• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-66
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• 2007

Error analysis plays an important role because understanding the types of errors can give a better opportunity for both teachers and learners to recognize the nature of errors and ways of preventing them. This study looks into errors in the medical research abstracts written by 26 Koreans and also examines hedging expressions since hedging can be a necessary tactic in which the validity and objectivity of their claims is conveyed. The hedging expressions of these research abstracts are to be compared with those of Hyland (1996)'s study done on ENL academic writers of cell and molecular biology. The results of the study reveal that wrong word choice was the most commonly occurred errors, followed by prepositions, articles, adding and missing words. Many of these errors, except articles, seemed to derive from the native language interference. There were also run-on sentences, subject & verb agreement, tense, word order and minor errors. As for hedging, ESL medical writers seemed to use very limited hedging expressions and inappropriately strong modals. It is recommended to take variations of hedges using epistemic adverbials and adjectives to present their claims in a more valid and polite way. Limited verb choice was also noted. As for preventing or minimizing similar future errors, collocation practices in ESP focused on commonly used medical related words and expressions can be effective.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.9
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• pp.89-107
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• 2004

Wir benutzen den Ausgangsbereich und Zielbereich, um den $Proze{\ss}der$ Metaphorisierung zu $erkl\"{a}ren$. Die Bedeutungen eines Wortes besteht aus einer $w\"{o}rtlichen$ Bedeutung und verschiedenen phraseologischen Bedeutungen, die wieder aus lexikalisierten Wort-Metaphern und neuen Wort-Metaphern bestehen. Welche Bedeutung davon realisiert wird, $h\"{a}ngt$ von der lexikalischen Umgebung des Textes, $n\"{a}mlich$ yon der semantischen Valenz des Verbs ab. Wenn man das Verb backen auf Brot bezieht, bleibt das noch eine $w\"{o}rtliche$ Bedeutung, $w\"{a}hrend$ dassel be Verb, wenn man es auf Doktor, Ehepaar oder Berufseinsteiger bezieht, zu einer metaphorischen und phraseologischen Bedeutung wird. Eine metaphorische (=phraseologische) Bedeutung wird bei allen untersuchten Beispielen durch die verschiedene semantische Valenz von der $w\"{o}rtlichen$ Bedeutung und auch von anderen phraseologischen Bedeutungen unterschieden. Es ist auch $m\"{o}glich$, dass jeder eine Phraseologie anders $einsch\"{a}tzt$, zum Beispiel einer $k\"{o}nnte$ frisch gebackener Doktor zu lexikalisierten Wort-Metaphern rechnen, $w\"{a}hrend$ ein anderer denselben Ausdruck zu neuen Wort-Metaphern mit $(\"{U})$ rechnen wurde. Neue Metaphern werden immer wieder erfunden von Autoren, urn die poetische Ausdruckskraft zu $erh\"{o}hen$, denn veraltete Metaphern haben nicht mehr soleh einen starken Effekt wie eine frisch erfundene neue Metapher.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.251-266
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• 2002

This paper aims to compare and analyse the pattern of the pitch accent realization between the English native speakers and the .Korean speakers, using the sentences by the scope of focus including intransitive verbs; unaccusative, unergative, and passive, based on the previous studies. The results show that the English native speakers produce the intonational patterns similar to the previous study (Hoskins, 1996), which showed that English native speakers deaccented after the focused word for unaccusative and passive verbs in broad focus. Korean speakers, however, have a tendency not to deaccent after the focused word for both verbs. In the narrow subject focus condition, Koreans do not deaccent the verbs after the focused subject. In the narrow verb focus condition, they produce the pitch accent on verbs as the English native speakers do, but they tend to produce the pitch accent on subjects that should not be given any pitch accent. Therefore, unlike the English native speakers, the Korean speakers have a tendency not only that they do not produce three types of intransitive verbs with proper intonation, but also that they do not realize the focus structure itself properly.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.790-797
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• 2005

It is well-known that there are many similarities between Japanese and Korean language. For example, the order of words and the nature of the grammatical conjugation of both languages are almost the same. Another similarity is the frequent omission of the subject from a sentence. Moreover, both languages have honorific expressions and the identical concept for expressing nouns in terms of Chinese characters. Using these similarities, we have developed a word-to-word translation system which does away with any deep level analysis of syntactic and semantic structures of the two languages. If we use these similarities, the direct translation method is superior to the internal language translation method or transfer-based translation method. Although the MT system based on the direct translation method is more easily developed than the ones based on other methods, it may have a lot of difficulties when it tries to select the appropriate target word from ambiguous source verbs. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to extract the meaning of substantives and to make use of the order of the extracted meaning. We could select $86.5\%$ appropriate verbs in the sample sentences from IPAL-verb-dictionary. $13.5\%$ indicates the cases in which we could not distinguish the meaning of substantives. We are convinced, however, that the succeeding rate can be increased by getting rid of the meaning of verbs thatare not used so often.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.8
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• pp.369-387
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• 2006

Which syntactic function should we assign to the 'ga-type' constituent which occurs in the morphological passive constructions in Korean, [N0-neun N1-i Vpass-ending]? This problem is very important in two respects. First, a small change of status of the particle 'i/ga' can exert an overall influence on the Korean grammar. Second, the particle '-i/ga' cannot guarantee that 'ga-type' constituents are subject of the sentence, so that the concept of syntactic category should be distinguished from that of syntactic function. This paper claims that the analysis of sentence has long been focused on the structure of proposition, namely the argument structure and that the direction of analysis should be turned to the 'person structure' which can be revealed on the pragmatic level. On the basis of this, this paper suggests that the specific type of the morphological passive constructions in Korean, [N0-neun N1-i Vpass-ending] should be analysed in line with the psych-verb constructions and that the modal meaning 'potential' of the passive constructions is correlated with sentence pattern and 'person structure'.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.90.1-90.1
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• 2012

Understanding the dynamics of relativistic electron acceleration, loss, and transport in the Earth's radiation belt during magnetic storms is a challenging task. The U.S. National Science Foundation's Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) has identified five magnetic storms for in-depth study that occurred during the second half of the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) mission in the year 1991. In this study, we show the responses of relativistic radiation belt electrons to the magnetic storms by comparing the time-dependent 3-D Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB) simulations with the CRRES MEA 1 MeV electron observations in order to investigate the relative roles of the competing effects of previously proposed scattering mechanisms at different storm phases, as well as to examine the extent to which the simulations can reproduce observations. The major scattering processes in our model are radial transport due to Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) electromagnetic fluctuations, pitch-angle and energy diffusion including mixed diffusion by whistler mode chorus waves outside the plasmasphere, and pitch-angle scattering by plasmaspheric hiss inside the plasmasphere. We provide a detailed description of simulations for each of the GEM storm events.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.313-324
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• 2016

As building information modeling (BIM) is expanding its influence in various fields of architecture, engineering, construction and facility management (AEC-FM) industry, BIM-based automated code compliance checking has become possible prospects. For the automated code compliance checking, requirements in building code need to be processed into explicit representation that enables automated reasoning. This paper aims to develop high-level methods that translate verb phrases into explicit representation. The high-level methods represent conditions, properties, and related actions of the building objects and clarify the core content of the constraints. The authors analyze building permit requirements in Korea Building Code and establish a standardized process of deriving the high-level methods. As a result, 60 kinds of the high-level methods were derived. In addition, method classification, analysis, and application are introduced. This study will contribute to the representation of explicit building code sentences and establishment of the automated building permit system of Korea.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.37-49
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• 2001

Korean auxiliary verbs are often used in Korean sentences in spite of the small number of the auxiliary verbs, However. the incorrect processing of the verbs concept leads to the poor translation quality. To solve the problems of the auxiliary verb processing. the paper proposes a description of the auxiliary verbs based on Conceptual Graph (CG), For the description of the auxiliary verbs within CG. we first collect 40 Korean auxiliary verbs and example sentences from papers and a Korean dictionary, Next, we perform the analysis of the Korean auxiliary verbs through a classification: perfective, progressive, benefactive, attemptive, emphatic, desirable, retentive, and presumptive. Then we depict the eight meanings based on CG. In the experiment. the paper implements the program that translates sentences included in the auxiliary verbs into CG and explains the experimental results.

• Language and Information
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.155-183
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to explore the syntactic criteria for determining a secondary predicates as a predicate modifier or a conjunction, and to formalize the semantic aspects of the [-ke] structure as a predicate in Korean. Syntactically, the [-ke] structure is considered to be a secondary predicate when the shared arguments appear in both the [-ke] structure and the main verb structure. On the other hand, if they do not appear in both structures, the [-ke] structure is considered to be a connective element. Semantically the [-ke] structure has numerous aspects such as depictives, resultatives, objectivity, and emphasis. The depictives of the secondary predicate can be formalize as $p{\wedge}q$ where p represents a propositional expression of the secondary predicate and q is a propositional expression of the main verb. Resultatives have the logical form $q{\rightarrow}{\Box}p$, because the consequence has to always be true. However, objectivity has the logical form $q{\rightarrow}{\diamondsuit}p$, because the consequence can be either true or false. Emphasis is represented as $q{\rightarrow}p{\uparrow}$ because the secondary predicate represents the polarity of the event.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

This study investigates the cooccurrence between temporal adverbs and grammatical tenses in Spanish and contrasts temporal specifications across Spanish, English, and Chinese. Based on a monolingual Spanish corpus and a trilingual parallel corpus, the study identified the top ten frequent single-word temporal adverbs collocating with grammatical tenses in Spanish. It also contrasted the cooccurrence of temporal adverbs and verb tenses in three languages. The results show that aun 'still', hoy 'today', and ahora 'now' collocate with the present tense at more than 80%. Ayer 'yesterday' and finalmente 'finally' cooccurring with the simple past tense are at 84% and 69%, respectively. Then, mientras 'meanwhile' collocates with the past imperfect at 55%, the highest of all. Mañana 'tomorrow' cooccurs with the future and present tenses at 34%. Other adverbs, ya 'already', siempre 'always', and nuevamete 'again', do not present a strong cooccurrence tendency with a tense overall. The contrastive analysis of the trilingual parallel corpus shows a comprehensive view of temporal specifications in the three languages. However, no clear one-to-one mapping pattern of the cooccurrence across the three languages can be concluded, which provides helpful insights for second language instruction with natural language data rather than intuition. Future research with larger corpora is needed.