• 복식문화연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.295-307
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• 2001

This study was investigated to a effect of sociocultural environment on the vicissitudes of headgear in Europe on 19th Century. Form of headgear was increasingly more functional and simple. It was needed various items with various usage. Since Industrial Revolution the french Revolution. A diffusion of sport and increase of leisure time gave rise to entrance of mass headgear with reasonability and simplicity. But female headgear was more decorative than males. Until late 19th century when female has participated in social performance, female headgear was not functional and simple form. More often female took male headgear(fedora, straw boater, cap, tc.) than bonnet when female role-awareness was changed and sport is diffused.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2019

This paper tried to investigate the features of French garden pavillons (jardin pavillons) in the 17th and 18th centuries, in which the royal built them, publicly enjoying culture or privately having a refuge. The scope of the garden pavilions covered those associated with a pleasure place that accommodated performances, dancing, and dinners. They included not only rustic, Chinese, Turkish and Gothic pavilions but also grottos, nymphaeums, and artificial ruins built for banquets and festivals. This paper identified the features of the 17th and 18th century French garden pavilions as follows: Those pavilions firstly established French Neoclassicism, secondly applied the techniques of pastiche, thirdly reflected women's influence, and lastly revealed the short cycles of their vicissitudes. In conclusion this study, with the summary of the main text, explained the influence of the French pavilions on Europe and America.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1978

The costume, considered as a manner of clothing, represents the distinctive character of a country, of an epoch, of a personage; and always it mirrors the vicissitudes of human civilization. It is interesting to study the costume of ancient Western Asia, its civilization and culture were transmitted to Egypt and Greece. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Loin clothes, tunics, wraps were in Western Asia. 2. Sleeves and Trousers has been the great contribution to costume. 3. The Art of dyeing, weaving, and embroidering were well known. 4. Tassels and Fringes were used in Western Asia. 5. Egypt and Greece were affected by Western Asia.

• 인문언어
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.203-221
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• 2002

The ideal of middle class British masculinity and the representative of the new Victorian respectability, the ″gentleman″ was difficult to define amidst the class mobility and social change of the nineteenth century. Was the gentleman to be identified by class and by money\ulcorner By behavior and clothing\ulcorner By religion and morality\ulcorner This essay focuses on the problem of the ″gentleman″ as it was debated in the Victorian era and as it was reflected in the biography and work of the mid-nineteenth century's most important English writer, Charles Dickens. I examine the critical debate surrounding the Victorian idea of the ″gentleman″ by comparing the arguments of Shirley Robin Letwin's The Gentleman in Trollope(1982) and Robin Gilmour's The Idea of the Gentleman in the Victorian Novel(1981). Letwin views the ″gentleman″ as largely transcending class structure, while Gilmour's more historically-conscious view locates the gentleman as emerging out of, and even enabling, the class negotiations of this period. Against the backdrop of such debates, I discuss Charles Dickens's struggles with the idea of the gentleman in theory and in practice. In his novels, especially his semi-autobiographical bildungsromane about the growth and development of boys into adulthood, Dickens prominently engages with the identity and definition of the gentleman. As I demonstrate in this essay, this interest originated from Dickens's own childhood trauma and his subsequent drive to attain gentility, a necessity complicated by the vicissitudes of his personal and professional life.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.682-688
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• 2009

Changes in lipophillic pigments concentration and its relation to color of fresh green tea liquor during heat treatment were studied. The results showed liquor greenness decreased markedly with extension of incubation time at $55^{\circ}C$, while the brightness and yellowness changed a little. Significant increase in 'a' and 'b' values of tea liquor was observed at $95^{\circ}C$. Color change of liquor at $55^{\circ}C$ was accompanied by a decrease in the level of chlorophylls, lutein and neoxanthin, and an increase in the pheophytins and ${\beta}-carotene$ levels. However, all pigments except ${\beta}-carotene$ decreased with time extension at $95^{\circ}C$. Significant correlation was found between pigments and color difference index. The browning of fresh green tea liquor was attributed to vicissitudes of lipophillic pigments during heat treatment, especially to the change of chlorophylls/pheophytins ratio. Result also showed addition of $Zn^{2+}$ at 1.6 ${\mu}mol/L$ could partially alleviate the decrease in greenness during heat treatment.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

본 논문의 목적은 DSRC 기반 통행속도 이력데이터를 활용하여 IC-IC 구간 단위의 통행패턴을 도출하는 것이며, 이를 통해 방대한 이력정보 데이터의 활용도를 높이고, 단순하지만 정확성 높은 방법으로 도로의 통행패턴을 용이하게 파악할 수 있게 하는 것이다. 통행패턴 분류는 의사결정나무 기법을 적용하였고, 월 시간대 구간 단위로 분리된 통행패턴을 생성하여 시 공간이 변화되어도 이에 대응 가능하도록 하였다. 경부고속도로 서울TG~안성IC 구간을 대상으로 의사결정나무 기법을 적용한 결과, 요일 기준으로 (월)(화 수 목)(금)(토)(일) 5개 그룹으로 고정 통행패턴이 분류되었다. 분류 결과를 영동, 중부, 중부내륙 고속도로의 9개 구간에 적용하여 통계적 검증을 수행한 결과 약 93%의 적합도를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 의사결정나무를 통한 통행패턴 오차를 개선하기 위하여 4개의 추가변수를 도입한 결과, "직전월의 소통상황"을 설명변수로 추가할 경우 통행속도 분산이 약 50% 감소함을 확인하였고, 실제 상황에 적용할 경우 소통 원활 시의 오차가 약 4% 감소되었다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제53권
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• pp.219-249
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• 2018

이 논문은 소설이 수행하는 감정교육 기능을 역사적으로 검토한다. 이를 위해 감정에 대한 새로운 시각이 대두한 18세기 감성주의에 주목하고 20세기 모더니즘에 이르기까지 감성주의가 영문학사에서 변천되어 온 역사적 과정을 살펴 본다. 18세기는 서구문화에서 이런 문제들이 새로운 절박성을 띠고 격렬하게 논의되었던 시기이면서, 동시에 소설이라는 장르가 역사상 처음으로 등장하여 그 형태를 찾아가던 시기이다. 18세기는 감정과 도덕과 미학의 상관관계에 대한 현대적 사유의 패러다임이 형성되었던 때라고 할 수 있다. '정서적 전환'이라고 명명되는, 20세기 후반 서구 학계의 정서 부활 흐름이 18세기로 거듭 돌아가 그곳에서 감정의 성격과 감정이 수행하는 도덕적, 미학적, 정치적 역할을 새롭게 읽어내는 이유가 여기에 있다. 이 글은 소설의 감정교육 기능을 가장 섬세하고 포괄적으로 읽어낼 수 있는 단초를 마련한 논의를 애덤 스미스의 공감론에서 찾는다. 스미스의 이론을 통해 먼저 감성주의와 관련하여 공감이 근대소설과 맺는 관계를 검토해보고, 이 입장이 20세기 모더니즘 소설에서 어떻게 수정되고 있는지 살펴본다. 다음으로 현대 정서론의 양대 흐름을 형성하고 있는 감정론과 정동론이 18세기 감성주의를 어떻게 변형, 재편, 재구성하고 있는지 논의한다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제26권
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• pp.353-377
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• 2012

This treatise studies on how ideology and value of Chinese minority race undergo change according to social, political transition that the Chinese minority race has experienced for a long time and I also have tried to elucidate how these kinds of their experiences have been effected upon their own life, even it is part of my basic subjects for my study. Hence I would give weigh to focus on contemplating process of the past and the present rather than predictive discussion of how their pursuing value will be transformed. For my ebullient study, I'm willing to make Yi-Zu's moral culture become axis of my treatise, and capitalize on not only how Han-Zu's ideological philosopies have been disseminated, but also how acculturation have been taken place in Yi-Zu's moral culture system. Yi-Zu has the longest history and the greatest their own population, even the largest residence of various Chinese minority races. And Yun-Nan is the historical place where not only various Chinese minority races have lived, but also acculturation between Chinese majority, Han-Zu and them have been begotten. Above all, I would delve into traditional religion to understand Yi-Zu's moral culture as was already mentioned that it is my axis of treatise. Furthermore, I deliberated on how Taoism have been infiltrated Yi-Zu's moral culture, also how Han-Zu's ideological philosophies have been permeated Yi-Zu's, and what is more how to help themselves still remained in Yi-Zu's. Through my such these efforts, I analyze the aspect of embracing of Han-Zu's moral culture by Yi-Zu's and some facts of vicissitudes about it.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.53-92
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• 2018

This essay aims to examine chick lit written within the Asian American context. For the most part, the chick lit genre has been typically regarded as a site to study contemporary white women's experiences and to debate the genres' credentials as feminist literature. Though some may disagree, there is general consensus that chick lit has fallen out of vogue after reaching its peak in the first decade of the new millenium.; nevertheless, it is being revisited by readers and critics alike as it has recently re-emerged as a location upon which to examine how race and gender inform notions of national belonging and female subject formation in the twenty-first century. To this end, this essay reads Kim Wong Keltner's The Dim Sum of All Things (2004). Keltner's protagonist Lindsey Owyang is yet another twentysomething "chick" looking for love, self, independence, and success in the huge megalopolis of San Francisco. What sets Lindsey apart from the chick prototype is that she is a third-generation ABC (American-born Chinese) and issues relevant to Asian America frequently make their way into Lindsey's narrative. Though it is generally considered as standing a "few notches above the standard chick-lit fare" (Stover n. pag), I would argue that meaningful reflections on many of the major pillars of Asian American literature, history, and cultural politics are glossed over in favor of cursory musings about the daily vicissitudes of Lindsey's life. This essay thus takes to task Ferriss's claim that a "serious" consideration of chick lit "brings into focus many of the issues facing contemporary women and contemporary culture - issues of identity, of race and class, of femininity and feminism, of consumerism and self-image" (2). I contend that a close examination of Keltner's The Dim Sum of All Things discloses that the chick lit format undermines a "serious consideration" of Asian American issues by presenting in particular a highly problematic representation of race and of Asian American femininity.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.207-223
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• 2021

Objectives : This paper studied the different disease sites according to Yin and Yang deviation and the principal to applying the Five Shu Points acupuncture method to these sites of the Yin-Yang needling method as explained in the Shouyaogangrou chapter of the Lingshu. Methods : Of the seasonal needling method in the Neijing, the principle to managing the Five Shu Points and indications of each point were examined. Next, clinical applications of the Five Shu Points were analyzed. Descriptions of clinical expression were collected and examined to understand the underlying pattern. Results : If we connect the disease sites of the Yin-Yang needling method to the Five Shu Points needling method according to the seasonal changes, the Yang of Yin connects to Spring, Yin of Yang to Summer, Yang of Yang to Autumn, and Yin of Yin to Winter. Of the needling site, the collateral vessel is the collateral vessel of Spring, 'Meridian of Yin' is the meridian of the Yin domain or the meridian points of the Yin meridian. 'He of Yang' is the He point of the Yang meridian, and the Yin Xing and Shu are the Xing and Shu points of the Yin meridian. Upon examining cases in the Neijing where the Five Shu Points were applied, it could be found that the Xing and Shu points of the Yin meridian were used together, while the He point of the Yang meridian was used to eliminate Yang pathogen or to stimulate Yang qi, which matches the Yin-Yang needling method of the Shouyaogangrou chapter of the Lingshu. Conclusions : The Yin and Yang of the needling sites from the Yin-Yang needling method in the Shouyaogangrou chapter of the Lingshu refers to the Yin and Yang meridians, or the Yin and Yang domains. In the context of disease site description, the former Yin and Yang describes a spatial aspect, while the latter Yin and Yang refers to the vicissitudes of qi according to temporal change.