• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2013

Since 1 June 2012, it is prohibited to sell oilfish as a food material but there are still many illegal cases of selling oilfish as if it is tuna or grilled Patagonian toothfish. So it is absolutely crucial to construct the system to distinguish the real food material from oilfish. There are two sorts of oil fish called Ruvettus pretiosus and Lepidocybirium flavobrunneum involved in Percifomes order and Gempylidae class. 16S DNA gene region in mitochondria was selected to design the specific primers. For design species-specific primer, the theoretical experiment were performed for the sequences of R. pretiosus, L. flavobrunneum, Thunnus thynnus, Thunnus albacores, Makaira mitsukurii and Xiphias gladius, registered at the Gene bank from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information, using BioEdit 7.0.9.0. program. Through the analysis of the result from experiments, it was possible to design the 4 kinds of primers to distinguish R. pretiosus and L. flavobrunneum. As a comparison group, 3 kinds of tuna and 4 kinds of billfishes were selected and experimental verification was performed. As a result, for R. pretiosus and L. flavobrunneum, R.P-16S-006-F/R.P-16S-008-R and L.F-16S-004-F/L.F-16S-006-R primers were selected eventually and PCR condition was established. In addition, 178bp and 238bp of PCR products were confirmed from the established condition and non-specific band was not amplified among similar species. Therefore, the species-specific primers developed in this study would be very useful and used in various ways such as internet shopping mall and illegal distributions with fast and scientific results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.34-44
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• 2020

In order to suggest performance analysis directions of ecological components based on a vegetation-based LID system model, this study seeks to analyze the statistical significance between monitoring results by using SWMM computer simulation and rainfall and run-off simulation devices and provide basic data required for a preliminary system design. Also, the study aims to comprehensively review a vegetation-based LID system's soil, a vegetation model, and analysis plans, which were less addressed in previous studies, and suggest a performance quantification direction that could act as a substitute device-type LID system. After monitoring artificial rainfall for 40 minutes, the test group zone and the control group zone recorded maximum rainfall intensity of 142.91mm/hr. (n=3, sd=0.34) and 142.24mm/hr. (n=3, sd=0.90), respectively. Compared to a hyetograph, low rainfall intensity was re-produced in 10-minute and 50-minute sections, and high rainfall intensity was confirmed in 20-minute, 30-minute, and 40-minute sections. As for rainwater run-off delay effects, run-off intensity in the test group zone was reduced by 79.8% as it recorded 0.46mm/min at the 50-minute point when the run-off intensity was highest in the control group zone. In the case of computer simulation, run-off intensity in the test group zone was reduced by 99.1% as it recorded 0.05mm/min at the 50-minute point when the run-off intensity was highest. The maximum rainfall run-off intensity in the test group zone (Dv=30.35, NSE=0.36) recorded 0.77mm/min and 1.06mm/min in artificial rainfall monitoring and SWMM computer simulation, respectively, at the 70-minute point in both cases. Likewise, the control group zone (Dv=17.27, NSE=0.78) recorded 2.26mm/min and 2.38mm/min, respectively, at the 50-minutes point. Through statistical assessing the significance between the rainfall & run-off simulating systems and the SWMM computer simulations, this study was able to suggest a preliminary design direction for the rainwater run-off reduction performance of the LID system applied with single vegetation. Also, by comprehensively examining the LID system's soil and vegetation models, and analysis methods, this study was able to compile parameter quantification plans for vegetation and soil sectors that can be aligned with a preliminary design. However, physical variables were caused by the use of a single vegetation-based LID system, and follow-up studies are required on algorithms for calibrating the statistical significance between monitoring and computer simulation results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.303-312
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• 2017

The central goal of Gamma Knife radiosurgery(GKRS) is to maximize the conformity of the prescription isodose surface, and to minimize the radiation effect of the normal tissue surrounding the target volume. There are the various kinds of indices related with the quality of treatment plans such as conformity index, coverage, selectivity, beam-on time, gradient index(GI), and conformity/gradient index(CGI). As the best treatment plan evaluation tool, we must check by all means conformity index, GI, and CGI among them. Specially, GI and CGI related with complication of healthy normal tissue is more indispensible than conformity index. Then author calculated and statistically analysed CGI, the newly defined conformity/gradient index as well as GI being applied widely using the treatment planning system Leksell GammaPlan(LGP) and the verification method Variable Ellipsoid Modeling Technique(VEMT). In the study 10 patients with intracranial lesion treated by GKRS were included. Author computed the indices from LGP and VEMT requiring only four parameters: the prescribed isodose volume, the volume with dose > 30%, the target volume, and the volume of half the prescription isodose. All data were analyzed by paired t-test, which is statistical method used to compare two different measurement techniques. No statistical significance in GI at 10 cases was observed between LGP and VEMT. Differences in GI ranged from -0.14 to 0.01. The newly defined gradient index calculated by two methods LGP and VEMT was not statistically significant either. Author did not find out the statistical difference for the prescribed isodose volume between LGP and VEMT. CGI as the evaluation index for determining the best treatment plan is not significant statistically also. Differences in CGI ranged from -4 to 3. Similarly newly defined Conformity/Gradient index for GKRS was also estimated as the metric for the evaluation of the treatment plans through statistical analysis. Statistical analyses demonstrated that VEMT was in excellent agreement with LGP when considering GI, new gradient index, CGI, and new CGI for evaluating the best plans of GKRS. Due to the application of the fast and easy evaluation tool through LGP and VEMT author hopes CGI and newly defined CGI as well as gradient indices will be widely used.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.450-463
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• 2006

Seasonal threshold values for fog detection over the ten airport areas within the Korean Peninsula have been derived from the data of polar-orbit Aqua/Terra MODIS and geostationary GOES-9 during a two years. The values are obtained from reflectance at $0.65{\mu}m\;(R_{0.65})$ and the difference in brightness temperature between $3.7{\mu}m\;and\;11{\mu}m\;(T_{3.7-11})$. In order to examine the discrepancy between the threshold values of two kinds of satellites, the following four parameters have been analyzed under the condition of daytime/nighttime and fog/clear-sky, utilizing their simultaneous observations over the Seoul metropolitan area: brightness temperature at $3.7{\mu}m$, the temperature at $11{\mu}m,\;the\;T_{3.7-11}$ for day and night, and the $R_{0.65}$ for daytime. The parameters show significant correlations (r<0.5) in spatial distribution between the two kinds of satellites. The discrepancy between their infrared thresholds is mainly due to the disagreement in their spatial resolutions and spectral bands, particularly at $3.7{\mu}m$. Fog detection from GOES-9 over the nine airport areas except the Cheongju airport has revealed accuracy of 60% in the daytime and 70% in the nighttime, based on statistical verification. The accuracy decreases in foggy cases with twilight, precipitation, short persistence, or the higher cloud above fog. The sensitivity of radiance and reflectance with wavelength has been analyzed in numerical experiments with respect to various meteorological conditions to investigate optical characteristics of the three channels.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.136-143
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• 2006

The respiratory gating radiation therapy which Irradiates only in the stable respiratory period with analyzing the periodic motion of a reflective marker on the patient's abdomen has been applied to the precise radiation treatment in order to minimize the effect of organ motion induced by the respiration. This respiratory gating system establishes irradiation region using the amplitude-based or phase-based method. Although phase-based method Is preferred because of the stability in the real treatment conditions, it has some limits to explain the exact correlation between the marker motion and organ motion. Even when the variation of amplitude which can introduce target motion considered as an error is produced, the phase-based method has the possibility to irradiate including the error positions. In this study, the error analysis program was developed for the verification of the tumor position's variation correlated with the variation of marker's amplitude which can be occurred during a phase-based respiratory sating treatment. The analysis program was tested with a virtual treatment record file and with a record file using moving phantom which were modified considering the irregular amplitude's variation simulating the real clinical situations. In both cases, accurate discrimination of error points and error calculation were produced. When the treatment record files of a real patient were analyzed with the program, the accurate recognition and calculation of the error points were also verified. The analysis program developed in this study will be applied as a useful tool for the analysis of errors due to the irregular variation of patients' respiration during the phase-base respiratory gating radiation treatment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.97-110
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• 1973

The goal of modern nursing is to provide comprehensive nursing care to patients. If comprehensive nursing care to children (within the hospital setting) is to be provided, consideration of the stage of growth and development of the child is especially important. From clinical observation, it appeared that nurses often disregarded individual requirements of children in giving nursing care. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to show that comprehensive nursing care which is based on an understanding of the growth and development of the child contributes to both the child and the mother's adaptability to the child's hospitalization. Method: Sixty children, three to three year of age, hospitalized at the Yonsei University Pediatric Ward ware studied. From April 1, 1973 to May 5, 1973, children admitted to the hospital were assigned to either an experimental or a compare groups. There were 30 children in each group. The sex and age of the children in each group was similar. In both groups were more male than female children. In the experimental group, each mother stayed with hot child continuously during his hospitalization. In the compare groups, the mother or some other member of the family stayed with the child. Each day on the child's admission the investigator visited the ward from 1-2 P.M. to 9-10 P.M., in order to provide comprehensive care for the experimental -group. The assistance given the nurses by the investigator was in the form of conferences regarding care and in giving direct care to the child and his mother. The compare group of children received nursing care as usually provided by the hospital. The instruments used to obtain the data for analysis were as follows: 1. The fear and anxiety reaction of the child was recorded by observation of the investigator for four areas: 1) separation from parent and relatives 2) reaction to Doctor and Nurse with white gowns 3) reaction to nursing care 4) reaction to injection and tests, etc. 2. Regression in area of eating, sleeping, and elimination were recorded by the investigator by questioning the mother and by observation. 3. Adaptability to the hospitalization was recorded by direct questioning of the children for areas of emotional and social adjustment. For children older than 3 years of age or children not seriously ill, using the simple I. Q. test this was possible for only 35 of the total 60 children. Result: 1. 55 percents of the total 60 children had been prepared by their parents for hospitalization. The children who had received prior preparation accepted hospitalization more readily than those who had received no preparation. (χ²=4.6 Ρ<0.05) 2. On admission 31.7 percent of the children expressed verbal fear of their discase or treatment. 25 percent felt that the disease was due to their mistake. 3. There was a significant difference in the reaction of the child to separation from the parent or relatives between the two groups. The experimental groups showed less anxiety due to separation than the compare group. (χ²=4.34 Ρ<0.05) In both groups there was less anxiety due to separation among school age (6-12 years) children than among preschool age (3-5 years) children. (χ²=9.22 Ρ<0.05) 4. More than half of the children in both groups reacted with fear and avoidance to doctor and/or nurses wearing white gowns. (χ²=0.06 Ρ<0.05) 5. The experimental group reacted more favorably to nursing in general than the compare group. (χ²=4.8 Ρ<0.05) 6. There was no difference in the fear and refused reaction to special tests and/or such as X-rays and injections, etc. between the groups. (χ²=3.77 Ρ<0.05) 7. More children in the compare group showed regressive tendencies in eating, sleeping, and elimination habits than in experimental groups. (χ²=2.3 Ρ<0.05 χ²=3.88 Ρ<0.05 χ²=4.9 Ρ<0.05) 8. There was a significant difference in the adaptability to hospitalization between the two groups. The experimental groups adapted more readily. (χ²=2.02 Ρ<0.05) 9. For children who had higher I.Q. s the adaptability to hospitalization was better regardless of the group. (χ²=5.03 Ρ<0.05) However, because of the small number of cases (60), this finding cannot be extrapolated without further verification. The date demonstrates that there was a greater adaptability to hospitalization by the child when comprehensive nursing care was given. By planning care and applying knowledge of growth and development to meet, nurses are in a position to prevent some of the psychological trauma associated with hospitalization.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.129-143
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• 2018

When consulting with senior service user or his or her family members, employees of senior welfare facilities face a vertical relationship due to age rather than a horizontal relationship. Despite few cases reported, service users and the families afflict physical and mental pain on the employees through irrational demands, physical abuses, and verbal abuses. In particular, the Korean society has advocated the notion of respecting elders and thus emphasized members of society to provide unconditional support to those of old age. In reality, however, people who work at senior welfare facilities report the difficulty of providing supports to heavy demands in selfish complaints that are often impossible to fulfill. Starting from May 2018, there has been a petition to the Korean Blue House, seeking protective measures for 'Senior welfare facility professions who are exposed to violence'. The study conduct researches on the effect of job stress on the organizational commitment for senior welfare facility employees from suffering emotional labor. Furthermore, it also aims to point the difficulties that the professions face and the solutions that alleviate the conflicts between the rights of services users of senior welfare facilities and its staffs. The study surveyed 178 staffs who work in senior welfare facilities in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province as its research method. The collected data was analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0 to derive the general characteristics of the sample, reliability, feasibility analysis, correlation analysis, and verification of the research hypothesis. The study was able to conclude the following: First, the frequency of emotional expression of senior welfare facility staffs had negative(-) influences on job stress. Second, the incongruity of emotions of senior welfare facility staffs had negative(-) influences on job stress. Third, the incongruity of emotions of senior welfare facility staffs had negative (-) influences on job stress. Fourth, the job stress showed mediating effects between emotional labor factors and organizational commitment

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2010

This study was conducted to provide a method for fire suppression in a central area inside the roof of a wooden cultural property using a gas extinguishing apparatus, which is used as one of fire suppression methods with view to preventing valuable wooden properties inherited from ancestors from being destructed by fire. For a wooden property, it is very difficult to suppress fire when combustion spreads to a central area inside its roof, so it is impossible to put out a fire without destructing it. Such a fire fighting apparatus as a sprinkler, etc., installed in modern structures, is very effective, but the possibility of damaging a cultural property is highly probable after installment and operation, which leads to its low adaptability to a wooden property. Thus, the necessity of developing a fire suppress ion apparatus was raised to minimize the said problem and to obtain the desired results, and the need of making a plan on the installment was also raised based on the results of a test whose validity was proven. The central area inside a roof is a traditional - architectural style which is found in Korean wooden structures only, so it is impossible to discover similar cases in foreign countries. For this reason, this study was conducted to verify the effectiveness by developing a fixed fire suppression apparatus designed considering the speed and effectiveness in fire suppression. This study was sequentially carried out in the following steps. First, a frame for this study was made and the specific plan on a fire suppression method was established. Then, a fire suppression apparatus was installed. In the first step, the effectiveness for fire suppression was tested by installing valve open - punched - main water pores, and in the second step, the same effectiveness was tested by valve opened - punched - injection ports. For a wooden property similar to "Sungnyemun"(Gate of Exalted Ceremonies), its central area of the roof decides whether the fire suppression is successful or not, so the opinions on how to put out a fire were presented in this study, and thus the objective data to establish a method on fire suppression in a wooden structure(cultural property) was secured. Lastly, a scientific verification in the effectiveness for fire suppression measures was presented by installing a gas - fixed fire suppression apparatus.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.95-113
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the state of the dental health of adults, used self-reporting qestionnaire as objects of 923 residents living in nine districts at random among the sites of eleven town located in a County. The level of knowledge on dental health of adults in a County was 65.6 points out of 100 points, comparatively low. Accodingly, it is necessary for entire adults to have a dental health-related education and get high standard of knowledge. Especially, educational approach should be performed for groups of 40-49 years old, 50-59 years old, above 60 years old, male, no educational background, having only elementary and middle school education, not having any jobs, engaging in agriculture, doing business on their own and so on. When planning the contents of health education, one actually has to include the habit of amalgam, the factor in influencing on dental health as well as show an example such as how to brush teeth, checking point of proper brushing, how to grip toothbrush. The attitude score related to dental heath was 71.2 points out of 100 points, relatively low. Consequently, the change of attitude related the dental health among entire adults is necessary, particularily, the strategical approach is essential to change dental health connected to attitude positively for groups of male, having high school education background, office workers and the civil service. Besides, among dental health related symtoms, more that 30-40％ of objects showed negative attitude toward as the following cases; in case that plaque or food debris are attached to the teeth (40.8％), upper and lower teeth do not fit together(40.3％), you cannot sleep well because of toothache(31.0％), more than one tooth fall out(31.0％), you have loosing teeth(30.6％), the approach should be conducted to form attitude that dental care is necessry. The state of dental health through dental health related symtoms was 33.3 points out of 100 points, which was fairly satisfactory. However, dental treatment for the state of dental health should be executed in case of comparison of the dental health state according to general characteristics, the group who are above 60 years old, have elementary school education background, engage in aggriculture who are not good in dental health state as opposed to other groups. Furthermore, there should be dental care needs according to dental health related symtoms, particularly, more than 60-70％ of objects have experienced symtoms that plaque or food debris attached to the teeth, tartar is on the teeth so dental treatment should be peformed for a large number of adults. In addition, for the people who have indications that there was a cavity, more than one tooth loss, chilled teeth, toothache when chewing, loose teeth, upper and lower teeth do not fit together, you cannnt sleep well due to the toothach, etc, there should be care through dental treatment. The actual conditions of the hygine of the mouth was relatively good and the difference of the actual state of dental health care in terms of general characteristics showed in only gender; female was more careful in dental health. Comparing the state of oral health synthetically, when they have symtoms, only 34.8％ of objects go to a dentist, 60.7％ are using passive or negative care such as gargling, tolerating or ignoring. There was many symtoms to care through dental therapy such as plaque or food debris get in between the teeth, tartar on the teeth, teeth are very cold, more than one tooth fallout, loose teeth, there is wrong amalgam, and so on, among symtoms to care passively or negatively. Therefore the education for proper treatment program should be performed. As a result of dental health-related knowlege, attitude, health state, verification of correlation between the actual condition of care, the higher the dental heath-related knowldege becomes, the more positive the dental health-related attitude is, and the state of dental health, that is, the standard of the symtom of dental health diminishes. the care for dental health executed through more active method and the more positive dental health-related attitude is, the more active means they performed. Consequently, the high level of dental health-related knowledge should be necessary, the more positive the dental health-related attitude was, the more active method they adopted, therefore, the program is needed to form attitude related to the dental health positively. As the knowledge on dental health is increasing, the attitude is also positive, after all, the plan to increase the standard of knowledge on dental health should be contrived through education program related to dental health.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

This study was aimed to solve the problems of current national genetic evaluation systems in Korea and its development to pass the verification processes as required by International Bull Evaluation Service (Interbull). This will enable Korea to participate in international genetic evaluation program. A total of 1,416,589 test-day milk records with calving dates used in this study were collected by National Agricultural Cooperative Federation from 2001 to 2009. Parity was limited up to fifth calving and milk production records were adjusted to cumulative 305 day lactation. The pedigree consisted of 2,279,741 animals where 2,467 bulls had 535,409 parents. A newly developed multiple trait model was used in calculation of breeding values for milk yield, milk fat, and protein yield. Data were edited with SAS (version 9.2) and R programs, and genetic parameters were estimated using VCE 6.0. Results showed a continuous increase in genetic potentials, in general, and no remarkable differences were found between performances by parity. Except fat yield, potentials in milk yield and protein yield were well calculated. We found an increased number of daughters per each top ranked 1,000 bulls in recent years of calf births compared to the cases of previous evaluations. Of the bulls ranked top 100 by our new models (multiple-trait models) we found that increased numbers of bulls were included. Of twenty eight bulls born in 2006, twenty bulls born in 2007 and eight bulls born in 2008 that were listed by new models, only 23, 12, and 2 bulls born in respective years were represented on top 100 by old single-trait models. Re-ranking of the daughters or sires by multiple-trait models suggest that this new multiple trait approach should be used for dairy cattle genetic evaluation and seed-stock selection in the future to increase the accuracy of multiple trait selection. Breeding values for these traits should also be calculated by new method for international genetic evaluation.