• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권5_1호
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• pp.939-946
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• 2021

산불로 인한 피해지역의 산림 변화를 모니터링하는 것은 식생복원에 중요한 정보를 제공하며, 자연 재해를 완화하고 복구하기 위해 공간정보를 가지는 원격탐사 자료는 모니터링에 필요한 유용한 정보를 제공하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 원격탐사자료를 활용한 복구 측면에 초점 두어 연구된 사례가 미비한 상황이다. 본 연구는 화재 후 식생회복을 모니터링하기 위한 것으로, Sentinel-2 위성 데이터를 사용하여 산불 피해 지역을 모니터링하는 방법을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 산불피해지역의 식생회복 모니터링을 위해 Tasseled Cap 선형회귀 추세를 기반으로 RGB 합성기술을 제안하였다. 이러한 위성영상을 활용한 원격탐사 시각화 기법을 통해 효과적인 모니터링 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.235-258
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• 2006

청계천 복원공사 전(2003) 중(2004) 후(2005)의 수질과 식물 및 식생모니터링결과 청계천의 수질등급은 공사 전에는 $BOD_5$가 평균 51.1mg/L로서 등급 외이었으나, 공사 후에 한강수와 지하철 역사의 물이 공급되면서 $BOD_5$가 3.3mg/L로 낮아져 수질이 3등급으로 향상되었다. 식물의 경우는 공사 전에 총 121종에서 공사후에 132종으로 다소 증가하였다. 특히 다년초의 비율이 공사 전 24.8%에서 공사 후 35.6%로 증가되었으며, 갈대군락과 잔디군락이 도입식생으로 관찰되었다. 그러나 공사구간은 공사 전 우점 군락이었던 식생보전등급 1인 환삼덩굴과 망초군락이 여전히 우세하여 식물의 생태성은 공사전과 후의 변화가 크지 않았다. 또한 이 같은 조사내용을 비교대상구간과 비교하면 비교대상구간의 수질은 $BOD_5$ 0.8mg/L인 1등급으로 공사구간보다 양호하고, 식물종수도 154종으로 공사구간보다 다양할 뿐 아니라 귀화식물의 비율은 13%로서 공사구간의 28.8%보다 낮았다. 따라서 현재까지는 공사구간이 비교대상구간보다 생태적으로 떨어지는 것으로 평가된다. 그러나 하천복원이란 장기적이며 복합적인 과정으로서 본 연구 에서와 같은 단기조사만으로 복원의 효과성을 논할 수 없으며, 앞으로 장기간에 걸친 다른 주요항목에 대한조사도 병행되어야만 청계천 복원의 효과성을 검증할 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.174-187
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 불가피하게 훼손될 산림자원과 주변 산림의 자연자원을 이용하여 비오톱이식공법, 산림표토포설, 소경목군락식재 등의 공법을 통해 복원된 식생복원지를 대상으로 복원시공이 완료된 2008년부터 2013년까지 6년에 걸쳐 모니터링을 실시하여 복원효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 복원 유형별 복원효과를 보면, 비오톱이식공법을 사용하여 복원된 지역은 훼손될 산림을 그대로 옮겨 복원한 것으로 복원 직후부터 기존의 자연산림과 가장 유사한 형태를 띠고 있어 단시간 내에 자연산림의 형태를 갖추어야 하는 복원 공사에서 유리할 것으로 판단된다. 산림표토를 이용한 복원은 수목이 성장하여 교목층을 형성하는데 오랜 시간이 걸릴 것으로 예상되나 절개지와 같은 나지상태의 공간을 복원시키기에 높은 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이라 기대된다. 군락식재는 식재 수목의 크기에 따라 좀 더 짧은 시간 내에 피도를 높일 수도 있으며, 교목층을 형성할 수도 있으므로, 복원지역을 정확히 판단한 후 수목의 크기를 고려하여 이용한다면 높은 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이라 기대된다. 본 연구는 식생복원 유형별 모니터링 조사를 통해 숲으로의 천이과정에서 나타나는 변화를 관찰하여 식생복원 유형별 자연자원을 이용한 생태복원 효과를 연구했다는데 의의가 있다. 그 결과는 식생복원이 필요한 지역이나 불가피하게 훼손되는 산림자원을 이용할 수 있다는 점에서 활용 및 응용이 가능한 기초자료 역할을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2017

This study illustrated the process of bar structure and vegetation coverage to understand historical changes of riverbed and suppose adaptive management in Tan-chun ecological landscape reserve. The study site that lower reach of the Tan-chun are known as habitats of migratory bird and aquatic species with dynamic riverbed. Aerial photos from 2006 to 2016 and surveyed vegetation data in 2006 and 2016 were used by analysis of landscape changes and comparison of vegetation coverage. Study area is classified into 3 sites (A: straight site, B: meandering site, C: meandering and junction with Yangjae-cheon). The result showed that bar area of A and C sites gradually increased, B site decreased during 10 years. Also, ratio of bar area to vegetation coverage and level of vegetation coverage increased in all sites during 10 years. All sites seem to have experienced the terrestrialization with time. On the other hand, ratio of annual vegetation increased and ratio of perennial vegetation decreased in C site in 2016 compare to 2006. Because area of Japanese Hops (Humulus japonicas) as one type of annual vegetation increased, other vegetation could not grow up by its powerful expandability. It is time to make active adaptive management based on not only continuos monitoring but also revaluation of river conditions in order to enhance habitat quality and quantity in Tan-chun ecological landscape reserve.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.56-71
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• 2003

Waste landfills have been the center of environmental problems and they must be restored due to environmental pollution, disgusting landscape, and cost of management. It is suggested that they be recycled urban space as cities expand. Specially, nonsanitary waste landfills which have no pollution prevention facilities cause serious problems. Restoring the landfills as parks and golf courses, so on makes more benefits because of cheap use land, closeness to urban area, flat topography applicable to parks and golf courses, and high land values after restoration and the changes to local recreation sites. Restoration of waste landfills is a complex, costly, and interdisciplinary work. But, the waste landfill is a manmade ecosystem. Control, restoration and postmanagement of waste landfills are very important problems. The role of vegetation prevents soil erosion, reduces soil water storage, and obstructs leachate seepage. Early restoration makes derelict lands into man park artificially geared to soil, vegetation, landforms and hydrology. But, Ideal restoration is to make stable ecosystem nature-friendly and compatible with surrounding landscape without more management. Landscape is structured hierarchically with patches and stands as small components and forms forest as large components. Therefore, landscape formation of the waste landfills needs much restoration process. There are many ecological restoration techniques for the waste landfills. Those are divided into artificial and natural methods. The artificial method is anthropogenic plantings while the natural method is to trigger and use succession processes. The most important thing in the restoration of waste landfills is to consider the final restoration objectives of each waste landfill. According to these objectives, the depth of covering layer, planting degree, and structural design should be determined. The effective restoration methods should be selected of artificial and natural options.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.131-147
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• 2005

Today, a trend that tries to return the artificial space of a river to a natural one is expanding. But in Korea, which lies in the monsoon climate zone, rivers endure flood damage every year. Moreover, climatic change from global warming causes severe variations in precipitation patterns. Until recently, river restoration practices in Korea have followed partial restoration. These restorative treatments transformed artificial structures of the stream to natural ones and introduced natural vegetation by imitating natural or semi-natural streams. Treatment transformed the riparian structure and increased the diversity of micro-topography and vegetation. Furthermore, restoration recovered species composition, increased species diversity, and inhibited the establishment of exotic species. In particular, the Suip stream, which was left to its natural process for approximately 50 years, recovered its natural features almost completely through passive restoration. An urban stream, the Yangjae, and a rural stream, the Dongmoon, were restored partially by applying ecological principles. On the contrary, technological treatment applied to recover flood damage induced species composition far from the natural vegetation and decreased species diversity. Additionally, this treatment increased exotic species. The same results were found also in benthic invertebrate and fish fauna. The above-mentioned results reflect the importance of ecological considerations in river management.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Despite it has been mentioned that the successful restoration in landscape level was achieved in the Young-il soil erosion control project, quantitative evaluation of restored plant communities (Alnus firma as introduced species and Pinus thunbergii as native species) was hardly founded. Light availability, litter and woody debris cover, and forest structure and composition were determined for 500 m² band-quadrat in three forest types. Abiotic factors of Q. serrata stands, as reference forest, and A. firma stands were similar but not for P. thunbergii stands. There were no significant difference on mean stem density (stems ha^-1, H = 3.6, p = 0.162), and the mean basal area of each stand had marginal significance (m² ha^-1, H = 5.7, p = 0.058) among stands as total basal area was higher with the order of A. firma (21.4 m² ha^-1), P. thunbergii (19.8 m² ha^-1) and Q. serrata (16.2 m² ha^-1). Restoration of vegetation structure was more effective in fast-growing and N-fixing A. firma, as introduced species plantation. However, result of MRPP, NMS ordination and ISPAN for herbaceous layer, not for tree and shrub species composition, indicated that restoration of ground vegetation was likely influenced highly from local environment. Propagule availability from landscape context such as connectedness to natural vegetation and management practices in restored isolated stands are available explanations for restoration effects and gaps between restored plantations and secondary oak forest.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2003

Forest fires happened simultaneously in Go-Seong, Gang-Neung, Sam-Cheok, Dong-Hae, Ul-Chin for 9 days(7th-15th of April, 2000). The area of those fires came to 23,794ha, about 80 times of Yeoui-Do and the extent of damage was the biggest and worst in Korea. The focus of this study is to compare the rate of restoration by damage types and develop the sound restoration model and efficient woodland management after the forest fire. The study site faces East Sea and the elements such as seasons, topographical features and etc. make difficult to obtain the suitable data from satellite. This study analyzed two images;2000yr and 2001yr after the fire. MODVI was more useful to grasp the damage than NDVI and the limitation of this study was the lack of images by damage types. The study suggests that lots of images are needed to monitor and analyze the forest fire site and the image of higher resolution is required to analyze the narrow site.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2024

Background: In Korea, riparian zones and some floodplains have been converted into agricultural fields and urban areas. However, there are essential for maintaining biodiversity, as they are important ecological spaces. There are also very important spaces for humanity, as they perform various ecosystem services in a changing environment including climate change. Due to the importance of rivers, river restoration projects have been promoted for a long time, but their achievement has been insignificant. Development should be pursued by thoroughly evaluating the success of the restoration project. Ecological restoration is to accelerate succession, a process that a disturbed ecosystem recovers itself, with human assistance. Ecological restoration can be a test bed for testing ecological theories in the field. In this respect, ecological restoration should go beyond a 'simple landscaping exercise' and apply ecological models and theories in restoration practice. Results: The cross-section of the restored stream is far from natural rivers due to its steep slope and artificial material. The vegetation profiles of the restored streams did not reflect the flooding regime of the river. The species composition of the vegetation in the restored stream showed a significant difference from that of the reference stream, and was also different from that of an unrestored urban stream. Although species richness was high and the proportion of exotic species was low in the restored stream, the effect was offset by the high proportion of gardening and landscaping plants or obligate terrestrial plants. Conclusions: Based on both the morphological and ecological characteristics of the river, the restoration effect in the restored stream was evaluated to be very low. In order to solve the problems, a systematic adaptive management plan is urgently required. Furthermore, it is necessary to institutionalize the evaluation of restoration effects for the development of river restoration projects in the future.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2016

산림청은 도로로 단절된 백두대간 생태계의 연속성을 복원하기 위해 2011년부터 생태축 복원사업을 추진하고 있으며, 본 연구는 초기단계에서 복원사업 이후 생태적 변화를 모니터링 하기 위해 2012년과 2013년 완공된 이화령, 육십령, 벌재, 총 3곳의 생태축 복원사업지와 각각 주변임분의 산림미기상, 식생 및 토양특성 변화를 비교, 분석하였다. 백두대간 생태축 복원사업에는 우리나라 능선부 대표식생인 소나무가 주로 조림되었고 사업준공 2년이 지난 지금 아까시나무, 물오리나무 등 상층수종이 주변 임분에서 이입되고 있었다. 당초 파종 또는 식재되었던 초본식물 종수의 변화는 연구대상지 중 이화령에서 가장 심하게 변화하였는데(25종 유입), 달맞이꽃, 개망초, 돼지풀, 미국나팔꽃, 기생초, 그늘사초 같은 외래식물의 유입이 증가하고 있어, 이에 대한 후속관리가 시급한 것으로 판단되었다. 이는 이화령이 다른 사업지에 비해 토양산도, 유기물, 전질소함량 등 토양의 화학적 특성이 열악하고(P<0.05) 주변임분과의 온도, 상대습도와 같은 산림미기상의 차이가 심하게 나타났다(P=0.001). 본 연구는 백두대간 생태축 복원사업 준공 후 2년차 결과를 비교한 것으로, 비록 초기단계 복원 모니터링이지만, 자연복원의 방향을 예측하는데 있어 중요하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.