• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2020

It is essential to estimate the vehicle localization for an autonomous safety driving. In particular, since LIDAR provides precise scan data, many studies carried out to estimate the vehicle localization using LIDAR and pre-generated map. The road marking always exists on the road because of provides driving information. Therefore, it is often used for map information. In this paper, we propose to generate the Gaussian mixture map based on road-marking information and localization method using this map. Generally, the probability distributions map stores the single Gaussian distribution for each grid. However, single resolution probability distributions map cannot express complex shapes when grid resolution is large. In addition, when grid resolution is small, map size is bigger and process time is longer. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the road marking. On the other hand, Gaussian mixture distribution can effectively express the road marking by several probability distributions. In this paper, we generate Gaussian mixture map and perform vehicle localization using Gaussian mixture map. Localization performance is analyzed through the experimental result.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.92-102
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• 2010

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with more added battery capacity that can be recharged from the electric power grid. Plug-in battery electric vehicle(PBEV) is a pure electric vehicle that uses only electric motor using electricity from battery that recharged from the power grid. PHEV and PBEV requires recharging of batteries in the vehicles from electric power grid. Recently, PHEVs and PBEV are being developed around the world. It is important to understand how these electric vehicles affect power demands and carbon dioxide emissions. From vehicle customer viewpoint, running energy cost will be imporatnt factor to consider. This paper analyzes the potential impacts of PHEVs and PBEVs on electric power demand, and associated CO2 emissions in 2020 with an projection that the vehicles will be penetrated with 10% market share. Energy costs for the vehicles are also calculated and compared with the conventional combustion vehicle.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.11
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• pp.1564-1570
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• 2014

An electric vehicle (EV) not only receives electric power from the electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), but it also exchanges the information regarding charging process with the power gird through the EVSE. However, the EV and EVSE communicate using the ISO/IEC 15118 standard while the EVSE and power grid communicate using the IEC 61850 standard. Therefore, the EVSE should support both the ISO/IEC 15118 and IEC 61850 standards, and provide a data mapping function between the two communication protocols so that the EV and power grid, which support different protocols, can communicate with each other throughout the charging process. In this paper, we propose a mapping method of the EVSE, which converts the ISO/IEC 15118 data to IEC 61850 and vice versa, based on the XML schema of each protocol. The proposed method converts the data using the XSL (eXtensible Stylesheet Language) method, which defines the data mapping between two XML schemas. Our approach is more flexible and easier to maintain against changes in charging scenarios and the standards than other existing approaches such as one-to-one data mapping methods.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.341-342
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• 2015

Attention has been focused on how to charge an electric vehicle in accordance with the increase of interest in the electric vehicle in recent years. The charging of an electric vehicle with a solar power is way to increase the stability of the grid and to supplement the grid power demand. In this paper, the EMTP / ATPDraw presents a method of charging an electric vehicle in connection to the grid and the solar power system, and analyze the trends in supply power from the solar power system according to changes in temperature and irradiation.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.12
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• pp.2251-2261
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• 2016

The use of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems is increasing due to new policies in the energy industries. However, the increase in distributed generation hinders the reliability of power systems. In order to stabilize power systems, a virtual power plant has been proposed as a novel power grid management system. The virtual power plant plays includes different distributed energy resources and energy storage systems. We define a core virtual power plant technology related to demand response and ancillary service for the cases of Korea, America, and Europe. We also suggest applications of the proposed virtual power plant to the vehicle-to-grid market for restructuring national power industries in Korea.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.367-374
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• 2013

The electrical vehicles (EV) with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capability can be used as loads, energy sources and energy storage in MicroGrid integrated with renewable energy sources. The output power of generators will be reallocated in the considering of V2G. An intelligent unit commitment (UC) with V2G for cost optimization is presented in this paper. A new constraint of UC with V2G is considered to satisfy daily use of EVs. A hybrid optimiza-tion algorithm combined Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) with Lagrange Mul-tipliers Method (LMM) is proposed. The difference between results of UC with V2G and UC without V2G is presented.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

ISO/IEC 15118 is a standard for communications and services for electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Although this standard deals only with data communication between an electric vehicle and a charge station, communication with the outside is essential for establishing an authentication system for vehicle certification and V2G service for electric power transmission. In this study, it was designed to verify the information of electric car charging infrastructure in electric power system through communication link between ISO/IEC 15118 electric vehicle model and IEC 61850 standard MMS protocol. This is demonstrated in the field so that the electric vehicle communication data is linked with the micro grid management system. This could be used as an element technology in other distributed power sources as well as electric cars in the future.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2015

The concept known as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) is to provide power to help balance loads by charging at night when demand is low and sending power to the grid when demand is high. Therefore, it is important to model the cost-benefit characteristics of Electric vehicle(EV)'s operation considering the negawatt market in real time. This paper proposes a methodology to formulate the various costs and economic benefits for sending the EV's power back to the grid, including a concept of inconvenience costs caused by operating the EV as a battery. This paper also introduces the general decision-making process based on the cost-benefit analysis in order to simulate the reasonable participation of V2G service. In the case study, it is confirmed by two-case simulations that the proposed approach is useful to help EV owners' decision-making. In the future, it is expected that the proposed methodology can be used as a decision-making guideline to help prepare the EV' power transmission.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.141-148
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• 2013

Smart grid can two-way communication using ICT(Information & Communication Technology). Also, smart grid can supply to dynamic power that grafted to electric vehicle can activate to electric vehicle charging infrastructure and used to storage battery of home. Storage battery of home can resale to power provider. These electric vehicle charging infrastructure locate fixed on home, apartment, building, etc charging infrastructure that used fluid on user. If don't authentication for user of fluid user use to charging infrastructure, electric charging service can occurred to illegal use, electric charges and leakgage of electric information. In this paper, we propose smartcard and dynamic ID based user authentication scheme for used secure to electric vehicle service in smart grid environment.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.499-508
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• 2020

Whilst vehicle-to-every (V2X) is still at a research and development phase, we are nearing the point when this technology could begin to enter in commercial mass markets. However, this transition is unlikely to happen until a number of issues have been resolved which currently hinder the developing of V2X technology and its capacity to provide value to end-users and other actors. This roadmap has set out plan for how these issues may be overcome, based on eight key goals that the automotive industry, network operators and policy makers should aim to achieve. Suggestions for near-term activities that may be carried out towards meeting these goals have also been identified.