• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.363-369
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• 1999

Reconstruction of the past vegetational changes of Korea in connection with climate changes enables to understand the impacts of past and future global warming on alpine vegetation. Despite the early appearance of the cold-tolerant vegetation since the Mesozoic Era. the occurrence of warmth-tolerant vegetation during the Oligocene and Miocene implies that most of alpine and subalpine vegetations have been confined to the alpine and subalpine belts of northern Korean Peninsula. The presence of cold-episodes during the Pleistocene. however. might have caused a general southward and downslope expansions of cold-tolerant alpine and subalpine vegetation. But the climatic warming trend during the Holocene or post-glacial period eventually has isolated cold-tolerant alpine and subalpine vegetation mainly in the northern Korea. but also on scattered high mountains in the southern Korea. The presence of numerous arctic-alpine and alpine plants on the alpine and subalpine belts is mainly due to their relative degree of sensitivity to high summer temperatures. Global warming would cause important changes in species composition and altitudinal distributional pattern. The altitudinal migration of temperate vegetation upward caused by climatic warming would eventually devastate alpine plants.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.439-450
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• 1997

The potential natural vegtation of the Pukhansan National Park area, mid-western Korea, was inferred from the actual vegetation. With the phytosociological classification and field surveys, the actual vegetation map of the park area was made on a scale of 1:25, 000, including fourteen communities. By the analyses of the species diversity, the age structure, the human interferences and various informations on vegetation changes, two pathways of late stage succession from Pinus densiflora forests to the climatic climax were suggested. One is from Quercus serrata forests to Q. mongolica forests throughout the mountain and the other, from Q. variabilis or Q. acutissima forests to Carpinus laxiflora forests in lower parts. Considering the vegetation changes, the potential natural vegetation of the park area mainly composed of Q. mongolica, C. laxiflora, P. densiflora and Zelkova serrata forest as the climatic and/or edaphic climax was inferred.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2004.03b
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• pp.574-579
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• 2004

In this study, finite difference method used in order to analyze influence on settlement of shallow foundation as a result of vegetation and environmental changes, On boundary conditions to analyze, divided the foundation to clayey silt, changed the amount of evaportanspiration to consider the influence of vegetation, and assumed that the duration of enviromental changes are 180 days to consider the influence of environmental changes. It is expected that this study will do to predicting settlement of shallow foundation as well as to preventing damage of shallow foundation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 1988

The potential natural vegetation of Naejangsan national park area, southwestern Korea, was inferred from the actual vegetation. With the phytosociological classification, ordinatins and field surveys, the actual vegetation map of the area was made in scale 1:25, 000, including ten communities of Pinus densiflora, quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, Carpinus laxiflora, Daphnipyllum macropodum, Carpinus tschonoskii, Quercus aliena-Carpinus tschonoskii, Cornus controversa-Lindera erythrocarpa, Torreya mucifera-Zelkova serrate and Acer mono-Zelkova serrata community. The analyses of species richness, age structure and various informations on vegetation changes suggest the three pathways of late stage succession from P. densiflora forest to climatic climax. The first of them is through Q. variabilis forest to Q. monogolica forest in the upper parts of the mountain, the second through Q. variabilis and Q. serrata forest to C. laxiflora forest in the middle parts and the third through Q. aliena forest to C. tschonoskii forest in lower parts. Considering the actual vegetation and informations on the vegetation changes including human activities, the potential natural vegetation of the mountain mainly composed of Q. monogolica, C. laxiflora, C. tschonoskii, P. densiflora and Z. serrata forest as climatic climax and/or edaphic climax was inferred. The present situration of nature conservation in the area was estimated by the examination on the actual vegetation and potential natural vegetation map.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 2009

In this study vegetation structure was monitored focusing on slanting surface of stream for the purpose of developing a management plan and ecological restoration of small stream in Paju. The study was conducted by types of geographical structure, yearly flora, naturalization rate changes, actual vegetation changes, plant community changes. Slope area of small stream in Paju was varied in the slope range of $10{\sim}35^{\circ}$. The survey results of yearly flora showed that 37 species appeared in 2000, 55 species in 2001, 95 species in 2002, and 125 species in 2003. Therefore, the trend of continuous increase of flora each year was observed. In the case of yearly changes of actual vegetation, indigenous wetland herb community including Phragmites communis$(19.99%{\rightarrow}18.42%{\rightarrow}19.60%)$ did not show substantial changes in the area, while the influence of controlled flora such as Humulus scandens$(8.86%{\rightarrow}5.26%{\rightarrow}9.73%)$, and Ambrosia artemisiifolia$(1.06%{\rightarrow}1.43%{\rightarrow}6.93%)$ were increased. The vegetation structure investigated by 18 preset belt-transects also indicated that Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus were maintaining the status or decreasing the population, while the population of Humulus scandens, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Setaria viridis, and Erigeron canadensis were greatly increased. Our proposal management to restore ecology is as follows: first, preservation and restoration of Phragmites communis landscape; second, restoration of potential stream vegetation community; third, selection and removal of controlled plants.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.895-903
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• 2023

This study investigates the impact of riparian vegetation in the floodplain on channel stability, changes in bend curvature, and meandering channel migration. In channels with riparian vegetation, over time, meander width remains relatively constant, but selective bank erosion leads to meander development and downstream movement. During this process, bank erosion and changes in the riverbed are not significant, and the channel maintains relatively constant conditions with reduced sediment discharge and minimal variability. As the density of vegetation increases, bank erosion rates decrease. The erosion rates along the riverbanks increase with the density of vegetation on the floodplain, thus affecting the development of meanders. This factor notably contributes to enhancing riverbank stability and influencing channel changes through floodplain vegetation. Bank erosion rates and dimensionless bend curvature are greatest when there is no riparian vegetation but decrease in conditions with vegetation. Furthermore, the relationship between lateral migration rate and dimensionless bend curvature is similar to that of bank erosion rates. Therefore, riparian vegetation enhances channel stability, influencing bank erosion, meander curvature, and meander migration.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.237-249
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• 2011

Land-use changes due to the socio-economic environment influence landscape patterns and processes, which affect habitats and biodiversity. This study considers the effects of such land-use changes, particularly on the traditional rural "Maeul" forested landscape, by analyzing landscape structure and vegetation changes. Three study areas were examined that have seen their populations decrease and age over the last few decades. Five types of plant life-forms (Raunkier life-forms) were distinguished to investigate ecosystem function. Principle component analysis was used to understand vegetation dynamics and community characteristics based on a vegetation similarity index. Ordination analysis transformed species-coverage data was introduced to clarify vegetation dynamics. Landscape indices, such as area metrics, edge metrics, and shape metrics, showed that spatial heterogeneity has increased over time in all areas. Pinus densiflora was the main land-use plant type in all study areas but decreased over time, whereas Quercus spp. increased. Over a decade, P. densiflora communities shifted to deciduous oak and plantation. These findings indicate that the impact of human activities on the Maeul landscape is twofold. While forestry activities caused heavy disturbances, the abandonment of traditional human activities has led to natural succession. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the type and intensity of these human impacts on landscape heterogeneity relate differently to vegetation succession. This reflects the cause and consequence of patch dynamics. We discuss an approach for sustainable landscape planning and management of the Maeul landscape based on traditional management.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of vegetation on the flood plain in the Taewha river on the changes of flood level using a hydraulic physical model experiment. To simulate 9.0 km river, 1/300 horizontally and 1/72 vertically distorted model was used. The vegetation areas were divided by three sub -areas and the flood level changes were examined according to the locations of vegetation as well as the transverse Profile. As a result, the flood level changes were not significantly affected by the densely distributed vegetation. It was concluded that additional adjustable vegetation in urban river could make useful hydrophilic space.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1335-1339
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• 2004

A hydro-geomorphologic change in a sand bed channel reach and vegetation expansion by changes in the How regime is analyzed in this study. Field and aerial photo surveys, basic hydrological analysis about flow regime change due to two dams, Andong Dam and Imha Dam, on the upstream river and computer modeling are conducted. Two Dams in the study reach have obviously affected downstream channel in many ways including the bed particle coarsening, vegetation expansion on the sandbars and following river channel braiding. The phenomenon of no vegetation on the large point bar in front of Hahwe Village seems due to disturbance of the sandbar surface probably due to the cross flow in the meander reach during the flood. Another reason for no vegetation is that the sandbar on this reach has lower subsurface water lovels, as compared with the others in the up- and downstream of the reach where vegetation expanded, which would hinder vegetation from germinating and growing on the sandbar.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.405-407
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• 2003

An attempt has been in this study to delineate the characteristics of spectral signatures of the vegetation in terms of various VIs, particularly made the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index2(MSAVI2) and Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI). Multitemporal SPOT-4 VEGETATION data from 1998 to 2002 have been used for the analysis. They have been compared with each other for their similarities and differences. The correlations between the vegetation indices observed at various degree of vegetation coverage during their different stages of growth were examined. All of the VIs have shown qualitative relationships to variations in vegetation. Apparently, the NDVI and MSAVI2 are highly correlated for all of the temporal changes, representing the different stages of phenology.