• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2022

The collapse of reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings is mainly caused by the failure of columns. To prevent brittle failure of RC column, numerous studies have been conducted on the seismic performance of strengthened RC columns. Concrete jacketing method, which is one of the retrofitting method of RC members, can enhance strength and stiffness of original RC column with enlarged section and provide uniformly distributed lateral load capacity throughout the structure. The experimental studies have been conducted by many researchers to analyze seismic performance of seismic strengthened RC column. However, structures which have plan and vertical irregularities shows torsional behavior, and therefore it causes large deformation on RC column when subjected to seismic load. Thus, test results from concentric cyclic loading can be overestimated comparing to eccentric cyclic test results, In this paper, two kinds of eccentric loading pattern was suggested to analyze structural performance of RC columns, which are strengthened by concrete jacketing method with new details in jacketed section. Based on the results, it is concluded that specimens strengthened with new concrete jacketing method increased 830% of maximum load, 150% of maximum displacement and changed the failure modes of non-strengthened RC columns.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.105-119
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• 2005

Statement of problem. As the effects of the various diameters of fixture and abutment screw on stress distribution was not yet examined, this study focused on the different design of single implant restoration using three dimensional finite element analysis. Purpose. This study was to compare five different fixture-abutment combinations for single implant supported restorations with different fixture and abutment screw diameters. Material of methods. The five kinds of finite element models were designed by 3 diameter fixtures ($\oslash$3.3, 3.75, 5.0 mm) with 3 different abutment screws $\oslash$1.5, 1.7, 2.0 mm). The crown for mandibular first molar was made using UCLA abutment according to Wheeler's anatomy. 244 N was applied at the central fossa with two different loading directions, vertically and obliquely (30$^{\circ}$) and at the buccal cusp vertically. Maximum von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, crowns, fixtures, and abutment screws. Results. 1. The stresses in supporting bone and implant-abutment structure under oblique loading were greater than those under vertical or offset loading. The stresses under vertical loading were the least among 3 loading conditions regardless of the implant and abutment screw diameters. 2. The stresses in the narrow implants were greater than the wider implants. The narrow implant with narrow abutment screw showed highest stresses in the lingual crest, but the narrow implant with standard abutment screw showed highest stress in abutment screw. 3. The stresses of abutment screws were influenced by the diameter of fixtures and loading conditions. The wide implants showed least difference between two different abutment screw diameters. Conclusions. The wide implants showed lesser stresses than the narrow implants and affected least by the different abutment screw diameters. The narrow implants with standard abutment screw showed highest stresses in the lingual bony crest under oblique loading.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.140-148
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• 2012

Recently there are many attempts to introduce PC construction method in buildings. But the study on PC structural wall has been made progress so slowly because it is very difficult to develop new items. In this study, we have developed new vertical joint on PC wall in order to upgrade constructivity and structural performance of the existing connections, then we have evaluated the seismic resistance performance. As a result of the cyclic loading tests for two specimens, proposed vertical joint on PC wall has shown that it behave the excellent structural performance in comparison to PC wall having no joint. Therefore, we think that proposed vertical joint is the system to apply buliding structure.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.37-45
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to validate the design criteria of the concrete modular road system, which is a new semi-bridge-type concept road, through a comparison of numerical analysis results and actual loading test results under static axial loads. METHODS : To design the semi-bridge-type modular road, both the bridge design code and the concrete structural design code were adopted. The standard truck load (KL-510) was applied as the major traffic vehicle for the design loading condition. The dimension of the modular slab was designed in consideration of self-weight, axial load, environmental load, and combined loads, with ultimate limit state coefficients. The ANSYS APDL (2010) program was used for case studies of center and edge loading, and the analysis results were compared with the actual mock-up test results. RESULTS : A full-scale mock-up test was successfully conducted. The maximum longitudinal steel strains were measured as about 35 and 83.5 micro-strain (within elastic range) at center and edge loading locations, respectively, under a 100 kN dual-wheel loading condition by accelerating pavement tester. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the results of the comparison between the numerical analysis and the full-scale test, the maximum converted stress range at the edge location is 32~51% of the required standard flexural strength under the two times over-weight loading condition. In the case of edge loading, the maximum converted stresses from the Westergaard equation, the ANSYS APDL analysis, and the mock-up test are 1.95, 1.7, and 2.3 times of that of the center loading case, respectively. The primary reason for this difference is related to the assumption of the boundary conditions of the vertical connection between the slab module and the crossbeam module. Even though more research is required to fully define the boundary conditions, the proposed design criteria for the concrete modular road finally seems to be reasonable.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.341-358
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• 2024

This paper reports several plane-strain trapdoor tests conducted to investigate the effects of reinforcement on soil arching development under localized surface loading with a loading plate width three times the trapdoor width. An analogical soil composed of aluminum rods with three different diameters was used as the backfill and Kraft paper with two different stiffness values was used as the reinforcement material. Four reinforcement arrangements were investigated: (1) no reinforcement, (2) one low stiffness reinforcement R1, (3) one high stiffness reinforcement R2, and (4) two low stiffness reinforcements R1 with a backfill layer in between. The stiffness of R2 was approximately twice that of R1; therefore, two R1 had approximately the same total stiffness as one R2. Test results indicate that the use of reinforcement minimized soil arching degradation under localized surface loading. Soil arching with reinforcement degraded more at unloading stages as compared to that at loading stages. The use of stiffer reinforcement had the advantages of more effectively minimizing soil arching degradation. As compared to one high stiffness reinforcement layer, two low stiffness reinforcement layers with a backfill layer of certain thickness in between promoted soil arching under localized surface loading. Due to different states of soil arching development with and without reinforcement, an analytical multi-stage soil arching model available in the literature was selected in this study to calculate the average vertical pressures acting on the trapdoor or on the deflected reinforcement section under both the backfill self-weight and localized surface loading.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2008

Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were carried out to investigate the effect of loading direction on the cyclic deformation behavior and fatigue resistance of rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy. The as-received alloy showed a strong basal texture indicating that the most of basal planes of hexagonal close-packed structure were located parallel to the rolling direction. Two types of specimens whose loading directions were oriented parallel (RD) and vertical (ND) to the rolling direction. respectively, were used for the comparison. It was found that RD specimens yielded at much lower stresses during compression, while vice versa for the ND specimens, which was mainly attributed to the formation of primary twins. This anisotropic deformation behavior resulted in the different mean stresses during the cycling of RD and ND specimens, affecting the fatigue resistance of two specimens. The ND specimen showed a superior fatigue resistance as compared to the RD specimen under strain-controlled condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.33-38
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• 2004

The ocean loading displacement of the crust is one of the major error sources in space geodesy techniques. In the western part of the Korean Peninsula, the vertical displacement due to ocean loading reaches up to 3cm. To check out the possibility of correcting the inaccurate ocean tide model in the Yellow Sea, we used four GPS sites to compute the height variations and compared them with the model-predicted ones. The comparison shows relatively good agreement except for small differences in the phase and amplitude.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.85-91
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• 1994

In this thesis, the fracture tests and structural analysis were performed on a series of temporary scaffolding to investigate the variation of strength and the safety of temporary scaffolding. The specimens were of height 270cm and width 50cm and their span was 120cm. The joint loading and member loading were used in the tests, respectively. In these tests, the fracture mode of temporary scaffolding, relationships between the loading and the flexural strain of the specimens were observed. According to the comparison between the test results and the structural analysis results, the effects of the vertical loads and horizontal loads on temporary scaffolding and the safety of temporary scaffolding were studied.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.903-908
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• 2004

Among welded structure bogies in use for high speed freight car, a part of bogies manufactured in 1999 and 2000 have found problems that crack occurs in its end beam. In case of a freight car the difference of weight between empty and loading conditions are worse than in case of a passenger car. Moreover its brake system is tread brake without second suspension system. Cracks of end beam is supposed to be due to loading by brake system rather than vertical loading by freight. These cracks can make brake system useless and may be a cause of derailment in the worst case. In this study, we have proposed a simple torsion-free brake shoe holder hanger to remove torsion of hanger bracket which was supposed to be one of causes of cracks and performed finite element analyses. Also static load test was applied in torsion free brake shoe holder.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.1256-1263
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• 2010

Suction Drain Method is soft ground improvement technique, in which a vacuum pressure can be directly applied to the Vertical Drain Board to promote consolidation and strengthening the soft ground. This method does not require a surcharge load, different to embankment or Preloading Method. In this study, ground improvement efficiency of suction drain method was estimated when duplex loading pressure with vacuum and pressure. During suction drain method process, surface settlement and pore pressure were monitored, and cone resistance test as well as water content were also measured after the completion of Suction Drain Method treatment.