베이스 및 전문가 시스템은 개인정보유출에 관여 했다고 여겨지는 특정 IP 주소에 대한 낮은 수준(Low-level)의 검증을 수행하여 확신도를 도출하는데 활용이 가능하다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2021

화석 연료를 사용할 때, 불완전 연소는 필연적으로 발생하는 문제이다. 이러한 관점에서 연소 후 기체 분리는 불완전 연소 기체의 재활용 가능성을 시사한다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구에서는 일산화탄소 기체 분리용 촉진수송 고분자 분리막을 제조하였다. 이를 위해 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 주사슬 기반으로 acrylic acid (AA) 단량체를 자유 라디칼 중합법으로 PVA-g-PAA 공중합체를 제조하였다. 본 공중합체를 일산화탄소 활용에 적용하는 사례는 처음이며, 제조한 공중합체는 AgBF₄ 염과 HBF₄를 혼합하여 기체 분리막에 적용하였다. 공중합체 합성 결과는 FT-IR을 통해 분석하였으며, 공중합체와 AgBF₄, HBF₄의 상호작용은 TEM를 통해 분석하였다. 염의 첨가를 통해 일산화탄소 기체의 촉진수송 채널을 형성하였으며 이를 통해 일산화탄소 분리막 분야에 촉진수송 및 그래프팅 방법이라는 새로운 접근법을 제시하였다.