• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.74-85
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• 2020

Smart phone zombie or Smombie means pedestrians who walk without attention to their surroundings because they are focused upon their smart phone. Because the traffic accidents and injuries caused by Smombie have been increased rapidly in recent years, the social attention and policies are needed to prevent it. This study was conducted to analyze Smombie's current status and some solutions used before and to propose new improved method through the latest ICT trend. In this study, we did the field survey to check Smombies at several places in Seoul through people counting, and found that a lot of pedestrians still use the smart phone while walking. And we analyzed many case studies about some solutions to prevent Smombies previously. The case studies include legal regulations, government policies, smart phone app services and facilities that are used before. We studied them through internet searches and reference studies and we also checked the current operating situation as visiting several places that the solutions actually has been operated. Therefore, we found there are some limitations in previous solutions in terms of effectiveness and management. To consider new solution that can be expected to overcome the limitations, we analyzed the latest ICT trends focused on features to utilize the Smombie prevention, especially video recognition and digital signage. In these days, video recognition has been developed rapidly with assistance of AI technology and it can recognize the specific pedestrian's characteristics such as holding smart phone as well as hair style, clothes, backpack and etc. On the other hands, the digital signage is the convergence device that includes big display, network connection and various IoT sensors. It can be used as public media in many places for public services as well as advertising. Through these analysis results, we show the requirements and the user scenario for the improved method to prevent Smombie. Finally, we propose to develop R&D technology to recognize Smombie exactly as pedestrian attributes and to spread creative contents to increase pedestrian's interest and engagement for Smombie prevention through digital signage.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 2021

The number of CCTV installed in Korea is over 1.3 million, increasing by more than 15% annually. However, due to the limited budget compared to the installation demand, the infrastructure is composed of 500,000 pixel low-quality CCTV, and there is a limits on identification of objects in the video. Public CCTV has high utility in various fields such as crime prevention, traffic information collection (control), facility management, and fire prevention. Especially, since installed in high height, it works as its role in solving diverse crime and is in increasing trend. However, the current public CCTV field is operated with potential problems such as inability to identify due to environmental factors such as fog, snow, and rain, and the low-quality of collected images due to the installation of low-quality CCTV. Therefore, in this study, in order to remove the typical low-quality elements of public CCTV, the method of attenuating scattered light in the image caused by dust, water droplets, fog, etc and algorithm application method which uses deep-learning algorithm to improve input video into videos over quality over 4K are suggested.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.48-61
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• 2020

The objective of this study is to estimate traffic capacity based on the heavy-vehicle ratio in a two-lane freeway work zone where one lane is blocked by construction. For this, closed circuit television (CCTV) video data of the freeway work zone was collected, and the congestion at an upstream point was observed. The traffic volume at a downstream point was analyzed after a bottleneck was created by the blockage due to the upstream congestion. A distribution model was estimated using observed-time headway, and the road capacity was analyzed using a goodness-of-fit test. Through this process, the general capacity and an equation for capacity based on the heavy-vehicle ratio passing through the work zone were presented. Capacity was estimated to be 1,181~1,422 passenger cars per hour per lane (pcphpl) at Yeongdong, and 1,475~1,589pcphpl at Jungbu Naeryuk. As the ratio of heavy vehicles increased, capacity gradually decreased. These findings can contribute to the proper capacity estimation and efficient traffic operation and management for two-lane freeway work zones that block one lane due to a work zone.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

According to the statistics of traffic accidents over recent 5 years, traffic accidents during the night times happened more than the day times. There are various causes to occur traffic accidents and the one of the major causes is inappropriate or missing street lights that make driver's sight confused and causes the traffic accidents. In this paper, with smartphones, we designed and implemented a lane luminance measurement application which stores the information of driver's location, driving, and lane luminance into database in real time to figure out the inappropriate street light facilities and the area that does not have any street lights. This application is implemented under Native C/C++ environment using android NDK and it improves the operation speed than code written in Java or other languages. To measure the luminance of road, the input image with RGB color space is converted to image with YCbCr color space and Y value returns the luminance of road. The application detects the road lane and calculates the road lane luminance into the database sever. Also this application receives the road video image using smart phone's camera and improves the computational cost by allocating the ROI(Region of interest) of input images. The ROI of image is converted to Grayscale image and then applied the canny edge detector to extract the outline of lanes. After that, we applied hough line transform method to achieve the candidated lane group. The both sides of lane is selected by lane detection algorithm that utilizes the gradient of candidated lanes. When the both lanes of road are detected, we set up a triangle area with a height 20 pixels down from intersection of lanes and the luminance of road is estimated from this triangle area. Y value is calculated from the extracted each R, G, B value of pixels in the triangle. The average Y value of pixels is ranged between from 0 to 100 value to inform a luminance of road and each pixel values are represented with color between black and green. We store car location using smartphone's GPS sensor into the database server after analyzing the road lane video image with luminance of road about 60 meters ahead by wireless communication every 10 minutes. We expect that those collected road luminance information can warn drivers about safe driving or effectively improve the renovation plans of road luminance management.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.14C no.1 s.111
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• pp.95-104
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• 2007

Mobile multimedia services such as TV-call or video streaming are gradually becoming popular in the 3rd or more generation mobile network (IMT-2000). Multimedia traffic is expected to continue increasing into the coming years, and IP technology is considered to be the efficient way of transporting such huge volumes of multimedia traffic. IP-based IMT network platform represents an evolution from IMT-2000. The structure of IP-based IMT network as ubiquitous platform is three-layered model : Middleware including Network Control PlatForm (NCPF) and Service Support PlatForm (SSPF), IP-BackBone (IP-BB), access network including sensor network. Mobility Management (MM) architecture in NCPF is proposed for IP-based IMT network in order to manage routing information and location information separately. The generous existing method of multicast control in IP-based IMT network is Remote Subscription. But Remote Subscription has problem that should be reconstructed whole multicast tree when sender in multicast tree moves to another area. To solve this problem, we propose the way to put Multicast-manager in NCPF.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

Increase of data traffic and the advent of new real-time services require to change from the traditional TDM-based (Time Division Multiplexing) networks to the optical networks that soft and dynamic configuration. Voice and lease line services are main service area of the traditional TDM-based networks. This optical network became main infrastructure that offer many channel that can convey data, video, and voice. To provide high resilience against failures, Packet-optical networks must have an ability to maintain an acceptable level of service during network failures. Fast and resource optimized lightpath restoration strategies are urgent requirements for the near future Packet-optical networks with a Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching(GMPLS) control plane. The goal of this paper is to provide packet-optical network with a hierarchical multi-layer recovery in order to fast and coordinated restoration in packet-optical network/GMPLS, focusing on new implementation information. The proposed schemes do not need an extension of optical network signaling (routing) protocols for support.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.71-81
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• 2012

The Korean government has actively accepted private investments in building expressways to improve its financial status. As of 2012, 422km of 9 private expressways are under operation, and until 2016 additional 15 are planned to be built with private investments. However, on average, each private expressway is at most 37km long, which works against economies of scale in maintenance and thus leads to inefficiencies such as traffic jams, driver inconveniences, and the increase in operating costs. To resolve these problems, the present study suggested that the maintenance and tolling system should be unified across each private operator. Unifying the operation of private expressways was expected to reduce user travel times and tolls, and save operator maintenance costs. These economic effects were expected to be tantamount to hundreds of billions of dollars. The shared toll collecting system will also reduce user's delays by removing main line tollgates. This can save another hundreds of billions of dollars by ensuring driver's convenience and safety.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.201-204
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• 2003

At a consequence of WWW large popularity, the internet has suffered from various performance problems, such as network congestion and overloaded servers. These days, it is not uncommon to find servers refusing connections because they are overloaded. Web server performance has always been a key issue in the design and operation of on-line systems. With regard to Internet, performance is also critical, because users want fast and easy access to all objects (e.g., documents, graphics, audio, and video) available on the net. To solve this problem, a number of companies are exploring the benefits of having multiple geographically or locally distributed Internet sites. This requires a comprehensive scheme for traffic management, which includes the principle of an optimal load balancing of client requests across multiple clusters of real servers. This paper focuses on the performance analysis of Web server and we apply these results to load balancing in clustering web server. It also discusses the mam steps needed to carry out a WWW performance analysis effort and shows relations between the workload characteristics and system resource usage. Also, we will introduce an optimal load balancing algorithm base on the RTSM (Real-Time Server Monitor) and Fuzzy Inference Engine for the local status of a real server, and the benefits is provided with of the suggested method.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 2012

The subscriber access network is cause of the bottleneck phenomenon because equipment and infrastructure were not originally designed for busty high-bandwidth traffic between MAN(Metro Area Network) and LAN(Local Area Network). Whether riding on shorter copper drops or optical fiber, Ethernet is emerging as the future broadband protocol of choice, offering plug and play simplicity, and low cost. EPON(Ethernet Passive Optical Network) combines point-to-multipoint optical infrastructure with low-cost high-bandwidth Ethernet. The future broadband access network will be a combination of point-to-point and point-to-multipoint Ethernet, optimized for transporting IP data, as well as time critical voice and video. EPON is being considered as a novel communications infrastructure for next-generation broadband access network for the convergence of low-cost Ethernet equipment and low-cost fiber infrastructure. But, EPON has a problem with duplex multimedia services. It is the insufficiency of bandwidth for upstream. Because all ONUs use a shared transmission media for upstream. In this paper, we addressed the problem of upstream bandwidth in EPONs. We presented a wavelength division EPON supporting QoS in the differentiated services framework.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.319-328
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• 2023

Unlike cloud computing, edge computing technology analyzes and judges data close to devices and users, providing advantages such as real-time service, sensitive data protection, and reduced network traffic. EdgeX Foundry, a representative open source of edge computing platforms, is an open source-based edge middleware platform that provides services between various devices and IT systems in the real world. EdgeX Foundry provides a service for handling camera devices, along with a service for handling existing sensed data, which only supports simple streaming and camera device management and does not store or process image data obtained from the device inside EdgeX. This paper presents a technique that can store and process image data inside EdgeX by applying some of the services provided by EdgeX Foundry. Based on the proposed technique, a service pipeline for object detection services used core in the field of autonomous driving was created for experiments and performance evaluation, and then compared and analyzed with existing methods.