• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.190-200
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• 2005

In this paper, the image modelling of road's lane markings is established using view frustum(VF) modeling. This algorithm also involve the real time processing of the 3D position coordinate and the distance data from the camera to the points on the 3D world coordinate by the camera calibration. In order to reduce their measurement error, an useful algorithm for which analyze the geometric variations clue to traveling vehicle's fluctuation using VF model is proposed. In experiments, without correction, for instance, the $0.4^{\circ}$ of pitching rotation gives the error of $0.4^{\sim}0.6m$ at the distance of 10m, but the more far distance cause exponentially the more error. We confirmed that this algorithm can be reduced less than 0.1m of error at the same condition.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.91-101
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to propose an optimal layout for the accelerator and brake pedals in sedan and SUV, and also to compare the pendant-type pedal with organ-type pedal. 12 male subjects participated in the experiment, the subjects were divided into 3 groups according to height percentile(under 50%ile, 50%ile to 75%ile, over 75%ile). Independent variables were seat height (H₃₀), X and Y coordinates of the center of accelerator and brake pedals and the x and y relative distance between two pedals. Dependent variable was subjective ratings for lower body discomfort. The response surface methodology using a central composite design was employed to develop a prediction model for lower body discomfort of each pedal. It is noticeable that the lateral position of the accelerator in all groups was not statistically significant. The optimal locations of both pedals were found to be distinct according to the percentile of subjects. X distance from accelerator to brake of both-type pedals is similar. But Y distance from accelerator to brake of organ-type is less about 2-3cm than that of pedant-type.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.217-226
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• 2011

This paper was inspired by the fact that Real-time Traffic Information Service could play a key role in reducing incomplete combustion time remarkably since it can provide traffic jam information in real-time basis. Emission characteristics of experimental engines were studied with variable travel distances and speed of car in terms of traffic information provided. 12 Km distance road of Susung district in Daegu is taken as an experimental area to examine this new approach. The emission was tested while the driving was done at 8 AM, 3 PM, 6 PM which represents various traffic conditions. The reduced emission has been measured for a travel distance running at different loads (conventional shortest route and Real-time Traffic Information) and various loads (CO, VOC and NOx) are all inventoried and calculated in terms of existing emission factors. The emission has been shown to reduce linearly with travel distance : carbon monoxide (20.56%), VOC (29.21%), NOx(8.86%).

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.824-833
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• 2006

In this paper, the image modelling of road's lane markings is established using view frustum(VF) model. From this model, a measurement system of lane markings and obstacles is proposed. The system also involve the real time processing of the 3D position coordinate and the distance data from the camera to the points on the 3D world coordinate by virtue of the camera calibration. In order to reduce their measurement error, an useful algorithm for which analyze the geometric variations due to traveling vehicle's fluctuation using VF model is proposed. In experiments, without correction, for instance, the $0.4^{\circ}$ of pitching rotation gives the error of $0.4{\sim}0.6m$ at the distance of 10m, but the more far distance cause exponentially the more error. We con finned that this algorithm can be reduced less than 0.1m of error at the same condition.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.443-453
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• 2011

Real-time Traffic Information Service could play a key role in reducing incomplete combustion time remarkably since it can provide traffic information in real-time basis. Emission characteristics of test engines were studied in terms of travel distance and speed. The present study focused on a north district in Daegu, 12 km. The driving for the emission test was done at 8AM, 3PM, 7PM which represents various traffic conditions. The reduced emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) have been measured for a travel distance running at different loads (conventional shortest route and Real-time Traffic Information) and GHG ($CO_2$, $CH_4$, $N_2O$) are all inventoried and calculated in terms of existing emission factors. The emission of GHG has been shown to reduce linearly with travel distance: $CO_2$ (9.15%), $CH_4$ (18.43%), $N_2O$(18.62%).

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

This study determined the optimal positions of the movable steering wheel and pedal systems of industrial vehicle by various body dimensions. The position of objects and starting driving posture were measured by Martin-type anthropometer and goniometer. The X, Y and Z axis of movable steering wheel and pedal systems were measured horizon distance from right side to left side, horizon distance from front side to rear side and vertical distance from floor to ceiling. During the experiment in order to exclude learning effectiveness with forklift driving, 27 subjects who had male not experiences in driving a forklift used in the experiment. The relationship between the position of steering wheel and driver's posture with body dimensions was analyzed by using correlation relation and paired comparison t-test based on the measured data. The pedal location in X and Z axises was not related with various body dimensions. Also, the steering wheel was different among the angles of the right elbow and shoulder depending on the various body dimensions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 2022

Prototype UAMs are shown to us in the market. When the complete product is delivered to market, the efficiency of each UAMs can be compared by default. Before the complete product is shown to us, the comparative study on efficiency of UAMs is performed under the product cost estimation. The efficiency analysis result reveals that both of Lift & Cruise type and vectored thrust type show good efficiency at the initial stage of product. At the near terms stage, five years later from initial stage end, efficiency gets some change. Vectored thrust type of UAMs show best efficiency at the near term stage of product. Because UAMs will be used in urban area, Seoul is the place where the UAMs will be used first. The flying route from Seoul City Hall to Yongsan Park, National Assembly in Yeouido, and City Airport is no more than 10 km distance. For this short distance route, efficiency will make multi-rotor type UAM be prefered to other types. For long distance route or commuting route, life & cruise type and vectored thrust type of UAMs will be prefered on account of operational efficiency.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.106-116
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• 2024

Ensuring robust 3D object detection is a core challenge for autonomous driving systems operating in urban environments. To tackle this issue, various 3D representation, including point cloud, voxels, and pillars, have been widely adopted, making use of LiDAR, Camera, and Radar sensors. These representations improved 3D object detection performance, but real-world urban scenarios with unexpected situations can still lead to numerous false positives, posing a challenge for robust 3D models. This paper presents a post-processing algorithm that dynamically adjusts object detection thresholds based on the distance from the ego-vehicle. While conventional perception algorithms typically employ a single threshold in post-processing, 3D models perform well in detecting nearby objects but may exhibit suboptimal performance for distant ones. The proposed algorithm tackles this issue by employing adaptive thresholds based on the distance from the ego-vehicle, minimizing false negatives and reducing false positives in the 3D model. The results show performance enhancements in the 3D model across a range of scenarios, encompassing not only typical urban road conditions but also scenarios involving adverse weather conditions.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.53-64
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• 2013

The car-following model is one of core models in Advanced Vehicle & Highway Systems (AVHS). The car-following model has been developed in aspects such as human factor and reduction error rates. However, the consideration of safety depending on weather condition has not been completed yet. In this paper, therefore, changes of driving condition for car-following due to different road condition were dealt with, and optimal safety distance corresponding to road condition such as dry, wet and snowy were computed. The GMIT(GM Model with Instantaneous T) model was picked over for simulation of adaptive cruise control applied the suggested optimal safety distance. As the results, the 1.7 times longer safety distance was required for wet road condition than dry road condition, and the 5.6 times longer safety distance was required for snowy road condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.591-597
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• 1996

To straighten the path that farm machinery follows in paddy fields, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the tracks that these machines leave behind. However, there are no known methods for making such measurements and evaluations since it is difficult to accurately trace the paths that the machine make in paddy fields. Therefore, a measuring system has been developed which can accurately recored the path of a farm machinery in a field by measuring the horizontal straight-line distance from the side of the field to the machine. This system consists of a track subsystem on the machine and a range finder system. A measuring appraratus is installed on a flatcar which runs on rails over 50 m long at the side of the filed. The track subsystem uses a CCD camera to track the movement of the machine in the field which is following a lengthwise path. The range finder subsystem measures the distance that the measuring apparatus has traveled on the rails and the distance from the app ratus to the machine in the field. This system makes it possible to record the path that the machine travels. Even though differences in traveling distance arise between the measuring apparatus and the farm machine, these differences are detected by image processing , which allows the machine in the field to be located accurately. The short(0.05 second) time required for image processing is enough to follow an object . In the present study, this system was able to measure the path that a moving tractor makes. Even though a lag of up to 0.4 meters occurred, this system did not miss its target during operation of the track subsystem. Thus the path measuring system developed here is able to record vehicle paths automatically by following the movement of vehicles in the field and measuring the distance to them. It is expected to come into use in such applications as unmanned moving vehicle tests.