• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2019

Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been widely used to valorize food waste (FW) because of its ability to convert organic carbon into $CH_4$ and $CO_2$. Korean FW has a high content of fruits and vegetables, and efficient hydrolysis of less biodegradable fibers is critical for its complete stabilization by AD. This study examined the digestates from different anaerobic digesters, namely Rs, Rr, and Rm, as the inocula for the AD of vegetable waste (VW) and cellulose (CL): Rs inoculated with anaerobic sludge from an AD plant, Rr inoculated with rumen fluid, and Rm inoculated with anaerobic sludge and augmented with rumen fluid. A total of six conditions ($3\;inocula{\times}2\;substrates$) were tested in serial subcultures. Biogas yield was higher in the runs inoculated with Rm than in the other runs for both VW (up to 1.10 L/g VS added) and CL (up to 1.05 L/g VS added), and so was biogas production rate. The inocula had different microbial community structures, and both substrate type and inoculum source had a significant effect on the formation and development of microbial community structures in the subcultures. The overall results suggest that the bioaugmentation with rumen microbial consortium has good potential to enhance the anaerobic biodegradability of VW, and thereby can help more efficiently digest high fiber-content Korean FW.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2012

This study surveyed dietary intake and adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines in Korean adolescents. To elucidate basic data for use in nutrition education, which aims to improve adolescent compliance with the national dietary guidelines and to increase the intake of dietary fiber, we evaluated the sources of fiber in adolescent diets. This study included 182 male and 212 female students from 2 middle schools in the Jeonju province. From November 15~20, 2011, we surveyed the students for general characteristics, adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines, and dietary intake. Dietary fiber intake was $16.57{\pm}6.95$ g/day for male students and $16.14{\pm}7.11$ g/day for female students. The food groups that contributed most to dietary fiber intake were (in descending order) cereals, vegetables, seasoning, and fruits. The fiber-containing food items consumed most were cabbagekimchi, cooked rice, instant noodles, and cabbage. Based on adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines, the vegetable-based intake of dietary fiber in groups 1 (score 15~45), 2 (score 46~52), and 3 (score 53~75) were $4.41{\pm}2.595$ g/day, $4.12{\pm}2.692$ g/day, and $5.49{\pm}3.157$ g/day, respectively (p 0.001). In addition, the total intake of dietary fiber varied significantly among the three groups (p 0.001) as follows: Group 1, $14.99{\pm}6.374$ g/day; Group 2, $15.32{\pm}6.772$ g/day; and Group 3, $18.79{\pm}7.361$ g/day. In this study, we discovered that adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines correlates with improved intake of dietary fiber. Therefore, marketing and educational development is needed to promote adherence to the Korean national dietary guidelines. In addition, nutritional education is needed to improve dietary fiber consumption through the intake of vegetables and fruits other than kimchi.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.28-30
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• 1954

It was pointed out by Katagiri and Nakahama that the useful retling bacteria acted selectively on vegetable fiber materials and also they proposed that this selectivity was based on the specificity of protopectinase of the bacteria, and that the two characters might have certain parallel relation with each other. The result of the further experiments carried out by the author with mulberry-tree bark also confirmed the selectivity of some kinds of retling bacteria, but found no remarkably different action on protopectin from mulberry-tree bark. Accordingly no parallel relation between the selectivity of the retling bacteria and the specificity of the protopectinase was identified.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.965-974
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• 2007

본 연구는 새싹채소 혼합분말(배추, 유채, 브로콜리, 적무, 갓, 알팔파, 메밀 및 보리)이 혈액 및 지방조직의 지질대사 개선효과를 살펴보기 위하여 고지방식이를 섭취한 흰쥐에게 새싹채소 혼합분말을 식이의 5%와 10%로 4주간 급여한 후, 체내 지방조직의 지방 함량, 지방세포의 크기, 지방합성 관련 효소인 ME, 6PGDH, G6PDH, LPL 활성, 혈청 지질성상, 인슐린 및 렙틴 농도를 측정하였다. 체중증가량은 고지방식이만을 급여한 HF-N군이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 고지방식이와 새싹채소 혼합분말을 동시에 급여한 HF-CSL군과 HF-CSH군은 정상지방섭취군인 NF-C군과 유사하였다. 고지방식이만을 급여한 HF-N군은 지방조직의 무게와 지방 함량이 유의하게 높았으며, HF-CSL군과 HF-CSH군은 NF-C군보다도 낮은 경향이었다. 혈청 중 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 고농도의 새싹채소 혼합분말을 급여한 HF-CSH군이 정상지방섭취군인 NF-C군보다도 낮았으며, HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 NF-C군보다 높았다. 혈청 인슐린과 렙틴 농도는 HF-N군이 다른 군들에 비하여 가장 높게 나타났으며, 새싹채소 혼합분말의 효과는 새싹채소 혼합분말의 섭취량이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 지방세포의 크기도 HF-N군이 다른 군들에 비하여 유의하게 컸다. 새싹채소 혼합분말의 섭취량이 증가함에 따라 지방세포 크기가 작아지는 경향이었다. 지방조직의 지방합성관련 효소인 ME, 6PGDH 및 G6PDH 활성은 지방조직 모두 HF-N군에서 가장 높았다. 새싹채소 혼합분말을 고농도 첨가한 HF-CSH군은 ME와 G6PDH 활성이 가장 낮았으며, NF-C군과는 유사한 활성을 나타내었다. 새싹채소 혼합분말의 섭취량이 증가함에 따라 지방조직의 ME, 6PGDH 및 G6PDH 활성은 저하되었다. 지방조직의 HR-LPL과 TE-LPL 활성은 HF-N군이 다른 군들에 비하여 증가하였으며, 새싹채소 혼합분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 HR-LPL과 TE-LPL 활성 모두 유의하게 저하되었다. 고농도의 새싹채소 혼합분말을 첨가한 HF-CSH군은 NF-C군가 비슷한 LPL 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과 흰쥐의 경우 식이섬유소를 첨가하지 않고 고지방식이만을 급여 시 체중 및 체지방 함량 증가, 혈청 중 총콜레스테롤 및 중성지방 함량 증가, 지방합성관련 효소 활성 증가를 유도하며, 식이 지방의 섭취 수준이 심혈관계질환에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 고지방식이로 인하여 증가된 이러한 결과는 새싹채소 혼합분말 섭취로 혈청 및 지방조직의 지질대사 개선에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 효과는 새싹채소 혼합분말이 혈청 중 총콜레스테롤, 중성지질, 인슐린, 렙틴 농도의 변화와 지방조직의 지방합성관련 효소의 활성 변화로 유도된 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.51-63
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• 1996

Contributions by Tsai Lun, the paper inventor, are as follows; 1. As most of the materials, which were used, were the waste articles, the cost was cheap and the large quantity could be produced at a time. 2. It was much more convenient to use or carry them beyond comparison with the existing materials. 3. He established how to manufacture the paper if which the materials is vegetable fiber and invented a successive paper making. 4. He extended the kinds of paper manufacturing materials by instructing the worker about how to make the bark paper from the paper mulberry fiber, namely, he tried to realized the technological renovation to connect the past and the future. 5. As a result of his efforts, he greatly contributed to the social development as the supply of books and knowledge was smoothly active, and the paper is the best and ultimate one as the writing material.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2010

Seaweed has been consumed especially in the Asia since centuries ago as a vegetable (Matsukawa, 1997; Burtin, 2000; Raghavendran 2003). Seaweed has many valuable nutrients i.e. as a mineral resources, vitamin, and non-caloric fiber, also has potential antioxidant resources. Such of nutrition consists in the Seaweed is Chlorophyll, Carotene, Fucoxantine, Luteen and Zeaxantine, Polysaccharide and Diet Fiber, Mineral, Protein and Amino Acid, Fat and Fatty Acid, Vitamin, Polifenol, also Methanol. The benefits of some nutrition content on seaweed are as an antioxidant, slimmer agent, anti-diabetes, healthy for heart, eyes health, Iodium source, and some kind of vitamins functions. As a conclusion, developing research about seaweed we believe it would be a part of medicine material and food processing, also cosmetic industrial.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.404-408
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• 1997

단백질 분해효소를 이용하여 대두 단백질 가수분해물을 제조하여 물리화학적인 특성과 응용 가능성을 조사하였다. 단백질 함량이 60%이고, 가수분해도가 50%인 탈지대두박 분해물은 조미 소재의 기본 베이스로 사용하기에 적합하였고 이를 마일러드 반응시키고 조미하여 풍미를 향상시킨 가수분해물은 효소분해 간장 및 복합조미료의 원료로 사용 가능하였다. 대두분리단백의 가수분해물은 단백질 함량이 85%이며 평균 분자량이 250내외로서 환자식, 유아식, 스포츠 영양 등의 저엘러지 단백질원으로 적합하였다. 효소분해HVP의 염 함량은 2%이내로서 다른 원료와의 배합 사용량에 제한을 주지 않으면서 고 단백 제품의 개발을 용이하게 하였다. 대두박 분해의 부산물로 30%의 단백질 함량과 21%의 섬유소를 갖는 부산물이 생성되었으며 이는 식이섬유원, 보습제 또는 중량제로서의 응용 가능성이 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to verify the relation between vegetarian diet and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. To do the present study the vegetarians were selected;245 Buddhist nuns(age: 23-79yrs). For control subjects, 235 healthy female adults(age: 23-79yrs) were selected. They were the teachers, the nurses and the housekeepers living in Chinju Gyeongsang Namdoo Province. Study period was from October 1996 to February 1997. The contents are consist of survey, anthropometric measurement, and clinical examination. The average ages of the subjects were 44.20yrs for vegetarians and 40.52yrs for non-vegetarians respectively. Average body mass indice(BMI) of vegetarians and non-vegetarians were 22.47 and 21.08, WHR was 0.85 and 0.84, percentage of body fat was 28.79 and 26.55 and the average duration of vegetarian diet of the vegetarians was 13.16 years. On the nutrient related lipid, fat, the energy ratio of fat, saturated fatty acid, total fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid and total-cholesterol were significantly lower(p<0.01) but the ratio of p/s was significantly higher(p<0.01) in vegetarians than non-vegetarians. The vegetarians were significantly higher than the non-vegetarians in intake of fiber, vitamin C. In vegetarians, variables that significant negative correlation with fiber were total-cholesterol, AI, blood sugar. In non-vegetarians, variables that significant negative correlation with fiber were TG, total-cholesterol, blood sugar, systolic blood pressure. In both subjects, the serum lipid concentration and the blood pressure were getting lower with fiber intakes. Consequently, vegetable diet can be considerably effective in making the level of the risk factors causing in cardiovascular disease lower. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 313∼321, 2001)

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2010

Sugar snap cookies were prepared with the addition of carrot powder (2~12%) as a source of dietary fiber. Analyses of physiochemical properties, rheology and sensory evaluation of the cookies were conducted. Increasing carrot powder content weakened the flour, as evidenced by decreased diameter and increased thickness, which resulted in decreased spread factor. The water content of the carrot powder-amended cookies and unamended flour was not significantly different. The pH and L values progressively decreased and a and b values progressively increased with increasing addition of carrot powder. Textural analysis revealed no significant differences in brittleness with carrot powder addition, even though brittleness did decrease with the addition of more carrot powder. Sensory evaluation revealed a preference for cookies prepared with 2~4% carrot powder, with decreased preference at powder concentrations exceeding 6%. Addition of a dried vegetable with high fiber content caused the dietary fiber to absorb much water content, resulting in decreased diameter, increased thickness and decreased spread factor. Therefore, it is deemed desirable to increase the spread factor by controlling the water content and adding emulsifiers so as to enhance the functionality and maintain the quality of cookies.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.263-280
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• 2000

This survey was conducted to investigated the status of nutritional consumption and relationship of nutrition of patients in hospitals from 1998.9.1 to 1998.9.10. Calorie intake of male patients was lower than RDA but that of female patients were higher than RDA except female younger than 64 years old. Protein intake of male patients was 130% higher than RDA, and that of female patients was 150% more than RDA. Calcium intake was lower than RDA in male patients but higher than RDA in female patients except older than 75 years. Iron intake was higher than RDA in all patients except in male patients older than 75 years. while vitamin B$_1$and vitamin C intake was higher than RDA in all patients but vitamin A and niacin intake was lower than RDA. The rich patients intake enough iron through animal foods and stabilized patients intake vitamin B$_2$ more than RDA. All patients were recognized the importance of protein and vegetable for health and they were recognized also careful choosing of foods for health. Positive relationships were showed between intake of nutritional tablet and nutritional status, between less vegetable intake and less intake of calorie, fat, sugar and fiber and between appetite and vitamin B$_1$ and vitamin C. The result showed that the shorter period staying in hospital, the more intake of sugar, vitamin A and vitamin C.