• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.477-484
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• 2002

A numerical investigation of the performance of the plate heat exchanger with rectangular winglet is conducted to examine the combined effect of vortex generator and louver fins. Velocity and temperature fields and spanwise averaged Nu and friction factor are presented. Enhancement of heat transfer and flow loss penalty is evident. A Parametric study of three factors (Re, angle of attack and louver angle) with levels of 5 (Re= 300, 500, 700, 900, 1100), 4($\alpha=15^{\circ}, 30^{\circ}, 45^{\circ}, 90^{\circ},$), and 4($\beta=0^{\circ}, 15^{\circ}, 30^{\circ}, 45^{\circ}$), respectively, indicates the performance defined by the ratio of heat transfer enhancement to flow loss penalty shows monotonic behavior for each parameter alone but the interactions between parameters is found to be considerable effect on the performance of heat exchanger and should be considered in design. The effect of stamping is also examined.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표논문집(II)
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• pp.412-417
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• 1998

This paper provides accurate flexural vibration solutions for thick (Mindlin) sectorial plates. A Ritz method is employed which incorporates a complete set of admissible algebraic-trigonometric polynomials in conjunction with an admissible set of Mindlin “corner functions". These corner functions model the singular vibratory moments and shear forces, which simultaneously exist at the vertex of corner angle exceeding 180$^{\circ}$. The first set guarantees convergence to the exact frequencies as sufficient terms are taken. The second set represents the corner singularities, and accelerates convergence substantially. Numerical results are obtained for completely free sectorial plates. Accurate frequencies are presented for a wide spectrum of vertex angles (90$^{\circ}$, 180$^{\circ}$, 270$^{\circ}$, 300$^{\circ}$, 330$^{\circ}$, 350$^{\circ}$, 35 5$^{\circ}$,and 359$^{\circ}$)and thickness ratios.tios.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 컴퓨터소사이어티 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.247-250
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• 2003

This paper proposed to digital watermarking technique for architectural drawing using LINES and ARCs based on vertex in CAD system to prevent infringement of copyright from unlawfulness reproductions and distribution. After extract LINES and ARCs from designed drawing, we embed watermarks using adaptive algorithm in each characteristics. Watermarks robust to various attacks like as geometrical transformation as being embedded in LINE's length and ARC's angle information. Also, the proposed method satisfies enough transparency about watermarked drawing because have suitable embedding strength to each component. By experimental result, we confirmed robustness and invisibility of embedded watermarks in several conversions of architectural design drawing.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2009

2009년부터 1, 2학년 수학교과서를 시작으로 학년별 새 교과서 편찬이 연차적으로 이루어지고 있다. 2009년 현재 시범학교에서 3, 4학년 실험본 수학교과서로 수업을 하고 있으며, 이 1년간의 실험 수업을 통해서 장 단점을 파악해 내년 3, 4학년의 새 수학교과서가 나을 예정이다. 본 연구는 한국과 일본 양국의 초등학교 4학년 수학교과서를 비교 분석하여 그 시사점을 통해 개정 교육과정의 수학교과서 편찬에 유용한 참고 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위하여 비교 분석의 대상을 교육인적자원부에서 발행한 4-가, 4-나 단계의 수학교과서 2권과 일본의 계림관(啓林館)에서 발행한 4-상(上), 4-하(下)의 산수교과서 2권으로 하여 교과서 단원명과 단원체제 및 영역별 지도내용을 비교하여 그 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.571-577
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• 2005

In this paper we prove that if T is a k-th root of a p­hyponormal operator when T is compact or T$^{n}$ is normal for some integer n > k, then T is (generalized) scalar, and that if T is a k-th root of a semi-hyponormal operator and have the property $\sigma$(T) is contained in an angle < 2$\pi$/k with vertex in the origin, then T is subscalar.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2004

본 연구는 선형사상 일반화에서 사상들 간의 공간적 충돌, 벡터변위에 따른 위치변동 등의 문제를 개선하기 위해 새로운 Simoo 알고리즘을 제안하고자 하였다. Simoo 알고리즘의 원리는 단순화와 완만화를 채택하였다. Simoo 알고리즘에서 사용된 임계치는 수선길이, 편각, 평균 vertex 길이이다. Simoo 알고리즘은 축척별 적용 가능, 지도학적 세련미, 자료점의 위치 변동에 따른 논리적 오류 발생의 감소, 공간현상특징 유지 등의 특징을 갖는다. Simoo 알고리즘의 적용 결과는 Douglas-Peucker 알고리즘과 비교하였다. 그 결과 두 알고리즘에서 해안선과 하계망 길이는 97% 이상 유지되었으며, 자료점 제거율은 Simoo보다 Douglas-Pecuker 알고리즘이 효과적이었고, 사상들간의 충돌은 Simoo에서 최소화되었다. 선의 곡률과 완만화는 Simoo 적용시 축척에 따라 감소하였다. 결과적으로 Douglas-Peucker보다는 Simoo 알고리즘이 지도학적 일반화에 적합하다고 볼 수 있다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2020

This study compares the difference of fit factors (FF) and visual acuity according to masks and eyeglasses preferences for 54 participants. We the precautions and behaviors of discomfort when wearing masks of eyewear wearers. Contact lens discomfort and priority action of complaints was investigated Glasses fitting factors is Optical Center Height(OH), Vertex Distance(VD) and Pantoscopic Angle(PA). We measured those factors and expressed by the ratio of standard point and change point. Quantitative fit factor was measured by Portacount Pro+ 8038. Also, we selected to 6 exercises among 8 exercises OSHA QNFT (Quantitative Fit testing) protocol to measure the fit factors. The pass/ fail criterion of FF was set at 100. Visual acuity(VA) test chart is developed by Chunsuk Han was used, Descriptive statistics was performed. Descriptive statistics(SAS ver 9.2), it is used geometric means, Wilcoxon analysis(P=0.05) When wearing the mask preferentially, fit factor(FF) was high according to the step of glasses fitting parameter. on the other hand, when the glasses first choice, the visual acuity(VA) was high. there was no significant difference. In the case of fit factor (FF), mask first choice/ glasses first choice is OH (p=0.671/ p=0.332), VD (p=0.602/ p=0.571) and PA (p=0.549/ p=0.607). Visual acuity (VA), mask first choice/ glasses first choice is OH (p=0.753/ p=0.386), VD (p=0.815/ p=0.557) and PA (p=0.856/ p=0.562). The workers of workplace and office chose glasses but occupational health workers and students chose mask. In case of discomforts, it was suggested to remove the mask and tolerate discomforts. The main discomforts and usual action of lens were dryness, hyperemia, foreign body sensation, ophthalmodynia, decreased vision and glasses wearing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a mask wearing method education program considering glasses fitting and develop a hybrid model that minimizes inconvenience when wearing glasses and a mask at the same time.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2018

The free longitudinal vibration of a circular truncated nanocone is investigated based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. Exact analytical formulations for tapered nanostructures are derived and the nonlinear differential governing equation of motion is developed. The nonlocal small scale effect unavailable in classical continuum theory is addressed to reveal the long-range interaction of atoms implicated in nonlocal constitutive relation. Unlike most previous studies applying the truncation method to the infinite higher-order differential equation, this paper aims to consider all higher-order terms to show the overall nonlocality. The explicit solution of nonlocal stress for longitudinal deformation is determined and it is an infinite series incorporating the classical stress derived in classical mechanics of materials and the infinite higher-order derivative of longitudinal displacement. Subsequently, the first three modes natural frequencies are calculated numerically and the significant effects of nonlocal small scale and vertex angle on natural frequencies are examined. The coupling phenomenon of natural frequency is observed and it is induced by the combined effects of nonlocal small scale and vertex angle. The critical value of nonlocal small scale is defined, and after that a new proposal for determining the range of nonlocal small scale is put forward since the principle of choosing the nonlocal small scale is still unclear at present. Additionally, two different types of nonlocal effects, namely the nonlocal stiffness weakening and strengthening, reversed phenomena existing in nanostructures are observed and verified. Hence the opposite nonlocal effects are resolved again clearly. The nano-engineers dealing with a circular truncated nanocone-based sensors and oscillators may benefit from the present work.

• 치과방사선
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.105-121
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• 1989

The author analysed tomograms and submento-vertex radiograms of 90 temporomandibular joints from 45 asymptomatic young adults. 15 had Angle class Ⅰ malocclusion, 15 classⅡ and 15 class Ⅲ. Corrected lateral tomograms were obtained in three condylar positions; centric occlusion, centric relation and 1 inch mouth opening. The condylar angulation, depth of cut, joint spaces were analysed in each radiogram. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The mean condylar angulation in Angle class Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ group was 17.55±5.51° 13.33±8.85° 16.25±6.60° respectively, and there was no significant difference in each group. The mean condylar angulation of right side (16.62±7.23°) was larger than left side (14.80±7.33°). 2. The mean depth of cut in Angle class Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ group was 8.13±1.61㎝, 3.05±3.80㎝, 7.75±2.19㎝, respectively. Angle class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ group revealed significant difference in measurement (p<0.0l). 3. The mean height of articular fossa in Angle class Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ group was 8.67±3.06㎜, 9.61±2.57㎜, 8.93±2.83㎜, respectively. And the mean width of articular fossa was 19.90±2.80㎜, 19.48±3.83㎜, 20.36±4.82㎜, respectively. 4. The mean height and width of condylar head was 5.11±1.16㎜, 11.20±2.26㎜, respectively. 5. In centric occlusion, the superior joint space was the largest (3.42±1.42㎜), followed by anterior joint space (2.94±1.95㎜) and the posterior joint space (2.64±1.19㎜. In centric relation, the anterior joint space was the largest (3.86±2.17㎜), followed by the superior joint space (3.64±3.68㎜) and the posterior joint space (1.18±0.77㎜). 6. The displaced measurement from centric relation to centric occlusion was 1.10±1.04㎜ anteriorly and 0.24±0.97㎜ inferiorly. In 1 inch mouth opening state, the condylar head displaced posteroinferiorly (2.49±2.49㎜ posteriorly, 1.17±1.34㎜ inferiorly) from the apex of articular eminence. And Angle class Ⅰ and Ⅱ group, Angle class Ⅱ and Ⅲ group revealed significant difference in posterior measurement, respectively (p<0.01).

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.425-440
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• 2016

본 연구는 초등학교 2학년 1학기 '여러 가지 도형' 단원을 학습한 학생들이 갖고 있는 삼각형에 관한 개념 이미지를 확인하고자 한 것이다. 그 결과 학생들은 삼각형과 세모에 대하여 서로 다른 개념 이미지를 갖고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 삼각형의 정의를 기계적으로 암송할 수 있지만, 변과 꼭짓점에 대한 심상이 적절하게 형성되어 있지 않음으로 인해 삼각형을 판별하지 못하는 경우도 있었다. 무엇보다 삼각형이라는 용어는 각의 관점의 용어이지만, 2학년 교과서에서는 각의 개념을 도입하지 않은 채 변의 관점에서 도입함으로 인해 학생들은 각을 변이나 면으로 혼동하는 경우도 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 초등학교 수학과 교육과정과 교과서의 개선 방안을 제안하였다.