• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권E호
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• pp.397-400
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• 1993

The possible air pollution problems in a proposed underground highway are discussed using carbon monoxide (CO) as an indicator. Carbon monoxide concentrations in the underground highway depend on several factors, including the size of tunnel, the number of automobiles, the CO emission rate, and the tunnel ventilation rate. Using the estimated values, CO concentrations in the underground highway can be predicted. Without proper ventilation system, CO concentration in the underground highway can be dangerous level. However, the cost of operating the mandatory mechanical ventilation system may be tremendouslyy high and may be technically unrealistic to implement. If the underground highway is constructed with proper ventilation system, a continuous air pollution monitoring system with alarming function must be installed to alert personnel of serious air pollution built up in the underground highway. Traffic must be restricted, whenever the inside air pollution levels exceed agreed values. Short distances between evacuation exits are necessary for emergency situations or malfunction of ventilation system.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.793-801
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• 2002

The effects of ambient air temperature on the clothing ventilation were investigated numerically by a finite difference method. Numerical analysis using a 2-dimensional model comprising the air space between the skin and the clothing was conducted under the assumption that the clothing ventilation occurred only through the openings not through the fabric. The larger the temperature difference between the skin and the surroundings, the more apparent the thermal boundary layer As the ambient air temperature decreased, the air flow and the rate of the return of oxygen concentration to the atmosphere level in the clothing increased. Convection was dominant under low ambient air temperature, whereas conduction was dominant under high ambient air temperature. The ventilation rate was faster in the clothing microenvironment of the body part than that of the arm part.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1286-1295
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• 2000

The ventilation effectiveness is evaluated as a function of air exchange rate and supply / extract locations in a simplified model chamber using a tracer gas technique of CO$_2$ gas injected into a supply duct. Ventilation systems consist of supply and extract fans, a CO$_2$gas generator, a CO$_2$gas analyzer and a test chamber. The ventilation effectiveness is evaluated using a step-down method based on ASTM Standard E741-83. The room mean age of the model chamber is decreased with increasing air exchange rate fanged from 6to 10 air changes per hour. The ventilation effectiveness of the mechanical inlet/natural extract system is better than that of the mechanical extract system.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.312-317
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• 2005

Electric Multiple Unit is one of the major mass public transportation systems and passengers are under the influence of indoor air quality such as air temperature, relative humidity and concentration of CO2 gas. Therefore ventilation system of Electric Multiple Unit should be designed for both healthy and comfortable environments. We survey the optimal ventilation rate and the permissible CO2 concentration in the saloon with the consideration of the cooling and heating capacity and fresh air induced from tunnel.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.520-525
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• 2000

This research is to analyze the ventilation performance of mechanical ventilation systems for indoor air quality control and management. A ventilation performance with supply sites is evaluated in a test model chamber and office room. A $CO_2$ gas as a tracer gas is used to measure the ventilation performance. The ventilation performance is found to increase with increased the ventilation rate. The ventilation performance is analysed with 55% at the supply air of 570 lpm and with 20% at the supply air of 100 lpm in a test chamber. The ventilation performance is better than 15% comparing with natural decay at the supply of 570 lpm in office room.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.448-454
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• 2001

In the present study, the transient axi-symmetric numerical simulation of traffic ventilation induced by a train running through a 15.6km-long tunnel is performed by using over 100,000 computational cells. With train running, three cases of ventilation schemes are simulated, which are the case of ventilation fans turned on, the case of no fan but ventilation shafts open, and the case of no fan and no shaft. Results of the ventilation flow rate are pressure transients are compared for the cases considered.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2005

본 연구는 터널내 화재 발생시 종류식 환기가 연소율 변화에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 Froude scaling에 의해 1/20크기로 축소한 모형화재 실험을 수행하였다. 화원으로는 $8.5cm{\sim}14.5cm$의 메탄올을 사용하였으며 발열량은 $3.57{\sim}10.95kW$이다. 연소율은 로드셀을 이용하여 산출하였고, 연기거동을 파악하기 위하여 K형 열전대를 이용하여 온도분포를 측정하였다. 풍동은 터널의 한쪽부분과 연결하였고, 터널 공간의 배연속도를 제어하기 위하여 풍동의 전압을 조절하였다. 메탄올 화재인 경우 배연속도가 증가할수록 냉각효과로 인하여 연소율은 감소하였으며, 또한 같은 무차원속도(V)일때 화원 크기가 커짐에 따라 연소율은 감소하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2005

본 연구는 터널내 화재시 배연속도가 연소율 변화에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 Froude scaling에 의해 1/20 크기로 축소한 모형화재 실험을 수행하였다. 화원으로는 4.5cm~8.5cm의 헵탄을 사용하였으며 발열량은 3.71~15.6 kW이다. 연소율은 로드셀을 이용하여 산출하였고, 연기거동을 파악하기 위하여 K형 열전대를 이용하여 온도분포를 측정하였다. 풍동은 터널 상류 한쪽부분과 연결하였고, 터널 공간의 배연속도를 제어하기 위하여 풍동의 인버터를 조정하였다. 헵탄 풀화재인 경우 배연속도가 증가할수록 충분한 산소의 공급으로 연소율은 증가하였으며, 같은 무차원 속도($\bar{V}$) 일때 화원 크기가 작아짐에 따라 연소율은 증가하였다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.411-416
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• 2006

In this paper, we performed the experimental and numerical study on the thermal comfort(TC) and indoor air quality(IAQ) in the lecture room with a different airflow rate of the ventilation system and heating system for heating season. Through the experimental results, we found out that there was considerably difference of the PMV but there was little difference of $CO_2$ concentration with a different heating system. From a numerical results, the best operating condition was that discharge airflow rate of SAC is 29 CMM and supply airflow rate of the ventilation system is 1,200 CMH from a viewpoint of TC and IAQ.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2017

터널환기 계획시 소요환기량은 환기시설 용량을 결정하기 위한 중요한 인자이며, 소요환기량 산정을 위한 차종별 오염 물질 배출량(환기설계를 위한 기준배출량)은 현재 환경부에서 제시하는 '제작차 허용배출 기준'을 근거하여 산정하고 있다. 그러나, 2013년부터 환경부에서는 자동차에서 배출되는 오염물질을 산정하기 위한 규정으로 '자동차 총 오염물질 배출량 산정방법에 관한 규정'을 고시하고 이 규정에 '자동차 차종별 배출계수'를 제시하고 있다. 따라서 도로터널의 소요환기량 산정시 이를 적용하는 것에 대한 검토가 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 2015년 경유차량의 배출가스 조작사건 이후 자동차 배출가스 규제강화에 따라 터널의 소요환기량 산정에 미치는 영향을 검토하였으며, 최근 환경부에서 개정한 '제작차 허용배출량 기준'과 '자동차 차종별 배출계수'에 의한 소요환기량과 EURO 배출기준을 적용한 소요환기량을 비교 분석하였다. 또한 소요환기량 산정 근거에 따른 합리적인 환기시스템 용량결정을 위한 기초 설계자료를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.