• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회논문집
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2003

We analysed phases recorded by the M$_{L}$ 3.6 Cheolwon, Korea, earthquake occurred on the 10th of December, 2002 and computed source parameters such as hypocenter, origin time, earthquake magnitude and focal solutions. We used PmP and SmS phases to increase the accuracy in determinations of the hypocenter and origin time in addition to the phases such as Pg, Pn, Sg and Sn which are generally used in routine processes. The epicenter, depth, and origin time of the Cheolwon earthquake determined based on data of 11 stations within 200 km from the epicenter are 38.8108$^{\circ}$N, N, 127.2214'E, 11.955 km, and on 7:42:51.436. The earthquake magnitude obtained from all the stations is 3.6 M$_{L}$. The fault plane solution calculated based on data from 19 stations indicates slip process of a normal fault including strike-slip motion. The direction of compressional stress field has a large vertical component and a ESE-WNW direction of horizontal component, which is different from the mainly horizontal direction of main compressional stress field in the Korean Peninsula (ENE-WSW) obtained by previous studies.ies.s.

• 지구물리
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2002

한반도 남동지역에서의 Lg 감쇠 연구는 산업 지역에 놓인 활성단층으로 여겨지는 양산단층의 존재로 매우 중요하다. 두 관측점법에 의한 Lg 감쇠를 해석한 결과, 0.87 - 10 Hz 구간이 $${＼gamma}=(0.009±0.0005)＼;f^{0.06+0.03}$$이다. ${＼gamma}$값에서 변환된 ${Q_{Lg}}^{-1}$값은 동일한 지역에서 측정된 S파의 값보다 매우 높고, 10Hz 가까운 영역에서는 세계에서도 가장 높은 수준이 검출되었다. 이 높은 값은 동해에 의한 Lg 차단 효과이거나, 조사지역의 지각두께 변화와 연관이 된 것으로 보인다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.621-635
• /
• 2023

The combination of replaceable and repairable properties in structures has introduced new approach called "Low Damage Design Structures". These structural systems are designed in such a way that through self-centering, primary members and specific connections neither suffer damage nor experience permanent deformations after being exposed to severe earthquakes. The purpose of this study is the seismic assessment of steel moment resisting frames with the aid of rigid rocking cores. To this end, three steel moment resisting frames of 4-, 8-, and 12-story buildings with and without rocking cores were developed. The nonlinear static analysis and incremental dynamic analysis were performed by considering the effects of the vertical and horizontal components of 16 strong ground motions, including far-fault and near-fault arrays. The results reveal that rocking systems benefit from better seismic performance and energy dissipation compared to moment resisting frames and thus structures experience a lower level of damage under higher intensity measures. The analyses show that the interstory drift in structures equipped with stiff rocking cores is more uniform in static and dynamic analyses. A uniform interstory drift distribution leads to a uniform distribution of the bending moment and a reduction in the structure's total weight and future maintenance costs.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2006

Transient heat transfer caused by an impulsive heating in subcooled liquid nitrogen is investigated experimentally. This study is part of out ongoing efforts directed to a stable cryogenic cooling system lot superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL). A thin heater attached by epoxy on one surface of a GFRP plate is immersed in liquid-nitrogen bath at temperatures between 77 K and 55 K. A strong heat flux up to $150W/cm^2$ is generated lot 100 ms, and the temperature of the heater sulfate is measured as a function of time. The behavior of bubbles on the heating surface can be explained by comparing the measured temperature history for vertical and two horizontal (up and down) orientations. It is concluded that the subcooling of liquid nitrogen below 70 K is very effective in suppressing bubbles, resulting in better thermal protection and faster recovery from an impulsive heat.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2019

양산단층 남부 지역을 대상으로 한 정밀 지질조사 수행 중에 울산광역시 두서면 미호리 신우목장 절개사면에서 미고결퇴적층을 자르고 있는 단층이 확인되었으며, 이는 양산단층 남부 인근 이서 지역에서 최초로 발견된 제4기 단층노두이다. 본 연구에서는 신우지점 주변의 지형, 수계 및 선형구조 분석 결과를 바탕으로 신우지점에서 관찰되는 단층의 기하학적 특성 및 미고결퇴적층의 특징 등의 정보를 제공하고자 한다. 단층이 발달하고 있는 지형은 침식 산록 완사면으로 보이나 저위면의 두꺼운 퇴적층과 중위면의 부채꼴(Fan) 양상은 충적선상지 지형 특징을 보인다. 수계는 3차 수계까지 발달하여 1차 수계와 2차 수계가 서로 직각으로 만나면서 방사상 형태를 보인다. 또한 하천의 휘어짐과 지형면의 단차를 통해 본 지점을 통과하는 북동-남서 방향의 선형구조들이 인지되었다. 신우지점의 단층은 $N30-35^{\circ}E/79-82^{\circ}SE$ 의 자세를 보이며, 약 5.8 m 의 겉보기 수직 변위가 관찰되는 역단층의 기하를 보인다. 단층면에서 확인된 단층조선과 단층 하반의 최상부 미고결퇴적층 내 역들의 방향성도 전형적인 역단층 운동감각을 지시한다. 하지만 단층의 하반 내 일부 단층대를 따라 불연속적인 퇴적물이 관찰되며, 이는 주향이동운동에 의한 열극구조를 상위의 미고결퇴적물이 채운 것으로 판단된다. 현재 절대연령 측정 및 추가적인 조사가 수행 중이며, 추후 이러한 다학제적 조사결과가 도출된다면 본 신우지점 제4기 단층노두에 대한 정확한 단층의 형성 및 발달사가 규명될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 제4회 특별심포지움
• /
• pp.46-66
• /
• 2002

스파커와 12채널 스트리머, 그리고 휴대용 기록기를 이용하여 고리원전 연안에서 탄성파탐사를 수행함으로써 4기 단층의 분포와 특성을 파악하였다. 스트리머의 채널간격은 6.25 m이며 스파커는 500 Hz까지의 음파를 발생시키므로 수평 및 수직분해능이 매우 높은 자료를 얻을 수 있었다. 조사지역에는 한반도의 동남부 해안을 따라 분포하는 mud belt를 구성하는 홀로세 퇴적물이 30-40 m의 두께로 쌓여 있다. 조사지역 전체에서 홀로세와 플라이스토세의 경계를 이루는 반사면은 매우 뚜렷하며 천부가스층의 분포도 확인되었다. 조사지역내에서 다수의 4기 단층들이 발견되는데 이들은 수직에 가까운 경사를 가지며 남북방향으로 연장되고 있다. 이들 단층들은 수백 m의 간격으로 배열되어 있으며 지역적으로 인장력에 의해 형성된 특성을 보여주기도 하지만 대체로 압축력이 우세한 영역에서 형성된 것으로 해석된다. 홀로세 전기동안 해침과 관련된 침식충진 퇴적층으로 해석되는 지층을 자르는 단층들도 지역적으로 발견되었다. Mud belt를 구성하는 퇴적층 내에 분포하는 천부가스는 균열이 생긴 단층면을 따라 올라온 것 같은 양상을 보여주기도 한다. 동해를 형성시킨 지구조 운동이 마이오세 후기 이후 약해졌지만 그 이후에 한반도의 남동연안에서 단층운동이 활발하였음은 아직도 정상보다 뜨거운 맨틀영역에 속하는 이 지역이 지체구조적으로 안정되지 못함을 지시한다.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 2000

1990년 이래로, GPS 기술은 지각 움직임 연구에 적용되어 왔으며 본 논문은 반복된 GPS 관측으로부터 (1995-1998) Cam Lo 단층(Quang Tri province, Vietnam)의 지각 운동에 대한 연구 결과를 설명하였다 연구 대상지역은 위도 N 16 40' 10", 경도 E 106 58' 40"의 Vietnam 중앙부에 위치하며 그 규모는 상대적으로 작다. GPS네트워크는 6개의 관측점들로 이루어져 있으며 기선거리는 3-11 km이고, 3개의 tectonic 지역에 위치한다. GPS 데이터 획득은 1995년 5월과 1998년 3월에 두 개의 캠패인으로 모든 관측점들에서 수행되어졌다. 연구결과, 좌표 변화와 표준편차를 고려할 때 대상지역이 움직이고 있었고, 수평 변화보다는 수직 변화가 더 크게 발생하였다. 본 논문의 결과는 지질 전문가에 Cam Lo 단층지역의 지구물리 해석에 흥미로운 자료를 제공할 것이고 베트남의 단층 활동 연구를 고무시킬 것으로 기대된다. 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2019

The mission tasks of polar exploration utilizing unmanned systems such as glacier monitoring, ecosystem research, and inland exploration have been expanded. To facilitate unmanned exploration mission tasks, precise and robust navigation systems are required. However, limitations on the utilization of satellite navigation system are present due to satellite orbital characteristics at the polar region located in a high latitude. The orbital inclination of global positioning system (GPS), which was developed to be utilized in mid-latitude sites, was designed at $55^{\circ}$. This means that as the user is located in higher latitudes, the satellite visibility and vertical precision become worse. In addition, the use of satellite-based wide-area augmentation system (SBAS) is also limited in higher latitude regions than the maximum latitude of signal reception by stationary satellites, which is $70^{\circ}$. This study proposes a local-area augmentation system that additionally utilizes Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) considering satellite navigation system environment in Polar Regions. The orbital inclination of GLONASS is $64.8^{\circ}$, which is suitable in order to ensure satellite visibility in high-latitude regions. In contrast, GLONASS has different system operation elements such as configuration elements of navigation message and update cycle and has a statistically different signal error level around 4 m, which is larger than that of GPS. Thus, such system characteristics must be taken into consideration to ensure data integrity and monitor GLONASS signal fault. This study took GLONASS system characteristics and performance into consideration to improve previously developed fault detection algorithm in the local-area augmentation system based on GPS. In addition, real GNSS observation data were acquired from the receivers installed at the Antarctic King Sejong Station to analyze positioning accuracy and calculate test statistics of the fault monitors. Finally, this study analyzed the satellite visibility of GPS/GLONASS-based local-area augmentation system in Polar Regions and conducted performance evaluations through simulations.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 1989

The gravity measurement has been conducted at 61 stations with an interval of about 500 to 1,000 m along two survey lines of about 47 Km between $Chungju-Jech{\check{o}}n$ and $Salmi-D{\check{o}}cksanmy{\check{o}}n$ in order to study on the subsurface geologic structure and structural relation between $Okch{\check{o}}n$ Group and Great Limestone Group of $Chos{\check{o}}n$ Supergroup. The Bouger gravity anomalies were obtained from the reduction of the field observations, and the distribution patterns of the basement and subsurface geologic structure were interpreted by means of the Fourier-Series and Talwani method for two-dimensional body. The depth of Conrad discontinuity varies from 12.7 Km to 15.7 Km, and vertical displacements along the Osanri and Bonghwajae faults are 1.0 Km and 1.5 Km, respectively between Chungju and $Jech{\check{o}}n$. The depth of Conrad discontinuity varies from 13.8 Km to 15.4 Km, and vertical displacement along the Bonghwajae fault is 0.5 Km between Salmi and $D{\check{o}}cksanmyon$. The basement is widely exposed at several places between Chungju and $Jech{\check{o}}n$. In the unexposed area between Osanri and $W{\check{o}}lgulri$, its depth is from 1.5 Km to 2.1 Km. It is displaced downward along the Osanri and Bonghwajae faults by 0.8 Km and 0.6 Km, respectively, and is displaced upward along the Dangdusan fault by 1.6 Km. On the other hand, the depth of the basement varies abruptly by the Sindangri, Jungwon, Kounri, and Bonghwajae faults between Salmi and $D{\check{o}}cksanmy{\check{o}}n$, and it is from 2.8 Km to 3.2 Km around $Salmimy{\check{o}}n$, from 1.6 Km to 2.5 Km between the Sindangri and Bonghwajae faults, 3.0 Km near Koburangjae, and 2.5 Km at $Doj{\check{o}}nri$. The high Bouguer gravity anomalies are due to the accumulation of $Okch{\check{o}}n$ Group and $Jangs{\check{o}}nri$ Metamorphic Complex whose density is higher than the basement exposed between Sondong and Osanri, and imply the existance of Bonghwajae Metabasite or hornblende gabbro of high density distributed along the Bonghwajae fault in the vicinity of Koburangjae. The low Bouguer gravity anomalies resulted form the fracture zone associated with fault or rock of low density imply the existance of the Osanri, Bonghwajae, Dangdusan faults and $Daed{\check{o}}cksan$ thrust between Chungju and $Jech{\check{o}}n$, the uplift of the basement by the Sindangri, Jungwon, Kounri, and Bonghwajae faults, and extensive distribution of Cretaceous biotite granites between Salmi and $Docksanmy{\check{o}}n$. The thickness of $Okch{\check{o}}n$ metasediments varies from 1.5 Km to 3.2 Km, and that of Great Limestone Group of $Chos{\check{o}}n$ Supergroup from 200 m to 700 m. It is interpreted that $Okch{\check{o}}n$ Group is in contact with Great Limestone Group of $Chos{\check{o}}n$ Supergroup by the fault zones of the Bonghwajae and $Daed{\check{o}}cksan$ faults, and the Bongwhajae fault is a thrust of high angle, by which the east of the basement is displaced downward 0.5 Km between Chungju and lechon, and 1.0 Km between Salmi and $D{\check{o}}cksanmy{\check{o}}n$.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 공동학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 2007

In this study, we developed the 2.5D EM modeling and inversion algorithm for cross-hole source and receiver geometry. Considering the cross-hole environment, we use a VMD (vertical magnetic dipole) as a source and vertical magnetic fields as a measuring data. Developed inversion algorithm is tested for the isolated block model which has a conductive and a resistivity anomaly respectively. For the conductive anomaly, its size and resistivity are inverted well on the inversion results, while for the resistive anomaly, the location of anomalous block is shown on the inverted section, but its values are far from the exact value. Furthermore, artificial conductive anomalies are shown around the resistive anomalous zone. If we consider the inversion artifact shown in the test inversion of restive block, it is almost impossible to image the resistive zone. However, the main target of EM tomography in the engineering problem is conductive target such as fault zone, and contaminated zone etc., EM tomography algorithm can be used for detecting the anomalous zone.