• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2018

Objective: To determine if the provision of visual biofeedback using real-time rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) enhances the acquisition and retention of diaphragm muscle recruitment during exercise. Design: Two group pretest posttest design. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to the verbal feedback group (VG, n=15) or the visual and verbal feedback group (VVG, n=15). The VG performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback, and the VVG also performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback and visual feedback with the use of RUSI to measure changes in diaphragm thickness (DT). For DT, the mid-axillary lines between ribs 8 and 9 on both sides were measured in standing, and then the chest wall was perpendicularly illuminated using a linear transducer with the patients in supine to observe the region between rib 8 and 9 and to obtain 2-dimensional images. DT was measured as the distance between the two parallel lines that appeared bright in the middle of the pleura and the peritoneum. After one week, three repetitions (follow-up session) were performed to confirm retention effects. Intra- and between- group percent changes in diaphragm muscle thickness were assessed. Results: In the VVG, the intervention value had a medium effect size compared to the baseline value, but the follow-up value decreased to a small effect size. In the between-group comparisons, during the intervention session, the VVG showed no significant effect on percent change of DT but had a medium effect size compared to the VG (p=0.050, Cohen's d=0.764). During the follow-up session, retention effect did not persist (p=0.311, Cohen's d=0.381). Conclusions: RUSI can be used to provide visual biofeedback and improve performance and retention in the ability to activate the diaphragm muscle in healthy subjects. Future research needs to establish a protocol for respiratory intervention to maintain the effect of diaphragmatic breathing training using RUSI with visual feedback.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.487-496
• /
• 2001

In a 7th graders' cooperative science class, verbal behaviors were categorized and their relationships with the improvement of learning strategies used. motivation, and attitudes were investigated. Students' perceptions of cooperative learning were also studied by the achievement level. Verbal behaviors in cooperative learning were positively related with the improvement of monitoring and organization strategies used, self-efficacy, and attitude toward science class. In the analyses of students' perceptions of cooperative learning, medium- and low-achieving students had positive perceptions but some high-achieving students had negative ones. In the aspect of effectiveness of cooperative learning, especially, medium- and low-achieving students perceived that they could learn more and better due to verbal interactions with peers. To be contrary, high-achieving students perceived that they learned less and superficially.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.353-363
• /
• 2000

In this study, discourse patterns of four peer small groups in learning science concepts were examined. Verbal interactions during small group discussions were audio- and video-taped, transcribed, and analyzed. Three coding frameworks for the levels of turns, interaction units, and episodes were developed. In the analyses of turns, no clear relationships between students' prior achievements and contributions to knowledge building processes were found. Partly participating modes and symmetrical interaction modes were dominant in the analyses of interaction units to suggest that some students did not participate actively in small group discussions and that students' verbal interactions were superficial. The analyses of episodes also indicated that agreeing and/or partial elaborating on group members' ideas were the most frequent patterns and dialectical exchanges were rare in small group discussion.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.411-420
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate how many students understood the analogies for physics concepts used in middle school science textbooks, and which types of analogies they understood better than others. We classified the analogies into the following 4 types: verbal and simple analogy, verbal and enriched analogy, pictorial and simple analogy, and pictorial and enriched analogy. For the study, 46 students were sampled from a middle school in Ulsan city in Korea, and a tool for testing their understanding of analogies were developed. The tool is composed of 8 items, and its face validity about contents and difficulty was verified by 5 experts. It was found that in average only about 50% of the students understood the analogies in the middle school science textbooks averagely, and that the students understood pictorial and simple analogies better than the other types of analogies.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.216-230
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analysis on the Stress Response Inventory(SRI) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) of some dysmenorrhoea patients. Methods: We studied 34 patients visiting OO Medical Center from May 2007 to November 2007. And the severity of dysmenorrhoea were measured by Multidimensional Verbal Rating scale(MVRS), Verbal Rating scale (VRS) and Visual Analog Scale(VAS). And SRI and HRV were recorded. Results: According to comparison of Means of HRV values among the groups, most of them were not statistically significant. But the comparison of Means of SRI, the points of almost all values were kept by order of Severe-Moderate-Mild-None group. Most of them are statistically significant. According to correlation analysis between dysmenorrhoea scale and HRV, most of them were not statistically significant. But the correlation analysis between HRV and SRI, there were some correlations. And the correlation analysis between SRI and dysmenorrhoea scale, most of them were statistically significant. According to General Linear Model of Dysmenorrhoea $scale^{\ast}SRI$ and HRV. Dysmenorrhoea scale and SRI influenced values of HRV. But it is hard to conclude the relationship between Dysmenorrhoea $scale^{\ast}SRI$ and HRV Conclusion: The results suggest that stress is related to dysmenorrhoea. But the relation between dysmenorrhoea and HRV was hard to conclude. We need more study for settling the relation between dysmenorrhoea and HRV.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.194-203
• /
• 2008

Objectives : This study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between somatic symptoms, depression, anxiety and cognitive function in the patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury(MTBI). Methods : Thirty seven patients with MTBI were selected from those patients who had visited the Department of Neuropsychiatry of Wonkwang University Hospital from 2003 to 2007. To assess and quantify the somatic symptoms, depression and anxiety, Personality Assessment Inventory(PAI) was used. Assessment of cognitive function was carried out by using Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(K-WAIS), Rey-Kim Memory Test, and Kims Executive Function Test. The effects of somatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety on the cognitive function were evaluated by Pearson correlation test. Results : Somatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety, all showed inverse correlation to cognitive function. Specifically, 1) an increase in somatic symptoms was associated with a decrease in attention, verbal short term memory, verbal recall and recognition, and visual memory. 2) An increase in anxiety was associated with a decrease in verbal recall and recognition. 3) An increase in depression was associated with a decrease in cognitive function that requires high attention and verbal memory. Conclusion : The patients with MTBI displayed diverse symptoms ranging from cognitive impairment to somatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Somatic and emotional symptoms were correlated with cognitive function(especially executive function). Importantly, this study raises the possibility of treating the cognitive impairment associated with MTBI by treating somatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 2005

This study compared cerebral lateralization index based on the area of neural activation with that based on the intensity of neural activation. For this purpose, 8 right-handed male college students (the mean age - 23.5 years) and 10 right-handed male college students (the mean age - 25.1 years) participated respectively in researches on visuospatial and verbal task brain function. Functional brain images were taken from 3T MRI using the single-shot EPI method. The result of measuring cerebral lateralization index based on the area of neural activation suggested that the right hemisphere is dominant in visuospatial tasks and the left one is in verbal tasks. However, the dominance is not sufficient to locate the exact part of the brain for these tasks. When cerebral lateralization index was computed based on the intensity of neural activation, it was derived that the area of cerebral lateralization closely related to visuospatial tasks is the superior parietal lobe, and the area of cerebral lateralization closely related to verbal tasks is the inferior and middle frontal lobes. Thus, cerebral lateralization index by area based on the intensity of neural activation as proposed by this study can determine the dominance of the cerebrum by area, so is helpful for accurate and quantitative determination of cerebral lateralization.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.399-408
• /
• 2002

According to the improvement in quality of life and the progress of user's taste in this modern society, people great deal with the symbolic meaning of product which express user's self-concept(image). Therefore, this kind of information of users' image is needed to deal importantly for the product design development processes, particularly, the early stage of design development such as the concept design development stage. But, there is not much analysis tools which deal qualitative data of users for the design development. From this reason, the supply of information of user's image through the development of verbal analysis method of user's self-concept will help a designer. For this purpose, this study not only developed the twenty-one factors in order to evaluate user's self-concept, but also suggested that the new approach method that can classify user's group within the same characteristic of user's image using the twenty-one developed verbal measurement items with tools of statistical analysis for the design direction of product. The developed this verbal analysis tool was testified through the case study in this research work.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.136-146
• /
• 1998

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of PTSD on memory function, to investigate the difference of memory function between PTSD and non-PTSD patients, and to identify major variables correlated to PTSD scale and Memory Assessment Scale. Methods: The authors used PTSD-scale(Mississippi scale and Combat Exposure Scale) for measuring PTSD severity. And, Beck Depression Inventory was also used. Memory assessment scale was assessed by well trained psychologist. Thirty one Vietnam veterans who had been hospitalized were collected consecutively. These patients were evaluated by psychiatrists with interview and measurement for fifteen months since March, 1997. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and the stastistic methods used for analysis Chi-square, t-test, and Pearson's correlation. Results : 1) There were significant differences in short-term memory and verbal memory between PTSD and non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans. 2) Mississippi scale and Combat Exposure Scale were negatively correlated to short-term memory and verbal memory(Pearson's correlation). 3) Religion status was a significant variable between PTSD and non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans. 4) There is no significant difference in visual memory and total memory scale between PTSD and Non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans Conclusions : Neuropsychological changes were found in the posttraumatic stress disorder. There were significant differences in short-term memory and verbal memory between PTSD and non-PTSD in Vietnam veterans. Mississippi scale and Combat Exposure Scale were negatively correlated to short-term memory and verbal memory. We suggest that neuropsychological test might be used for an objective assessment of patients with the combat related PTSD and be considered helpful in the assessment of patients with the diagnosis. And we also suggest rehabilitation strategies would be used to compensate for memory deficits in PTSD patients.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.8
• /
• pp.897-910
• /
• 2012

Inappropriate communications can cause a lack of necessary information exchange between operators and lead to serious consequences in large process systems such as nuclear power plants (NPPs). In this regard, various kinds of taxonomies of inappropriate communications have been developed to prevent inappropriate communications. However, there seems to be difficult to identify inappropriate communications from verbal protocol data between operators. Because the existing taxonomies were developed for use in report analysis, there is a problem of 'uncertainty'. In consequence, this paper proposes a new taxonomy of inappropriate communications and provides some insights to prevent inappropriate communications. In order to develop the taxonomy, existing taxonomies for four industries from 1980 to 2010 were collected and a new taxonomy is developed based on the simplified one-way communication model. In addition, the ratio of inappropriate communications from 8 samples of audio-visual format verbal protocol data recorded during emergency training sessions by operating teams is compared with performance scores calculated based on the task analysis. As a result, inappropriate communications can be easily identified from the verbal protocol data using the suggested taxonomy, and teams with a higher ratio of inappropriate communications tend to have a lower performance score.