• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.583-589
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we proposed a system that efficiently provides support maps which includes the grid based terrain analysis information. To do this, we use the FDB which is defined as a GIS database that contains features with attributes attached to the features. The FDB is composed of a number of features and feature classes. In order to create support maps, it is necessary to classify feature classes that are associated with each support map and to search them in a grid map. The proposed system use a ontology model to classify semantically feature classes and the quad-tree data structure to find them in a grid map quickly. Therefore, our system is expected to be utilized for global path planning of UGV. In this paper, we show the possibility through an experimental implementation.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.39-51
• /
• 1998

This paper describes the analysis of flow field around an automobile. The governing equations of the 3-D unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved by the iterative time marching scheme. The Chimera grid technique has been applied to efficiently simulate the flow around the side-view mirror. To validate the capability of simulating the flow around a ground vehicle, the flows around the Ahmed body with 12.5$^{\circ}$ and 30$^{\circ}$ of slant angles are simulated and good agreements with experiment and other numerical results are achieved. To validate Chimera grid technique, the flow field around a cylinder was also calculated. The computed results are also well agreed with other numerical results and experiment. After code validations, the flow phenomena around the ground vehicle are evidently shown. The flow around the side-view mirror is also well simulated using the Chimera grid technique.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.803-810
• /
• 2016

This paper presents a study of localization methods based on particle filter using 2D laser sensor measurements and road feature map information, for autonomous vehicles. In order to navigate in an urban environment, an autonomous vehicle should be able to estimate the location of the ego-vehicle with reasonable accuracy. In this study, road features such as curbs and road markings are detected to construct a grid-based feature map using 2D laser range finder measurements. Then, we describe a particle filter-based method for accurate positional estimation of the autonomous vehicle in real-time. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is verified through real road driving experiments, in comparison with accurate DGPS data as a reference.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.273-282
• /
• 2015

Vehicle-to-grid presents a mechanism to meet the key requirements of an electric power system, using electric vehicles (EVs) when they are parked. The most economic ancillary service is that of frequency regulation, which imposes some constraints regarding the period and duration of time the vehicles have to be connected to the grid. The majority of research explores the profitability of the aggregator, while the perspective of the EV fleet owner, in terms of their need for usage of their fleet, remains neglected. In this paper, the optimal allocation of available vehicles on a day-ahead basis using queuing theory and fuzzy multi-criteria methodology has been determined. The proposed methodology is illustrated on the daily scheduling of EVs in an electricity distribution company.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.88-94
• /
• 2004

Recently, vehicle simulators are widely used to evaluate driver's responses and driver assistance systems. It needs much effort to construct the virtual driving environment for a vehicle simulator. In this study, it is described how to make effectively the roads and the driving environment for a vehicle simulator. The GIS (Geographic Information System) is used to construct the roads and the environment effectively. Because the GIS is the integrated system of geographical data, it contains useful data to make virtual driving environment. First, the outline and centerline of roads is abstracted from the GIS. From the road outline, the road width is calculated. Using the centerline, the grid model of roads is constructed. The final graphic model of roads is constructed by mapping road image to the grid model according to the number of lanes and the kind of surface. Data of buildings from the GIS are abstracted. Each shape and height of buildings is determined according to kind of buildings, the final graphic model of buildings is constructed. Then, the graphic model of roadside tree is also constructed. Finally, the driving environment for driving simulator is constructed by converting the three graphic models with the graphic format of Direct-X and by joining the three graphic models.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.669-674
• /
• 2017

Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and the increase in environmental pollution, electric vehicles are attracting attention as next-generation transportation and are becoming popular all over the world. As the interest in electric vehicles and the penetration rate increase, studies on the charging infrastructure with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology and information technology are actively under way. In particular, communication with the grid network is the most important factor for stable charging and load management of electric vehicles. However, with the existing centralized infrastructure, there are problems when control-message requests increase and the charging infrastructure cannot efficiently operate due to slow response speed. In this paper, we propose a new charging infrastructure using mobile edge computing (MEC) that mitigates congestion and provides low latency by applying distributed cloud computing technology to wireless base stations. Through a performance evaluation, we confirm that the proposed charging infrastructure (with low latency) can cope with peak conditions more efficiently than the existing charging infrastructure.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.315-319
• /
• 2020

The modern transportation and mobility sector is expected to encounter high penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) because EVs contribute to reducing the harmful emissions from fossil fuel-powered vehicles. With the prospective growth of EVs, sufficient and convenient facilities for fast charging are crucial toward satisfying the EVs' quick charging demand during their trip. Therefore, the Fast Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (FECS) will be a similar role to gas stations. In this paper, we study a charging scheduling problem for the FECS with solar photovoltaic (PV) and an Energy Storage System (ESS). We formulate an optimization problem that minimizes the operational costs of FECS. There are two cost and one revenue terms that are buying cost from main grid power, ESS degradation cost, and revenue from the charging fee of the EVs. Simulation results show that the proposed scheduling algorithm reduces the daily operational cost by effectively using solar PV and ESS.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 2015

Smart Grid is a next-generation intelligent grid to optimize energy efficiency by integrating information and communication technologies to the existing power grid as a two-way exchange of information. HPGP communication standard for smart grid implementation has been developed for the emerging smart energy, home automation, electric vehicle communications applications. HPGP communication standard has the advantage of reducing cost and power consumption. Also, it can be interoperated with the previous HPAV communication standard. For the introduction of a new communication standard, the analysis of the reliability and interoperability verification is required. In this paper, we present sniffer test method as reliability test method about power line communication between PEV(Plug-in Electric Vehicle) and EVSE(Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment). Power line communication between PEV and EVSE is one of the most important Smart Gird applications. Also, we analyzed sniffer test results about power line communication based on HPGP between PEV and EVSE by using QCA7000 device, AVitar and Tool kit.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.63 no.2
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2014

Recently, various researches and projects about electric vehicles are in progress vigorously and continuously and it is expected to penetrate rapidly with the next a few years. This deployment will cause the change of load composition rate affecting on power system planning and operations. Therefore, a new load model should be developed integrating with electric vehicle loads. In this paper, the load composition rate of residential sectors is analyzed considering the deployment of this mobility load such as electric vehicles and a new diffusion model is proposed based on the classification of the replacement patterns. Additionally, electric vehicle charging loads are basically modeled by some individual load experiments to develop new load models for smart place and some new conceptual power systems such as micro grids.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2021

To cope with automobile exhaust gas regulations, ISG (Idling Stop & Go) and charging control systems are applied to HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) for the purpose of improving fuel economy. These systems require quick charge/discharge performance at high current. To satisfy this characteristic, improvement of the positive electrode plate is studied to improve the charge/discharge process and performance of AGM(Absorbent Glass Mat) lead-acid batteries applied to ISG automotive systems. The bonding between grid and A.M (Active Material) can be improved by applying the Sand-Blasting method to provide roughness to the surface of the positive grid. When the Sand-Blasting method is applied with conditions of ball speed 1,000 rpm and conveyor speed 5 M/min, ideal bonding is achieved between grid and A.M. The positive plate of each condition is applied to the AGM LAB (Absorbent Glass Mat Lead Acid Battery); then, the performance and ISG life characteristics are tested by the vehicle battery test method. In CCA, which evaluates the starting performance at -18 ℃ and 30 ℃ with high current, the advanced AGM LAB improves about 25 %. At 0 ℃ CA (Charge Acceptance), the initial charging current of the advanced AGM LAB increases about 25 %. Improving the bonding between the grid and A.M. by roughening the grid surface improves the flow of current and lowers the resistance, which is considered to have a significant effect on the high current charging/discharging area. In a Standard of Battery Association of Japan (SBA) S0101 test, after 300 A discharge, the voltage of the advanced AGM LAB with the Sand-Blasting method grid was 0.059 V higher than that of untreated grid. As the cycle progresses, the gap widens to 0.13 V at the point of 10,800 cycles. As the bonding between grid and A.M. increases through the Sand Blasting method, the slope of the discharge voltage declines gradually as the cycle progresses, showing excellent battery life characteristics. It is believed that system will exhibit excellent characteristics in the vehicle environment of the ISG system, in which charge/discharge occurs over a short time.