• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1597-1604
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• 2012

Genus Bacillus is a spore-forming bacterium that has unique properties in cell differentiation, allowing the forming of spores in stress conditions and activated in the vegetative cell, with suitable environments occurring during the life cycle acting as a trigger. Their habitat is mainly in soil; thus, many species of Bacillus are associated with plants as well as rhizosphere bacteria and endophytic bacteria. Signal transduction is the principal mechanism of interactions, both within the cell community and with the external environment, which provides the subsequent functions or properties for the cell. The antimicrobial compounds of Bacillus sp. are potentially useful products, which have been used in agriculture for the inhibition of phytopathogens, for the stimulation of plant growth, and in the food industry as probiotics. There are two systems for the synthesis of these substances: nonribosomal synthesis of cyclic lipopeptides (NRPS) and polyketides (PKS). For each group, the structures, properties, and genes of the main products are described. The different compounds described and the way in which they co-exist exhibit the relationship of Bacillus substances to plants, humans, and animals.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.1 s.81
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• pp.39-44
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• 2007

The Rqh1 gene is essential for vegetative growth in fission Yeast. The rqh1 mutant showed that sensitivity of DNA damaging agent, a wild range of phenotype including abnormal gene expression and cell elongation. This result showed that the rqhl-overexpression cell was sensitivity to DNA damaging agent like rqhl mutant. When Rqh1 have an over-expression by $nmt1^+$ promoter of pREP vector, rqh1 mutant DNA damaging agent sensitivity could be compensated. We isolated two strong mutant containing complementation gene, rqh156 and rqh172, respectively. This result observed that the DNA damaging agent sensitivity of rqhl mutant was complemented by the expression of rqh156 and rqh172. They induced mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner HU, MMS and UV. The HU sensitivity of the rqhl was complemented by the expression of rqh156 and rqh172. The mRNA expression of rqh156 decreased on HU dose dependent but the mRNA expression of rqh172 did not decrease on HU dose dependent. The MMS and W sensitivity of the rqhl was complemented by the expression of rqh156 and rqh172. These results indicate that the isolated rqhl gene may play an important role in DNA metabolism.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6791-6795
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• 2013

Apoptotic and cytotoxic activity of plant extracts obtaining from naturally growing Cynara syriaca in Turkey and cultivated C cardunculus against DLD1 colorectal cancer cells was determined. Extracts from wild and cultivated Cynara species were obtained from their vegetative parts and receptacles using hexane and applied with five different dose (0.1-1 mg/ml) as well as apigenin for MTT tests for three time periods (24, 48 and 72 hours). After cells were treated with $IC_{50}$ doses for each extract total DNA and RNA were isolated for determination of the cause of cell death. From isolated RNAs, cDNA were synthesized and amplification of p21, BCL-2 and BAX gene regions was carried out. Consequently, we found that pro-apoptotic (BAX) gene expression and a cell cycle inhibitor (p21) were induced in the presence of our artichoke extracts. In contrast, anti-apoptotic BCL-2 gene expression was reduced compared to the control group. In addition DNA fragmentation results demonstrated DLD1 cell death via apoptosis.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.422-426
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• 2014

Depending on the acquisition of developmental competence, the expression of genes for ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan synthase and chitin synthase was affected in different ways by Aspergillus nidulans LAMMER kinase. LAMMER kinase deletion, ${\Delta}lkhA$, led to decrease in ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan, but increase in chitin content. The ${\Delta}lkhA$ strain was also resistant to nikkomycin Z.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.121-124
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• 2003

The goals of this study is to elucidate life cycle and to detect genetic differences within a single species of Heterosigma akashiwo. To elucidate life cycle of H. akashiwo, have to study of benthic stage and vegetative cell. So we studied identification of H. akashiwo cyst. The relative contents of DNA in nuclei were determined in Heterosigma akashiwo. Different stages of the life history were obtained from culture and natural sediments, and examined by microfluorometry after staining with the DNA-specific fluorochrome 4'-6-dianudubi-2-phenylindole(DAPI). Large cells mainly in exponensial stage, while small cell, pre-encystment cells(\ulcorner\ulcorner), showed in the end of the late growth stage. Type of DNA content showed the different with growth stage. Usually the small cell has the high level of IOD.

• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 2004

Ten taxa of the genus Spirogyra (Zygnemataceae, Chlorophyta) in Korea were examined for morphology and taxonomic category with field as well as cultured materials: S. africana (Fritsch) Czurda, S. decimina (Muller) Kutzing, S. distenta Transeau, S. dubia Kutzing, S. ellipsospora Transeau, S. ellipsospora var. crassoidea Transeau, S. gracilis (Hassall) Kutzing, S. submajuscula Kutzing, S. peipingensis Jao and S. variformis Transeau. Features of vegetative cell and female gametangium, shape of septum, chloroplast number, sexuality, size and shape of zygospore, and ornamentation of spore wall were major characteristics used for determination of the species. All of them were described for the first time in Korea.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.81-84
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• 1979

Catalase, glycolate oxidase, hydroxypyruvate and NADPH-glyoxylate reductases activities in cell free extracts from leaves of 3 cultivars, Suwon 264, IR 36 and Jin Heung of rice plants were studied at different growing stages. Catalase and glycolate oxidase shows inclining activities toward the maximum vegetative growth whereas declining activities in either the enzymes were noticed during the maturing stage. After the photoperiodic condition exhibit increasing hydroxypyruvate and NADPH-glyoxylate reductases activities with time until maturing stage. No significant differences were found in the enzyme activities, and in analytical data of nitrogen, chlorophyll contents, dry weight and soluble proteins among the 3 cultivars.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1996

Since sequencing of randomly selected cDNA clones has been known to be a powerful approach to obtain information on gene expression pattern in specific cells or tissues, we have analyzed a 3'-directed cDNA library of vegetative mycelia of A. nidulans by single-pass sequencing of hundreds of randomly selected clones. Sequencing of 292 cDNA clones yielded 209 gene signatures (GSs) probably representing highly or lesser expressed genes in the vegetative mycelia. Among the 209 GSs, 25 (79 cDNA clones) appeared more than once and 184 only once. One GS appeared at a highest frequency of 6 times, 2 GSs5 times, 4 GSs 4 times, a GSs 3 times and 16 GSs twice. About 6.6% GSs comprizing of 13 GSs showed alternative polyadenylation. Among 23 redundant GSs, three were common in both mycelia and sexual organs, and 22 were probably mycelia-specific. Out of 209 GSs, 36 were identified in GenBank showing of 70% or greater similaritis. Only six GSs were for A. nidulans genes, and 13 GSs were of DNA or genes encoding cytoplasmic or organellar proteins. This pattern is similar to those in the human HepG2 cell line and in human colonic mucosa, although very few genes for nuclear proteins and for protein synthesis were in A. nidulans.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2002

In woody plant germplasms, using prefrozen dormant buds for materials is one way to achieve successful cryopreservation. The protocol of cryopreservation for White birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) winter vegetative buds is the following. First, the branches of White birch were collected in January 20, when the vegetative buds were still in a state of quiescence. The winter buds with about 5㎜ of xylem tissue were removed from the branches. They were dehydrated to moisture contents about 44% by air dry treatment. The buds were prefrozen, with the temperature being decreased by 5∼-20$\^{C}$ and then transfered to the LN(liquid nitrogen) maintained below -l96$\^{C}$. After cryopreservation, the vegetative buds were rapidly thawed in a water bath at 40$\pm$5$\^{C}$. In this case, the cell survival rate of samples was about 86%. After sterilization, buds were then cultured on MS medium. These results demonstrate the feasibility for cryopreservation of winter vegetation buds of Betula platyphylla var. japonica.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2003

Identification of species within the toxin-producing genus Alexandrium is vital for biotoxin monitoring and mitigation decisions regarding shellfish industry. In particular, the discrimination of resting cysts of only A. tamarense from that of Alexandrium spp. is considerable important to fundamentally monitor and predict this species before vegetative cells occur in the nature. Fluorescent cTAM-F1 DNA probe was responsible to not only binding the activity of the vegetative cells in A. tamarense, but also to the resting cysts, which was treated with methanol after fixation and stained by primuline on the surface The location of fluorescence in cultured vegetative cells and resting cysts was almost at tile bottom of the nucleus. The optimal incubation temperature and time using in situ hybridization were 50-$54^{\circ}C$ and 40-60 min, respectively, to penetrate the DNA probe into cell.