• 혜화의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

Subject : Kim hong-kyung(金洪卿)'s view of eight extra meridians Object : Kim hong-kyung has not only deeply studied Saam acupuncture but also the function and characteristics of extra meridian at the same time. Especially, he has tried the study to connect yin yang wei qiao mai(陰陽維蹻脈) with Lee je-ma(李濟馬)'s four trigram constitution theory, therefore the author felt the need to make public the theory and started reserch on the theory. Method : I researched the physiological properties of extra meridians through the past eastern medical literature, I reported on the types of people to show well the properties of extra meridians gathering Kum-oh's verbal explanation when I had classes from him. Result : Kum-oh Kim hong-kyung defined meridians as passways of consciousness and feeling, he interpreted 12 meridians and extra meridians with the view of mind, which has very important meanings in the history of acupuncture in the point of first trial to interpret meridians from this view. He explained Ren mai(任脈) and Du mai(督脈) are meridians which show clearly properties of yin-yang to appear trusts of affirmation and distrusts of denial in the mind, as Ren(任) means entrusting and Du(督) means supervising in English. He explained Chong mai(衝脈) is the meridian representing impulsive man that has a meaning of impulse as being suggested the name of Chong mai, because Chong mai is borrowed from Foot shao yin kidney meridian(足少陰腎經). Dai mai(帶脈) is the meridian representing the characteristics of woman that has a meaning of binding as being suggested from the name of Dai mai which acts when people have something on their flank or they are pregnant, because Dai mai borrowed from Foot shao yang gall bladder meridian. He thought that four trigram divided from yin and yang is innate trigram, so Yang wei mai(陽維脈), Yin wei mai(陰維脈), Yang qiao mai(陽蹻脈), Yin qiao mai(陰蹻脈) among extra meridians have connections with Tai-yang ren(太陽人), Tai-yin ren(太陰人), Shao-yin ren(少陰人), Shao-yang ren(少陽人) of Four trigram constitution theory respectively which was created by Lee je-ma. He explained yang means opponents and wei(維) means binding. Yang wei mai is the meridian to be active when opponents bind or intervene in you, also the meridian is well active to the people who easily criticize others who are rude, to the people who well refuse restraints from organization. Because he explained yin means me and wei(維) means binding. Yin wei mai is the meridian to be active when I bind and intervene in opponents. He also state that the meridian is easily active to the people who have a tendency to gather people and make party apparatus by nature. He explained Yang qiao mai is the meridian to be active in the situation that people are waiting for others to bridge gap because yang means opponents and qiao(蹻) which has a meaning of standing on one's tiptoes means bridging gap between people. He also state the meridian is easily active to Shao yin ren who has a tendency to be passive, to easily settle down and not to move by nature. He explained Yin qiao mai is the meridian to be active in the situation that I bridge gap between me and others to make friends, because yin means me and qiao(蹻) which has a meaning of standing on one's tiptoes means bridging gap between me and others. He also state the meridian is easily active to Shao yang ren who is active in every business and who has remarkable ability to make friends. Conclusion : Kim hong-kyung stated the physiological properties of extra meridians as below. Ren mai is the meridian representing positive confidence which is easily active when people have a mind to trust others, Du mai is the meridian representing negative distrust which is easily active when people have doubts. Chong mai is the meridian representing the characteristics of man that has impulsive characteristics. Dai mai is the meridian representing the characteristics of woman to be easily active when she is pregnant. Yang wei mai has close connections with Tai-yang ren who has a tendency to refuse restraints from others and to criticize on opponent's remarks and behaviors that are wrong. Yin wei mai has close connections with Tai-yin ren, as the meridian is active in the situation that people enjoy restraining and intervening in others. Yang qiao mai has close connections with Shao yin ren, as the meridian is active to the people who are negative and passive by nature. Yin qiao mai has close connections with Shao yang yin who has a strong tendency to make friends easily by nature.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 부모가 지각한 유아 영재의 영재적 특성과 연령에 따른 발달상 변화를 알아보고자 만 30개월부터 6세 10개월까지 유아영재교육을 받고 있는 148명 유아 영재아동을 대상으로 하여 30개월부터 47개월까지, 48개월부터 60개월까지 및 60개월부터 6개 10개월까지를 유아 1, 2, 3 집단으로 세분화하여 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 첫째, 부모에 의해 유아영재를 확인하고 발견할 수 있는 두드러진 영재적 특성이 있으며, 주요 특성들로는 ‘우수한 기억력’, ‘호기심이 많다’, ‘2살에 숫자를 읽고 이해한다’, ‘학습의 즐거움과 학습 동기가 강하다’, ‘주의집중이 강하고 길다’, ‘책읽기를 선호한다’, ‘수준높은 언어를 사용한다’, ‘기발한 생각을 한다’, ‘어렵거나 왜라는 질문이 많다’, ‘자신에게 만족하며 독립적이다’ 등으로서 거의 인지적 특성들이었다. 둘째, 어린 유아에서부터 학령전기 유아까지 영재적 특성이 비슷하게 나타나지만, 유아의 연령이 많아질수록 영재적 특성의 강도가 증가하고 뚜렷해지는 경향성을 띄었다. 셋째, 어린 유아에서 나타나는 영재적 특성과 학령전기 유아단계에서 나타나는 영재적 특성간에는 일부 항목에서 뚜렷한 변화를 보였다. 일부 특성은 연령이 높아질수록 점차 줄어들지만, 일부 특성은 연령이 높아질수록 점차 증가하는 모습을 보였다. 이러한 연구결과는 부모의 주관적 지각임에도 불구하고 유아영재 판별과정에서 중요한 정보원으로 신뢰롭게 사용할 수 있는 유아영재의 두드러진 특징이 있으며, 이런 정보를 사용할 때는 유아의 세부적인 연령을 고려할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.동안에는 urokinase가 동일 농도 하에서 강한 활성을 보인 반면, 2시간이 지난 오랜 반응조건에서는 pro-urokinase가 혈전용해활성을 나타내었다. Fibrinogen에 대한 분해활성을 조사한 결과, urokinase는 혈장 내 fibrinogen을 상당히 손상시키지만, pro-urokinase는 거의 영향을 주지 않아 혈전선택성이 매우 좋음을 알 수 있었다.고 빠르게 판단할 수 있을 것이다. 단백질 재접힘 과정에서 이러한 개념의 성공적 도입은 단백질 회수 수율을 높임으로써 생물분리공정 분야의 기술 발전에 이바지 하리라 사료된다.$^{\circ}C$에서는 60분동안 효소활성이 거의 상실되지 않았다. 정제된 효소는 ethanol과 chloroform 처리에는 안정하였으나 12mM AT 와 0.1mM $NaN_3$ 및 1mM KCN에 의해 90% 이상의 활성이 억제되었다.이에 근거하여 서울시 학생들($7{\sim}18$세)의 만성신부전증 유병률은 1백만명당 5.7명으로 추정되었다. 결론 : 서울시내 학생들 중 11세, 14세, 17세 3개 군에서 한 번 검사로 확인된 무증상 단백뇨의 유병률은 0.28%(약 2.8명/1,000명)이었고 이들중 약 5%만이 3차검사에서 신질환이 의심되었으며 이에 따른 신질환 유병률은 1만명당 1.4명이었다. $7{\sim}18$세 연령층에서 무증상으로 발생하는 사구체 신질환 중에는 IgA 신병증의 유병률이 가장 높아 1만명당 0.64명으로 추정되었고 만성신부전증의 유병률은 1백만명당