• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.935-938
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• 1995

Two cases of severe caustic injury of the hypopharynx, esophagus, and stomach are presented. Restoration of digestive continuity was accomplished by retrosternal isoperistaltic interposition of the transverse and left colon on the post-injury 73rd and 66th day respectively. The upper oro-colon continuity was made by a cervical approach, a vertical incision at the posterior hypopharyngeal wall, and interrupted one-layer sutures using 3-0 Dacron suture materials. The distal continuity was made by colojejunostomy between the transposed colon and proximal jejunum. There was no event after the operation in both cases. The posterior vertical hypopharyngotomy and hypopharyngocolostomy at the early post-injury period may be the preferred procedure to obtain normal deglutition in patients with esophageal stricture associated with hypopharyngeal injury.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.545-558
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• 2004

Payment Systems is one of critical infrastructures, which is increasingly dependent on IT. Failure to provide the payment services can bring disaster to national economy, which is the reason why business continuity of payment system receive much attention these days. Payment Systems are complex systems, which consist of multiple players: central bank, commercial banks, clearing house. The main purpose of this paper is to propose some business continuity strategies for the payment systems. First, in order to provide financial stability, this paper clarifies the concepts of business continuity plan(BCP). Second, this paper illustrates the processes to come up with business continuity strategies for the payment systems based on risk analysis and business impact analysis. Business continuity strategies are proposed in terms of two dimensions: vertical and horizontal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.438-440
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• 2010

As market expansion and demand for smart phone have increased, the wireless data trafic is rapidly growing now. To solve this problem, common carriers in Korea distribute the trafic over Wi-Fi. Smart phones have multi interfaces such as 3G radio, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and etc and can utilize them. However these interfaces support seamless handover between not different interfaces but same interfaces, so that users couldn't be supported continuity for handover. In this paper, we describe the Media Independent Handover(MIH) services that is proposed by IEEE 802.21. The standard enhance the handovers across heterogeneous access networks and to optimize the service continuity during handovers.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 1999

Main objective of this study is to examine the hysteretic behaviors and to evaluate the capacity of precast concrete (PC) large panel structures simulated from the prototype of 15-story building, Two 1/2 scaled precast concrete wall specimens and one monolithic reinforced concrete specimen were designed and tested under the cyclic loading conditions. The main parameter of test specimens in PC large panel structure is the type of details for vertical continuity of vertical steel in horizontal joint. Also the behaviors of PC large panel structures are compared with that of monolithic reinforcement concrete wall structure. From the results, the stiffness and energy dissipation ratio of the precast concrete specimens are shown little bit lower than those of monolithic reinforced concrete specimen. In the PC large panel structures, the specimen connected vertically by welding (strong connection) showed higher strength than that of the specimen connected vertically by joint box. However the failure pattern of the former showed more brittle than that of the latter due to the diagonal compressive failure of wall panels.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.171-172
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• 2014

This paper proposes a SDN based Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) architecture for heterogeneous vehicular networks (SDN-VANET), to provide the continuity of service during the horizontal handovers and to reduce the delay during vertical and horizontal handovers. SDN-VANET mainly relies on DSRC road side units (RSUs) for V2I communication and to overcome the coverage problem SDN-VANET performs the vertical handover between DSRC and LTE/UMTS. To date there is no standard to perform network layer vertical handovers. Therefore the proposed SDN-VANET architecture also doesn't provide any mechanism for vertical network layer handovers, but solves the horizontal network layer handovers in DSRC or LTE/UMTS through introducing PMIPv6 in the architecture.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.245-259
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• 2024

In a tornadic wind field, the vertical velocity component in certain regions of tornadoes can be significant, forming one of the major differences between tornadic wind fields and synoptic straight-line wind fields. To better understand the wind characteristics of tornadoes and properly estimate the action of tornadoes on civil structures, it is important to ensure that all the attributes of tornadoes are captured. Although Doppler radars have been used to measure tornadic wind fields, they can only directly provide information on quasi-horizontal velocity. Therefore, lots of numerical simulations and experimental tests in previous research ignored the vertical velocity at the boundary. However, the influence of vertical velocity in tornadic wind fields is not evaluated. To address this research gap, this study is to use an approach to derive the vertical velocity component based on the horizontal velocities extracted from the radar-measured data by mass continuity. This approach will be illustrated by using the radar-measured data of Spencer Tornado as an example. The vertical velocity component is included in the initial inflow condition in the CFD simulation to assess the influence of including vertical velocity in the initial inflow condition on the entire tornadic wind field.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.27-48
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• 2018

The purposes of this study are to derive suggestions and implications to improve the continuity of Korean Science & Practical Arts (Technology Home Economics) curricula through international comparative analysis with focus on the science curricula or standards in five countries (Canada, New Zealand, Singapore, the United States, Korea). Original documents of the national curriculums or standards of each country collected from NCIC comparatively analyzed the big concepts of the 'system' and 'energy' based on features of related components of curriculum contents, vertical, and lateral connectivity. The results indicated that the big concepts of systems and energy were used internationally to consider the curriculum continuity. In most countries, the big concept of system was used as a framework to integrate science with technology or other contents. In particular, it was also utilized to strengthen vertical and lateral connectivity in earth science and space science contents area. In the comparison of countries for the system as the big concept, New Zealand focused interrelationship between system and human activities, systems' interaction, levels and features of system concept for the linkage between grades and subjects on the basis of level. In the case of Canada and Singapore, science and technology are combined to strengthen contents' connection. However, the revised 2015 curriculum has a lack of continuity and sequence because the concepts of system and energy were concentrated on a specific grade and contents' area. The curriculum was not developed systematically for multiple grades according to their levels. In conclusion, Korean science curriculum requires sufficient understanding of students' learning and research on learning progressions and curriculum continuity. In addition, it is very important to constitute the curriculum based on the vertical and lateral connectivity in order to improve science education and to foster students' key competencies and abilities.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.193-220
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• 2018

Recent studies have demonstrated that word frequency, word length, neighborhood and word shape may have a role in visual word recognition. Shape information may affect word processing in different ways as Korean letter system works differently than that of English. The purpose of this study was to apply Gestalt's continuity principle to Korean alphabetic script(hangul), and to investigate the processing unit of hangul and to verify whether syllable shape affects word recognition in hangul. In experiment 1, three syllable words were utilized and two variables; 1) syllable types(horizontal syllable shape, e.g., "가". vertical syllable shape, e.g., "고") and 2) presenting direction (horizontal, vertical) were manipulated. Whereas "가" meets the criteria of Gestalt's continuity principle, "고" does not. Based on the result of lexical decision time, horizontal syllable shape type showed significant performance improvement, when compared to vertical syllable shape type, regardless of the presenting direction. In experiment 2, syllable types(horizontal syllable shape, vertical syllable shape) and the visual relationship between prime and target(identical, similar, different) were manipulated by using masked priming. There was a significant performance difference between the visual relationship of prime and target, and thus the effect of syllable shape was verified.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.181-185
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• 2007

A free-surface correction(FSC) method is presented to solve the 3-D shallow water equations. Using the mode splitting process, FSC method can simulate shallow water flows under the hydrostatic assumption. For the hydrostatic pressure calculation, the momentum equations are firstly discretized using a semi-implicit scheme over the vertical direction leading to the tri-diagonal matrix systems. A semi-implicit scheme has been adopted to reduce the numerical instability caused by relatively small vertical length scale compare to horizontal one. and, as the free surface correction step the final horizontal velocity fields are corrected after the final surface elevations are obtained. Finally, the vertical final velocity fields can be calculated from the continuity equation. The numerical model is applied to the calculation of the simulation of flow fields in a rectangular open channel with the tidal influence. The comparisons with the analytical solutions show overall good agreements between the numerical results and analytical solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.2
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• pp.114-125
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• 1998

In this study, for the first time, we propose the ADI(Adaptive De-Interlacing) algorithm, which improves visually and subjectively, horizontal and vertical edges on the image processed by the ELA (Edge Based Line Average) method. The proposed ADI algorithm enlargesthe window size to 5*3 in order to utilize the feature of the continuity of edges, and the adaptive interpolator is employed to decide adaptiely horizontal, diagonal, and vertical edges. Based on the results of the compter simulation, it is confimed that the new ADI algorithm improve the PSNR by 0.5dB in the Lena image with 512*512 size and by 0.4dB in the sequence image of a salesman, respectively. For the horizontal and vertial edges on the still and salesman sequence images, the proposed ADI algorithm has better visulal improvement than the conventional ELA algorithm.