• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.16-22
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• 1995

The profiles of the heating temperature in three water vat temperatures (55, 66 and 77$^{\circ}C$) and the cooling temperature under the average ambient temperature of 3$^{\circ}C$ in 4 and 10cm depths from surface at the center of veneer bolts length showed similar patterns for Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis). Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinei) and Radiata pine (Pinus radiata). The difference of these core temperatures of 10cm depth from surface varied proportionally with the increase of vat temperatures. The average heating time based on final core temperature of 6$^{\circ}C$ lower than vat temperature required about 14.5 hours in vat temperature of 55$^{\circ}C$ and 13.5 hours in vat temperature of 66and 77$^{\circ}C$. Each internal temperature of 4 and 10cm depths from surface started to decrease from the beginning of cooling and after about two hours.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.284-293
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• 2002

Nylon 6 and polyester taffeta fabrics are dyed in aqueous medium with vat dyes such as Indanthren Red FBB, Mikethren Blue ACE and Mikethren Blue HR varying the compositions of sodium hydrosulfite and NaOH. Also nylon UMF nonwoven and polyester UMF knitted fabrics are dyed with metal complex and disperse dyes as a reference, and the wash and rubbing fastnesses for these dyes are investigated. In vat dyeing of polyester and nylon taffeta, an optimum composition of sodium hydrosulfite/NaOH is existed at a range of 1∼2wt%/0.2wt%. A good build-up property for Mikethren Blue ACE on nylon 6 UMF nonwoven fabric is shown at high temperature. Vat dyeing of polyester with Mikethren Blue Ace shows a good color shade in a higher temperature, while dyeing with Mitsui Blue HR shows low temperatures. Vat dyes In dyeing of both nylon 6 UMF nonwoven and polyester UMF knitted fabrics have a better wash fastnesses compared with metal complex or disperse dyes.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2005

Textile dyeing with vat dyes has the highest color fastness although one and the same dye of all vat dyes cannot always satisfy every color fastness requirement. So we examined cotton, nylon 6, and polyester fabrics dyed with vat dyes. Cotton, nylon 6 and polyester fabrics were dyed with vat dyes such as C. I. Vat Blue 1, Blue 19, Black 9, Green 1, Orange 2, and Violet 1 containing sodium hydrosulfite and NaOH. Oxidation were carried out by a sodium peroxoborate after dyeing. The dyed materials were soaped at the boil after oxidation. Especially hydrolysis and overreduction for dyed polyester with vats dyes containing -NHCO- and -NH- groups such as C. I. Vat Blue 6, Black 25, Black 27, Red 10, and Green 3 occurred. It seems that these phenomena are due to a high dyeing temperature. Wash and rubbing fastness of nylon are higher than that of cotton and polyester. Light fastness of cotton is higher than that of polyester and nylon.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2020

본 연구는 PTT에 vat 염료의 염색성을 살펴보고, vat 염료로 염색된 PTT의 취화거동 및 퇴색거동을 연구하였다. PTT 소재에 vat 염료의 염착을 개선하기 위하여 pad-steam 법을 응용하였으며, 염색 중에 산 처리 효과를 살펴보았다. 염색 과정에서 산 처리는 vat 염료의 입자 크기를 작게 만들어 소재 내부 침투를 용이하게 하고 염료의 과환원을 방지하여 염색성을 향상시켰다. 여기에 pad-steam 염색법은 일반적인 침염법보다 염료의낯 고착성을 증가시켜 균염을 개선하였다. Vat 염료로 염색된 PTT의 취화와 퇴색거동은 열과 자외선에 일정시간 동안 노출시킨 후 인장강도와 K/S 값으로 분석하였다. 열과 자외선의 온도가 올라갈수록, 또 노출 시간이 증가할수록 시료의 인장강도 저하되었으나, 이러한 취화 속도는 산화방지제와 함께 분산염료로 염색된 시료보다 더 느리게 나타나서 향상된 거동을 보였다. 퇴색거동 역시 vat 염료로 염색된 시료가 자외선흡수제가 포함되고 분산염료로 염색된 시료보다 훨씬 뛰어난 특징을 나타냈다. 결과적으로 vat 염료는 pad-steam 법으로 PTT 소재에 효과적으로 적용시킬 수 있으며, 이때의 내열성과 내광성은 우수하게 나타났다.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2005

enVix is a novel regenerated cellulosic fiber, which is prepared from cellulose diacetate fiber using environmentally friendly manufacturing process. Vat dyeing properties of the enVix were investigated and compared with those ofregular viscose rayon. The enVix exhibited better dyeability than viscose rayon. The colour yields of vat dyes on the enVix were found to be dependent on dyeing temperature as well as the amount of levelling agent and salt. Good build-up and good to excellent fastness properties were obtained on the en Vix fabric.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.41-41
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• 2001

In this study, synthetic fiber fabrics such as polyester, nylon 6, acrylic and acetate were dyed with indigoid vat dye. The effects of the composition of alkaline reduction, dyeing time and dyeing temperature on color strength and color fastness of the fabrics were investigated. Also the color fastnesses to wash and light of the dyed fabrics were studied. In dyeing of polyester, nylon, acrylic and acetate fiber fabrics with indigo vat dyes, it appears that these fabrics have high values of K/S up to Ig/L of sodium hydroxide and 6g/L of reducing agent. Indigo vat dyeing for synthetic fiber fabrics was verb fast, and lead to dyeing equilibrium within twenty minutes. The K/S values of dyed fabrics did not changed in dye concentration more than 10% o.w.f.. Synthetic fiber fabrics dyed with indigoid dyes had bad light fastness.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2001

In this study, synthetic fiber fabrics such as polyester, nylon 6, acrylic and acetate were dyed with indigoid vat dye. The effects of the composition of alkaline reduction, dyeing time and dyeing temperature on color strength and color fastness of the fabrics were investigated. Also the color fastnesses to wash and light of the dyed fabrics were studied. In dyeing of polyester, nylon, acrylic and acetate fiber fabrics with indigo vat dyes, it appears that these fabrics have high values of K/S up to Ig/L of sodium hydroxide and 6g/L of reducing agent. Indigo vat dyeing for synthetic fiber fabrics was verb fast, and lead to dyeing equilibrium within twenty minutes. The K/S values of dyed fabrics did not changed in dye concentration more than 10% o.w.f.. Synthetic fiber fabrics dyed with indigoid dyes had bad light fastness.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2010

Using extracted sepia melanin powder by repeated treatments with aqueous sodium hydroxide and acetic acid solutions, vat dyeing of wool and cotton fabrics was carried out under various dyeing conditions including concentration of melanin, alkali, reducing agent and salt, as well as dyeing time and temperature. A K/S of 25.3 for wool fabrics was obtained at the optimal dyeing condition with 9% owf melanin, 0.5g/L NaOH and 56g/L $Na_2S_2O_4$ without salt at $80^{\circ}C$ for 90minutes. The vat dyeing of sepia melanin was applicable to both cotton and wool fabrics but the wool showed higher dyeability. The color fastness properties of the dyed wool and cotton fabrics were excellent to washing, rubbing and light irradiation.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2006

In synthetic/spandex blends fibers, contents of the synthetic fiber by percentage is higher than those of spandex. Thus, the dyeing process of the blends fiber is mainly focused on the synthetic fiber, but not the spandex. In this study, we used several series of vat dyes for dyeing the nylon/spandex blend fabrics and their dyeing properties(fk value) were investigated at various reduction agents, temperatures, pH which have the potential for deep shade dyeing effects. The formamidinesulfinic acid were found to be effective to increase the fk values of the blend fiber compared to sodium hydrosulfite and Rongalit C. Higher temperature($100^{\circ}C$) and lower pH(pH 4) were observed as suitable conditions for maximum fk values.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2001

Natural indigo dyeing has been used mainly on cellulosic fibers and silk during the course of history in Korea. In order to extend the usage of this one of the most important natural dyes, its dyeability on wool fabrics has been studied to find out the optimum dyeing condition for wool fiber which is susceptible to alkaline medium. The dyeing method used was hydrosulphite vat of extracted dye. K/S values of dyed fabrics were investigated to analyze the dyeability of natural indigo on wool fibers and colors were measured through $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$ and Munsell Values. Highest K/S values were obtained at the temperature of 60(C and pH 7 to 8. The Munsell Values for hue of wool fabrics dyed with extracted indigo powder using hydrosulphite vat fell mostly in PB range. As the dyebath pH increased, blueness increased. Different dyeing conditions resulted in change of colors of dyed fabrics due to the difference in amounts of indigotin and indirubin contents within the dyed fiber as shown by HPLC.