• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.214-217
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• 2006

전 지구영역에 대해 1km 의 해상도로 제공되는 새로운 개념으로 완성된 지표 변수데이터 베이스인 Ecoclimap-1이 소개 된 바 있다. 이것은 기상과 기후의 모델에서 토양과 식물과 대기 사이의 이동 모식을 설명하기 위해 고안 되었으며, 이러한 Ecoclimap-1은 토지피복지도와 기후기도를 중첩하여 얻어진 Ecosystem 지도를 기본 주제도로 사용한다. 하지만 중첩한 결과 같은 class 에 포함되더라도 내부 class 에서의 식생의 시간 변동성은 여전히 높게 나타난다. 이와 달리 Ecoclimap-2는 새로운 방법으로, SPOT/VEGETATION S10 NDVI 자료를 이용하여 토지피복을 보다 동질의 하위 집단으로 분류 한다. 본 연구 에서는 이러한 Ecoclimap-2의 일환으로 동북 아시아 영역의 생태기후지도를 제공하고자 한다. 이러한 Ecosystem map 은 앞으로의 기후 모델 연구에 있어 중요한 base map 으로 사용 되어질 것으로 보이며 또한 생태계모델, 기상 모델의 중요한 input 자료로서 쓰여 질 것으로 사료 된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.83-99
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• 1994

To compare basic information and to inspect impacts situations between 1987 and 1992, this study was executed in Chongnung valley of Mt. Puk'an. And to provide basic informations through the change of plant species diversity, some methods were applied and analyzed such as the degree of environmental impacts and belt-transect method. The results were summarized as follows; 1. In order to find environmental impacts by visitor, the degree of environmental impacts class that was proposed by Kwon(1991) was implicated. In 4 sites, total area of over impact class 2 is 86,692$m^2$ and area of impacts class 4-6 that is impossible to recover naturally is 36,856$m^2$. Totally, the impacted area was profounded qualitatively and quantitatively against 1987's. 2. In the vegetation change by visitor's impacts, species diversity was rapidly decreased as nearer the campsite and trail. And in the basal area and coverage, lower layer species was sensitively changed. Trampling-resistent species is as following; Robinia pseudoacacia, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Staphylea bumalda, Clerdendron trichotomum, Stephanandra incisa, Rubus crataegifolius, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Weigela subsessilis, Rosa multiflora, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Lindera obtusiloba, Callicarpa japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, Symplocos mongolica and so on. In the results of soil hardness test, that was decreased as far away from campsite and trail. 3. In the 4 sites selected in Chongnung valley of Puk'ansan Natioal Park, management plans was largely divided 4 category, such as trail improvement, facilities setting, ecotone vegetation establishment, and vegetation rehabilitation. And a suggestion was provided to each site.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.292-303
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• 2021

Studies that relate the structure of tropical regrowth vegetation to soil properties are generally lacking in the literature. This study proposes three indices for assessing the structural regeneration of secondary forests. They are: (1) the tree diameter class, (2) the plant life form and (3) the woody/herbaceous plants ratio indices. They were applied to assess the regeneration status of forest regrowth vegetation (aged 1-10 years), derived savanna regrowth vegetation in south western Nigeria, and to secondary forests in different stages of succession in Columbia and Venezuela, Bolivia, Mexico in South and Central America and semi-arid savanna in Ethiopia and seasonal deciduous forest successional stages in India. In all the cases, the indices increased with increasing age of regrowth vegetation and hence, with increasing structural complexity of regenerating vegetation. The tree diameter class index increased from 32.1% in a 9-year secondary forest to 69.0% in an 80-year-old secondary forest in Columbia and Venezuela and from 0.4% in a 1-year fallow to 20.9% in 10-year regrowth vegetation in southwestern Nigeria. In semi-arid savanna in northern Ethiopia, the woody/herbaceous plants ratio index increased from 18.1% in a 5-year protected grazing enclosure to 75.1% in 15-year protected enclosure, relative to the status of 20-year enclosure. The indices generally had correlations of 0.6-0.90 with species richness and Simpson's/Margalef's species diversity, implying that they are appropriate measures of ecosystem development over time. The proposed indices also had strong and positive correlations with soil organic carbon and nutrients. They are therefore, significant indicators of fertility status.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1988

During one year period from Sep. 1986 to Sep. 1987, we have experienced 6 cases of infective endocarditis requiring surgical interventions. All 6 patients had class IV or V cardiac disability at the time of surgery. The indication for surgery was rapidly progressive congestive heart failure in all cases. Four patients underwent aortic valve replacement including one double valve replacement. Two other patients required other surgical procedures, removal of large left atrial vegetation mass in one patient and excision of destroyed pulmonary valve and aortic vegetation in the other patient. Two patients died; one of mitral annulus rupture after release of aortic clamp and the other of mediastinal bleeding 3 months after replacement of aortic valve. Three out of 4 survivors are in NYHA Class I and the remaining patient is in Class II. We emphasize that early operative intervention is life-saving in patients with persistent or progressive congestive heart failure, irrespective of the activity of the infective process or the duration of antibiotic therapy.

• 생태와환경
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2017

화산습지는 경북 군위와 영천 경계의 산정 분지 (표고 644~780 m)에 위치한다. Z.-M. 학파의 식물사회학적 방법으로 현장 식생조사가 이루어졌고, 현존식생도가 제작되었다. 단위식생의 출현종의 행동양식은 피도와 상대기여도를 이용하여 분석하였다. 버드나무하위군락, 전형하위군락, 산돌배하위군락으로 이루어진 오리나무-백당나무군락이 처음으로 기재되었다. 오리나무 우점림에 대한 선행 기재단위식생 (오리나무-진퍼리새군락, 오리나무-일본갈매나무군집, 버드나무-신나무군집 등)과의 군락분류학적, 군락동태학적 대응성이 논의되었다. 본 군락은 오리나무군강(Alnetea japonicae)에 귀속되고 산간 계류 선상지에서의 분지상(分地狀) 범람원 습생림으로 규정되었다. 화산습지의 잠재자연식생이고 증거 식생형으로서 식생보존등급 [I]의 자연식생으로 평가되었다. 입지의 수리수문 환경조건의 극적인 변화(건생화 및 부영양화)로부터 국가적 보호 전략이 요구되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2022

In this study, a monitoring method using high-resolution images acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles and deep learning algorithms was proposed for the management of the Sinduri coastal sand dunes. Class classification was done using U-net, a semantic division method. The classification target classified 3 types of sand dune vegetation into 4 classes, and the model was trained and tested with a total of 320 training images and 48 test images. Ignored label was applied to improve the performance of the model, and then evaluated by applying two loss functions, CE Loss and BCE Loss. As a result of the evaluation, when CE Loss was applied, the value of mIoU for each class was the highest, but it can be judged that the performance of BCE Loss is better considering the time efficiency consumed in learning. It is meaningful as a pilot application of unmanned aerial vehicles and deep learning as a method to monitor and manage sand dune vegetation. The possibility of using the deep learning image analysis technology to monitor sand dune vegetation has been confirmed, and it is expected that the proposed method can be used not only in sand dune vegetation but also in various fields such as forests and grasslands.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.908-910
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• 2003

In this paper the extraction method for the best suitable green vegetation area in urban area, Daegu, Korea, was developed using satellite images (1994, 1999, Landsat TM). For this, the GIS overlay analysis of GVI (Green Vegetation Index), SBI (Soil Brightness index), NWI (None-Such wetness Index) was performed to estimate the best suitable green vegetation area. Also, the statistical documents, algorithm and Tasseled-Cap index were used to recognize the change of land cover such as cultivation area, urban area, and damaged area. Through the result of this study, it is possible to monitor the large sized reclamation of land by drainage or damaged area by forest fires. Moreover, information with the change of green vegetation and the status of cultivation by GVI, but also moisture content by percentage by NWI and surface class by SBI can be obtained.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2004

The usefulness of the multi-temporal satellite image to monitoring the vegetation recovery process after forest fire was tested. Using multi-temporal Landsat TM and ETM＋data, NDVI and NBR changes over times were analyzed. Both NDVI and NBR values were rapidly decreased after the fire and gradually increased for all forest type and damage class. However, NBR curve showed much clearer tendency of vegetation recovery than NDVI. Both indices yielded the lowest values in severely damaged red pine forest. The results show the vegetation recovery process after forest fire can detect and monitor using multi-temporal Landsat image. NBR was proved to be useful to examine the recovering and development process of the vegetation after fire. In the not damaged forest, however the NDVI shows more potential capability to discriminate the forest types than NBR..

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2013

The entire land of Southern Iran faces problems arising out of various types of land degradation of which vegetation degradation forms one of the major types. The present work introduces a model developed for assessing the current status of hazard of vegetation degradation using Geographic Information System (GIS). This kind of assessment differs from those assessments based on vulnerability or potential hazard assessments. The Sadra watershed which covers the upper reaches of Marharlu basin, Fars Province, has been chosen for a hazard assessment of this type of degradation. The different kinds of data for indicators of current status of vegetation degradation were gathered from collecting of field data and also records of the governmental offices of Iran. Taking into consideration three indicators of current status of vegetation degradation the model identifies areas with different hazard classes. By fixing the thresholds of severity classes of the three indicators including per cent of vegetation cover, biomass production and ratio of actual biomass to potential biomass production, a hazard map for each indicator was first prepared in GIS. The final hazard map of current status of vegetation degradation was prepared by intersecting three hazards in the GIS. Results show areas under severe hazard class have been found to be widespread (89 %) while areas under moderate and very severe hazard classes have been found less extensive in the Sadra watershed. The preparation of hazard maps based on the GIS analysis of these indicators will be helpful for prioritizing the areas to initiate remedial measures.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2006

새로운 개념과 알고리즘으로 완성된 지표 변수 데이터베이스인 Ecoclimap-1이 전 지구 영역에 대해 1km의 해상도로 제공 된 바 있다. 이것은 기상과 기후의 모델에서 토양과 식물과 대기 사이의 이동을 정량적으로 표현하기 위해 고안 되었으며, Ecoclimap-1 데이터베이스를 구성하는 지표변수 자료들은 토지피복지도와 기후지도를 중첩하여 얻어진 생태기후 지도를 기본 주제도로 사용하여 각 클래스에 대한 값(per-class)로 제공된다. 생태기후지도의 제작은 일반적으로 사용하는 토지피복분류가 나타내지 못하는 동질 피복 내 생장 주기의 변동성을 고려하기 위한 것이다. 그러나 이렇게 중첩하여 얻은 주제를 사용하더라도 역시 같은 class내부의 식생 생장 주기의 변동성은 여전히 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 새로운 방법으로, SPOT/VEGETATION S10 NDVI 자료를 이용하여 토지피복지도와 기후지도의 단순 중첩이 아닌 동일 토지피복 클래스 내의 sub-clustering을 통하여 보다 동질의 하위 집단으로 분류한다. 본 연구는 Ecoclimap-2 project의 전 지구 데이터 베이스 구축의 일환으로 동북 아시아 지역의 생태기후지도 제작을 수행하였다. 사용된 토지피복지도는 University of Maryland Global Land Cover Database를 사용하였고 기후지도는 각 토지피복 클래스의 sub-clustering시 초기 군집의 수를 결정하기 위한 보조 자료로 사용하였다. 1999년부터 2004년 총 6년 동안의 NDVI 10-day 자료를 이용하였고 한 UMD토지피복 class내에 존재하는 모든 화소의 시 공간 긴밀도를 분석하여 비슷한 NDVI 정보를 가지는 화소들을 통합하였다. 이러한 과정을 통해 동북아시아를 총 29개의 ecosystem으로 정의 하였다. 이러한 ecosystem map은 앞으로의 기후 모델 연구에 있어 중요한 기본 주제도로 유용할 것으로 보이며 또한 생태계모델, 기상모델의 중요한 input 자료로서 쓰여 질 것으로 사료 된다.