• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.72-80
• /
• 2008

In a case of an automobile collision, vehicle damage and injury of the driver and the passenger occur. The scale of the collision which is effected by the extent of vehicle damage and the injury of the passenger, depends on the delta-V. Based on the photograph interpretation o the actual case of accidents in the Seoul and the Incheon area, this study measured the depth of crush and calculated the delta-V. Through verifying the correlation of the depth of crush and the change of velocity, relative equation was evaluated and compared with the prior study results to prove that they are almost identical. Thus, the depth of crush can be used as an index of the degree of impact, which can be utilized as the change of velocity to evaluate the level of injury done to the passengers. However, the period of hospitalization and diagnostics claimed by the injured proves to have no correlation with the delta-V and the extent of vehicle damage, this is due to the non-objective way of diagnosis and the anamnesis of the injured. This study established the absolute limit harmlessness and the choosing limit harmlessness, allowing the appraisal for Yes or No of the injury or the harmlessness based on the prior studies. Moreover, utilizing the relative equation formed between the depth of crush and the delta-V, each case of collision was compared and evaluated in comparison to the limit harmlessness to prove that the 90.4% of the so-called 'claiming-to-be-injured' were exaggerating or fabricating.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.240-257
• /
• 2022

Autonomous vehicles use various local sensors such as camera, radar, and lidar to perceive the surrounding environment. However, it is difficult to predict the movement of vulnerable road users using only local sensors that are subject to limits in cognitive range. This is true especially when these users are blocked from view by obstacles. Hence, this paper developed an algorithm for collision avoidance with VRU using V2X information. The main purpose of this collision avoidance system is to overcome the limitations of the local sensors. The algorithm first evaluates the risk of collision, based on the current driving condition and the V2X information of the VRU. Subsequently, the algorithm takes one of four evasive actions; steering, braking, steering after braking, and braking after steering. A simulation was performed under various conditions. The results of the simulation confirmed that the algorithm could significantly improve the performance of the collision avoidance system while securing vehicle stability during evasive maneuvers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2009

In this driving simulation study, the impairing effects of various types of electronic devices usage(i. e., destination search by using in-vehicle navigation system, TV watching and dialing cellular phone) during driving on front-to-rear-end collision avoidance were investigated. Percentage of collisions, driving speeds when the drivers collided, and initial reaction time for collision avoidance were analyzed and compared as the dependent measures. The results indicated that (1) any types of electronic devices usage during driving induced more serious collision-related impairment than control condition where no additional task was required, and (2) in general, destination search task appeared to impair drivers collision avoidance performance more than the other task requirements in terms of percentage of collisions and initial reaction time for collision avoidance, but TV watching induced most serious collision impact. These results suggested that any types of electronic device usage could distract drivers attention from the primary task of driving, and be resulted in serious outcome in potentially risky situation of front-to-rear-end collision. In particular, mandatory use of eye-hand coordination and receiving feedback seemed to one of essential factor leading the drivers visual attentional distraction.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.36-43
• /
• 2011

The forward collision of vehicles in high speed can cause a chain collisions and high fatality rate. Most of the forward collisions are caused by insufficient braking distance due to detection time of driver and safe distance. Also, accumulated detection time of driver is cause of chain collisions after the forward collision. The FVCWS prevents the forward collision by maintaining the safety distance inter-vehicle and reducing detection time of driver. However the FVCWS can cause chain collisions because the system that interacts only forward vehicle has accumulated detection time of driver. In this paper, we analyze forward and chain collisions of normal vehicles and FVCWS vehicles on static traveling scenario. And then, we analyze and compare V2V based FVCWS with them after explaining the system. The V2V FVCWS reduces detection time of driver alike FVCWS as well as remove accumulated detection time of driver by broadcasting emergence message to backward vehicles at the same time. Therefore, the system decrease possibility of forward and chain collisions. All backward normal vehicles and 3~4 backward FVCWS vehicles have possibility of forward and chain collisions in result of analysis. However V2V FVCWS vehicles almost do not chain collisions in the result.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.587-597
• /
• 2022

In the present study, a novel optimization method in formation control of multi -system vehicles based on the trajectory of the nearest neighbor trajectory is presented. In this regard, the state equations of each vehicle and multisystem is derived and the optimization scheme based on minimizing the differences between actual positions and desired positions of the vehicles are conducted. This formation control is a position-based decentralized model. The trajectory of the nearest neighbor are optimized based on the current position and state of the vehicle. This approach aids the whole multi-agent system to be optimized on their trajectory. Furthermore, to overcome the cumulative errors and maintain stability in the network a semi-centralized scheme is designed for the purpose of checking vehicle position to its predefined trajectory. The model is implemented in Matlab software and the results for different initial state and different trajectory definition are presented. In addition, to avoid collision avoidance and maintain the distances between vehicles agents at a predefined desired distances. In this regard, a neural fuzzy network is defined to be utilized in conjunction with the control system to avoid collision between vehicles. The outcome reveals that the model has acceptable stability and accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2014

Recently, the number of road construction is increasing by industrial development. According to this industrial tendency, the number of traffic accidents are consistently increasing due to increasing number of vehicle on the road. This is mainly because traffic accidents are occurred by various parameter such as negligence of driver, vehicle defects, state of unstable road, natural environment etc. Lane department of vehicles from guardrail is occurring frequently. This type of accident is caused by vehicle performance improvement and shape of vehicle, weak guardrail installation and maintenance. Guardrail has the purpose on prevention such as prevention of traffic accident and prevention of deviating out of road, minimizing damage of driver and vehicle by collision as well as entry into the road through guardrail. Stability evaluation test of guardrail verifies the behavior of guardrail through the crash of truck. At this time, the crash condition has 100 km/h of velocity and $15^{\circ}$ of impact angle. In the case of ground condition, filling slope condition has relatively high bearing capacity of infinite ground towards the test. Guardrail is generally installed on road of shoulder in fill slope in korea. It is possible for stability problem to deteriorate ground bearing capacity in Guardrail in fill slope. The existed study towards stability of guardrail has been carried out in the infinite ground. However, the study on the behavior of fill slope with guardrail is not performed by vehicle collision. Therefore, In this study, the numerical analysis using LS-DYNA was executed for verification on behavior of fill slope with guardrail through vehicle collision. This numerical analysis was carried out with change of embedded depth on installed guardrail post in shoulder of fill slope by vehicle collision and 8 tonf truck crash providing at NCAN (National Crash Analysis Center). As the result, displacement and stress on fill slope are decreased in accordance with the increase of embedded depth of guardrail post. Ground bearing capacity is deteriorated at depth of 450 mm form shoulder of road on fill slope.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2005

In this paper, the VR(Virtual Reality) simulation system is developed to analyze driver's perceptive response on the ASV(Advanced Safety Vehicle). The ASV is the vehicle of next generation equipped with various warning systems. For the purpose, the VR simulation system consists of VR database, vehicle dynamic model, graphic/sound system, and driving system. The VR database which generates 3D graphic and sound information is organized for the driving reality. Mathematical models of vehicle dynamic analysis are constructed to represent the dynamic behavior of a vehicle. The driving system and the graphic/sound system provide a driver with the operation of a vehicle and the feedback of a driving situation. Also, the real-time simulation algorithm synchronizes the vehicle dynamic model with the VR database. To check the validity of the developed system, a simple scenario is applied to investigate driver's perceptive response time and vehicle acceleration on an emergency situation. It is confirmed that the proposed system is useful and helpful to design the FVCWS(Forward Vehicle Collision Warning System).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.1247-1254
• /
• 2009

The purpose of the present study was to compare and analyze the differential effects of in-vehicle electronic device usage types(searching for targeted destinations in navigational purpose, watching TV in entertain purpose, and dialing a cellular-phone in phone-usage purpose) on driver's front-to-rear-end collision avoidance behavior, and to find effective collision warning format for this behavior. The result indicated that (1) the drivers showed more impaired collision avoidance performances when they were asked to search the name of targeted destination than the other task requirements, and (2) auditory warning appeared to be most effective among the other types of warning. In particular, it was suggested that the "Visual-Only" collision warning could induce most undesirable result when the drivers were engaged in both visual and auditory information processing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2014

This study deals with the rear-end collision at roundabouts. The purpose of this study is to develop the accident models of rear-end collision in Korea. In pursuing the above, this study gives particular attention to developing the appropriate models using Poisson, negative binomial model, ZAM, multiple linear and nonlinear regression models, and statistical analysis tools. The main results are as follows. First, the Vuong statistics and overdispersion parameters indicate that ZIP is the most appropriate model among count data models. Second, RMSE, MPB, MAD and correlation coefficient tests show that the multiple nonlinear model is the most suitable to the rear-end collision data. Finally, such the independent variables as traffic volume, ratio of heavy vehicle, number of circulatory roadway lane, number of crosswalk and stop line are adopted in the optimal model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.6-11
• /
• 2016

There has been an increase in the number of researches on the segment for commercialization after developing avionics systems. In this paper, we have applied a commercial off-the-shelf(COTS) operating systems in an aircraft mission computer. We used UAV collision avoidance algorithms to compare the performance of COTS operating systems. The UAV collision avoidance algorithms were tested on different operating systems to compare the performances of the operating systems. The measured parameters are memory usage and processing time. We have verified that the UAV collision avoidance algorithms worked successfully and compared the performance of each operating system.