• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2013

A new type axial flow fan with centrifugal sub-blades has been designed and fabricated in the present study. We investigated velocity and pressure distributions in downstream flow fields of the fan experimentally to detect the detailed flow characteristics of new axial flow fan and an existing axial flow fan. Two-dimensional velocity components were probed by applying a particle image velocimetry system and pressure distributions were measured by Pitot tube and micro-manometer. Our results show that the velocity and pressure distributions at the flow fields of the new fan are quite different from the existing fan, and that the centrifugal sub-blades in the new fan can improve the performance characteristics in view of kinetic energy.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

The turbulent flows in a tunnel mock-up($10L{\times}0.5W{\times}0.25H$ m3 : scale reduction 1/20) with rectangular cross section were investigated. The instantaneous velocity fields of Re = 49,029, 89,571 were measured by the 2-D PIV system which is consisted of double pulsed Nd:Yag laser and the tracer particles in the straight-duct mock-up where the flows were fully developed. The mean velocity profiles were taken from the ensemble averages of 1,000 instantaneous velocity fields. Simultaneously, numerical simulations(RANS) were performed to compare with experimental data using STREAM code. Non-linear eddy viscosity model (NLEVM : Abe-Jang-Leschziner Eddy Viscosity Model) was employed to resolve the turbulent flows in the duct. The calculated mean velocity profiles were well compared with PIV results. In the log-law profiles, the experimental data were in good agreement with numerical simulations all the way to the wake region except the viscous sub-layer (near wall region).

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.689-690
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• 2008

In the present study, a micro holographic PTV (HPTV) system was used to experimentally investigate the structure of 3D flow within a curved micro-tube with varying Dean number. The employed HPTV system incorporated a high-speed digital camera to measure the temporal evolution of the 3D velocity fields of micro-scale fluid flows. With increasing Dean number, flow in the curved tube is transformed from a steady flow to a secondary flow with two counter-rotating vortices. In this study, to analyze the 3D flow characteristics in the curved section of tube at a high Dean number, the trajectories of fluid particles were obtained experimentally using the whole 3D velocity field data obtained by the micro HPTV technique. The mean velocity field distribution was then obtained by ensemble averaging the instantaneous velocity fields. These results would be helpful in the design of various passages within micro-scale devices or micro-chips and in understanding the mixing phenomena that occur in curved conduits along the trajectories of fluid particles.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2000

This paper deals with the numerical and experimental study on the characteristics of the flow around a sunken vessel. Numerical simulation of the two dimensional steady flow on the midship section are carried out by the CFD code which is developed by using finite volume method and which includes the standard $textsc{k}$-$\varepsilon$ model with standard wall function. A experimental study is also carried out for the 1/100 scale model in circulating water channel. A velocity fields around the ship are measuremed by using particle image velocimetry technique. And the fluid forces acting on the ship hull by uniform current are measured by two axis load cell. The computed and measured velocity fields on the midship section are compared with each other in the view point of velocity dstribution and reattachement length, which shows good agreement in quality. The drag force on the vessel also showed the same tendency in both computational and experimental results. However, the quantitative disagreements are shown due to the three dimensional effect of the experiment. The result are used to determine the functional efficiency and stability of the vessel as a artificial reef.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.515-535
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• 2013

The present study aims to investigate characteristics of the flow structures around the Ahmed body by using both experimental and numerical methods. Therefore, 1/4 scale Ahmed body having $25^{\circ}$ slant angle was employed. The Reynolds number based on the body height, H and the free stream velocity, U was $Re_H=1.48{\times}10^4$. Investigations were conducted in two parts. In the first part of the study, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method was used to resolve the flow structures around the Ahmed body, numerically. In the second part of the study the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to measure instantaneous velocity fields around the Ahmed body. Time-averaged and instantaneous velocity vectors maps, streamline topology and vorticity contours of the flow fields were presented and discussed in details. Comparison of the mean and turbulent quantities of the LES results and the PIV results with the results of Lienhart et al. (2000) at different locations over the slanted surface and in the wake region of the Ahmed body were also given. Flow features such as critical points and recirculation zones in the wake region downstream of the Ahmed body were well captured. The spectra of numerically and experimentally obtained stream-wise and vertical velocity fluctuations were presented and they show good consistency with the numerical result of Minguez et al. (2008).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.790-798
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• 2008

Counter-rotating axial flow fan(CRF) consists of two counter-rotating rotors without stator blades. CRF shows the complex flow characteristics of the three-dimensional, viscous, and unsteady flow fields. For the understanding of the entire core flow in CRF, it is necessary to investigate the three-dimensional unsteady flow field between the rotors. This information is also essential to improve the aerodynamic characteristics and to reduce the aerodynamic noise level and vibration characteristics of the CRF. In this paper, experimental study on the three-dimensional unsteady flow of the CRF is performed at the design point(operating point). Flow fields in the CRF are measured at the cross-sectional planes of the upstream and downstream of each rotor using the $45^{\circ}$ inclined hot-wire. The phase-locked averaged hot-wire technique utilizes the inclined hot-wire, which rotates successively with 120 degree increments about its own axis. Three-dimensional unsteady flow characteristics such as tip vortex, secondary flow and tip leakage flow in the CRF are shown in the form of the axial, radial and tangential velocity vector plot and velocity contour. The phase-locked averaged velocity profiles of the CRF are analyzed by means of the stationary unsteady measurement technique. At the mean radius of the front rotor inlet and the outlet, the phase-locked averaged velocity profiles show more the periodical flow characteristics than those of the hub region. At the tip region of the CRF, the axial velocity is decreased due to the boundary layer effect of the fan casing and the tip vortex flow. The radial and the tangential velocity profiles show the most unstable and unsteady flow characteristics compared with other position of rotors. But, the phase-locked averaged velocity profiles of the downstream of the rear rotor show the aperiodic flow pattern due to the mixture of the front rotor wake period and the rear rotor rotational period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.50-54
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• 2000

The partical-image-velocimetry with liquid crystal tracers is used for visualizing and analysis of the bubbly flow in a vertical temperature gradient. This method allows simultaneous measurement of velocity and temperature flow fields at a given instant of time. Quantitative data of velocity were obtained by applying the MQD technique to visualized image. The paper describes the method, and presents the transient velocity patterns of bubbly flow.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.699-709
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• 2008

To understand the development mechanism of the aerosols in the surface boundary layer, the variation in the aerosol number concentration due to the divergence and convergence of the wind fields was investigated. The aerosol number concentration was measured in the size ranges of $0.3{\sim}10.0{\mu}m$ using a laser particle counter(LPC) from 0000 LST on 03 Feb. to 0600 LST on 07 Feb. 2004 at Mokpo in Korea during snowfall. The Velocity Azimuth Display(VAD) technique was used to retrieve the radar wind fields such as the horizontal wind field, divergence, and deformations including the vertical air velocity from a single Doppler radar. As a result, the distribution of the aerosol number concentration is apparently different for particles larger than $1{\mu}m$ during snowfall, and it has a tendency to increase at the beginning of the snowfall. The increase and decrease in the aerosol concentration due to the convergence and divergence of the wind fields corresponded to the particles with diameters greater than $1{\mu}m$. It is found that the fluctuations in the aerosol number concentration are well correlated with the development and dissipation of snowfall radar echoes due to the convergence and divergence of horizontal wind fields near the surface boundary layer in the inland during the snowfall.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 1994

The characteristics of flows, temperatures, concentrations of the boron are numerically studied when uniform axial magnetic fields are applied in the Czechralski crucible. The to governing factors to the flow regimes are buoyancy, thermocapillarity, centrifugal forces, magnetic forces, diffusion coefficient and segregation coefficient of the boron. Since the concentration of the boron is so low that buoyancy effects are negligible, it cannot affect the flow and temperature fields. From the fact that the flow fields are rotationally symmetric, two velocity components in the meridional plane and the circumferential velocity are calculated together with the temperature in the steady state. Based on the known velocity and temperature distributions the unsteady concentration distributions of the boron are calculated. As the strength of the magnetic is increased, the flow velocities are decreased. Circumferential velocities are large near the crucible side-wall and in the region below the rotating crystal. Steep temperatures gradient near the edge of the rotating crystal causes the Marangoni convection. It has been found out that the convection characteristics affects the unsteady transport phenomena of the boron.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.165-180
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• 2020

To determine tornadic wind loads, the wind pressure, forces and moments induced by tornadoes on civil structures have been studied. However, in most previous studies, only the individual building of interest was included in the wind field, which may be suitable to simulate the case where a tornado strikes rural areas. The statistical data has indicated that tornadoes induce more significant fatalities and property loss when they attack densely populated areas. To simulate this case, all buildings in the community of interest should be included in the wind field. However, this has been rarely studied. To bridge this research gap, this study will systematically investigate the influence of a community of buildings on tornadic wind fields by modeling all buildings in the community into the wind field (designated as "the Community case under tornadic winds"). For comparison, the case in which only a single building is included in the tornadic wind field (designated as "the Single-building case under tornadic winds") and the case where a community of buildings are included in the equivalent straight-line wind field (designated as "the Community case under straight-line winds") are also simulated. The results demonstrate that the presence of a number of buildings completely destroys the pattern of regular circular strips in the distribution of tangential velocity and pressure on horizontal planes. Above the roof height, the maximum tangential velocity is lower in the Community case under tornadic winds than that in the Single-building case under tornadic winds because of the higher surface friction in the Community case; below the roof height, greater tangential velocity and pressure are observed in the Community case under tornadic wind fields, and more unfavorable conditions are observed in the Community case under tornadic winds than under the equivalent straight-line winds.