• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.473-488
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• 2022

A high-speed railway (HSR) bridge may undergo long-term deformation due to the degradation of material stiffness, or foundation settlement during its service cycle. In this study, an analytical model is set up to evaluate the influence of this long-term vertical bridge deformation on the track geometry. By analyzing the structural characteristics of the HSR track-bridge system, the energy variational principle is applied to build the energy functionals for major components of the track-bridge system. By further taking into account the interlayer's force balancing requirements, the mapping relationship between the deformation of the track and the one of the bridge is established. In order to consider the different behaviors of the interlayers in compression and tension, an iterative method is introduced to update the mapping relationship. As for the validation of the proposed mapping model, a finite element model is created to compare the numerical results with the analytical results, which show a good agreement. Thereafter, the effects of the interlayer's different properties of tension and compression on the mapping deformations are further evaluated and discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 2016

The grating is the main purpose of drainage in civil engineering, architecture. This study examined the change and stress distribution by simulating three models of Vertical type grating structures that reduced the resistibility in respect of velocity rather than horizontal type grating and to design a grating with the optimal grating gap. The vertical type and horizontal type grating were compared in terms of the maximum stress and strain to identify the better product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 1995

This study examines experimentally and theoretically, the wave deformation by two large cylindrical structure in relation to the case of one structure. The wave height around the structures varies, according to the changes of the incident wave angles, the number of the structure, and the distances between the two structures. The wave deformation around the large cylindrical structures is shown to be well predicted theoretically by the diffraction theory based on the singular point distribution method using a vertical line wave source Green's function.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.70-75
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• 2017

This paper presents the FEM analysis results on the deformation behavior safety of automatic cut-off horizontal and conventional vertical gas valves. Based on the FEM analysis, the primary maximum deformation of $4.4{\mu}m$ was formed on the right end side of a valve body when the internal gas pressure was supplied on the screw port and gas discharge port of an automatic cut-off horizontal gas valve. And the secondary maximum deformation of $2.9{\mu}m$ was formed on the end side of safety valve port. This small deformation of an automatic cut-off horizontal gas valve is strongly related to the balanced design of a horizontal gas valve main body, which is composed of a screw part, gas outlet port, port for a stem and spindle shaft assembly, and safety valve port. But, the primary maximum deformation of 0.076mm was formed on the upper part of a conventional automatic cut-off vertical gas valve when the internal gas pressure was supplied on the screw port and gas discharge port. And the secondary maximum deformation of 0.055mm was formed on the left end side of a gas outlet port. This may effect on the sealing clearance of o-ring that is inserted on the groove of an automatic cut-off unit. Thus, this paper recommends an automatic cut-off horizontal gas valve compared with that of a conventional gas valve for a gas leakage free mechanism of a LPG cylinder valve.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.129-135
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• 2021

Injection molding is a manufacturing method of melting the polymer resin and injecting it into a mold to molding it into the desired form. Due to the short molding time and outstanding formability, complex products can be shaped with high precision and it is the most widely used polymer molding method. However, there may be areas that are not filled depending on the location of the injection gate where polymer resin is injected. Formability is determined by deformation and surface precision due to the impact of residual stress after molding. Hence, choosing the location of the injection gate is very important and molding analysis of injection molding is essential to reduce the cost of the mold. This study evaluated the injection formability based on the location of the injection gate of the vertical machining center ATC tool port using injection molding analysis and the results were compared and analyzed. Injection molding analysis was conducted on filling, packing, and deformation according to the location of the gate of the ATC tool port. From each injection gate location, filling time, pressure, and maximum deformation were compared. At gate 2, conditions of molding time and the location of the gate were far superior in production and quality. Gate 2 produced the smallest deformation of 0.779mm with the best quality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.511-516
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• 2000

A Hybrid Wall System(HWS) building, Kolon Bundang Tripolis was instrumented to measure the vertical deformation of core-walls and columns. The vertical shortening of individual members were measured at selected floor levels such as 1F, 12F, 25F, and 34F. The measurement has been taken during one year after the construction was started. Together with the measurement, concrete property tests were performed in the laboratory using the concrete obtained in the field. The measured vertical shortenings were compared with the calculated prediction values and the satisfactory agreement was obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.397-398
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• 2023

To design the shear connections for vertical construction joints of slurry walls, it is necessary to create a force-displacement curve that represents the structural performance of the shear connections. This paper proposes a method for preparing the force-displacement curve of the shear connections including major considerations.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.107-119
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• 1991

This dissertation analyzes the running mechanism of flexible and thin tape above rotating head through the experiment. The scope of study is confined to measure the vertical deformation of running tape under hydrodynamic pressure invoking phenomena of elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication between the protruded bump on a rotating cylinder ad the running tape. Experimental system is devised to measure the vertical deflection of the running tape by opto-electronical displacement gauge, which enables to detect microscopic surface deflection of high frequency. Thorough the tests of small specimens of groove and bump, the accuracy and reliability of this experimental method is confirmed and achieved an accuracy within 5%(2.mu.m) error for the microscopic deflection with high frequency. In experimental works, the effects of bump size on flying characteristics of the tape were evaluated and examined. For the vertical deformation of the running tape. the numerical results and its trend agree qualitatively with the experimental ones.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.461-472
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• 2010

This paper investigates the behavior of precast concrete (PC) shear walls with a new vertical connections for a fast remodeling construction. The C-type vertical connections for the PC wall systems are proposed for transfer of bending moment between top and bottom walls in the vertical direction while a shear key in the center of wall is prepared to transfer shear forces by bearing action. The proposed vertical connections allows easy fabrication thanks to slots at the edges of wall in opposite directions. The plane PC wall systems subject to lateral load are compared with ordinary wall systems by investigating the effects of connection on the stiffness, strength, ductility, and failure modes of whole systems. The load-displacement relationship and influence of premature failure of connections are examined. The experimental test showed that the longitudinal reinforcing steel bars placed at the edges of walls yielded first and the ultimate deformation were terminated due to premature failure of connections. The diagonal reinforcements for efficient shear transfer in the walls were not effective. The strength and deformation obtained through the section analysis were generally in agreement with the experimental data, and indicated that. Gap opening contributed to the deformation behavior more than any other factors.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.119-127
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• 2017

This paper presents a study of reinforced earth model wall reinforced by geosynthetics subjected to vertical surcharge. 7 types of reinforced earth model wall were constructed in the model box($100cm{\times}140cm{\times}100cm$) to assess the deformation and stress behavior of model walls according to different tensile strength and laying number of reinforcement and surcharge pressures. 3 types of geosynthetics that have different tensile strength were used as reinforcement. The test was carried out by changing the number of reinforcement to 5, 7, 9, and surcharge pressure to 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kPa. The model test found that the maximum lateral displacements occurred at the 0.7 H (H : Wall height) position from the bottom of the model wall and vertical stress was low in the smaller surcharge pressure and the larger tensile strength of reinforcement.