• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the vegetation and vegetation structure of Mt. Man in Hwacheon Gun from April to October 2018. The survey site is located in the northern part of South Korea where the climate is similar to that of North Korea. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for efficient ecological forest management after unification. A total of 341 vascular plant taxa are recorded, representing 221 genera, 4 subspecies, 42 varieties and 6 forms in 84 families. Rare species, including Crataegus komarovii and Amitostigma gracile are found across 10 taxa; 8 families, 10 genera, 9 species, 1 variety. Naturalized Plants, including Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Erigeron annuus found across 11 taxa; 6 families, 10 genera, 11 species. Dominant tree species of the tree layer based on the highest importance values were: Quercus mongolica (23.47%), Larix kaempferi (11.43%), Fraxinus rhynchophylla (8.30%), in the subtree layer were: Lindera obtusiloba (11.38%), Acer pictum subsp. mono (11.33%), Fraxinus rhynchophylla (9.80%) and in the shrub layer were: Lindera obtusiloba (10.22%), Fraxinus rhynchophylla (8.43%), Rubus crataegifolius (8.00%), in the herb layer Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (5.67%), Oplismenus undulatifolius (5.00%), Lysimachia clethroides (3.49%) respectively. The species diversity of Mt. Man was 1.1764 in the tree layer, 1.2403 in the subtree layer, 1.4135 in the shrub layer, and 1.7416 in the herb layer. In conclusion, if we utilize the flora and vegetation structure surveyed in Mt. Man, we can effectively manage the degraded forests with similar altitudes and climate zones in North Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.109-133
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• 2022

We investigated the flora of Gwanmae island and discussed important vascular plants found on the island. We made plant list using voucher specimens collected from Gwanmae island from 2016 to 2021 and deposited in CNU. There are 500 taxa in Gwanmae island, comprising 103 families, 307 genera, 461 species, 4 subspecies, 32 varieties and 3 forms. Eight endemic plants of Korea were found including Saussurea polylepis Nakai. There are 15 red list plants designated by Ministry of Environment including Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium (Makino) Garay and Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm. There are total 126 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants including 4 taxa of level V such as Juniperus procumbens (Siebold ex Endl.) Miq., 4 taxa of level IV such as Wisteria japonica Siebold & Zucc., 45 taxa of level III such as Rubus trifidus Thunb., 16 taxa of level II such as Glehnia littoralis F. Schmidt and 56 taxa of level I such as Carpesium glossophyllum Maxim. There are 32 invasive plants including Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.56-79
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• 2020

Baekdudaegan, the largest mountain range in eastern Asia, is a biodiversity hotspot in Korea that may have served as a glacial refugium. This study presents the flora of vascular plants on Deok-chi upto the Yuk-sim-nyeong area of the Baekdudaegan conservation area. The survey area was divided into four subareas and fieldwork was conducted for a total of twelve days in 2015. Voucher specimens were collected during the survey and were deposited at Daejeon University. A list of vascular plants was prepared based on the voucher specimens. The results of the survey showed that a total of 441 taxa, consisting of 100 families, 265 genera, 398 species, 9 subspecies, 32 varieties, and 2 forms, were found in the survey area. There was one endangered species, Aconitum coreanum, in the Bonghwasan Mt. area. Sixteen endemic taxa, 74 floristic regional indicator plants, as designated by the Ministry of the Environment, and eleven naturalized plants were distributed. The results of this study can serve as basic information to establish conservation and management plans for the Baekdudaegan conservation area.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.178-213
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Baengnyeongdo (Isl.). The vascular plants which were collected in 5 times (from Aug. 2011 and Nov. 2012) were identified as 732 taxa in total, including 124 families, 411 genera, 647 species, 8 subspecies, 68 varieties, 7 forms and 2 hybrids. 193 of these taxa were first records for the region. In the flora of this area, the endangered plants designated and protected by the wildlife protection law, the Ministry of Environment, Korea were counted to two taxa. Korean endemics plants numbered 8 taxa, and 78 taxa of specially designated floristic regional indicator plants by the Ministry of Environment. And rare plants were identified as 20 taxa. Based on the list of southern and northern limit of distribution plants, 30 taxa and 43 taxa of halophytes were recorded in the investigated area. The naturalized plants were identified as 92 taxa, and their naturalization ratio were found to be 12.5%, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2003

This study was executed by China along with the Tumen river, which formed border of North Korea and China. As a result 91 family, 282 genera, 363 species, 57 variety 4 species, total 424 taxa of vascular plants were identified. The examination area was include the region that had various vegetation such as upper swampy land, seashore dune, a river, a high mountain grassy plain, deciduous tree zone, evergreen coniferous forest zone. The followings are representative plants, which found in an examination area but not in South Korea. Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelini var. principis-ruprechtii, Betula playphylla, Ulmus pumila, Populus koreana, Ledum palustre var. diversipilosum, Rhododendron parvifolium, Salix brachypoda, Phacelurus latifolius, Carex gotoi, Carex capricornis, Calla palustris, Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila, Lilium davuricum, Astragalus membranaceus, Trifolium lupinaster, Ledebourieila seselodeds, Polemonium racemosum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Linnaea borealis, Thladiantha dubia, Inula helenium, Trollius hondoensis, Hypocaeris ciliata, Aconitum kirinense, Aconitum arcuatum, Potentilla viscosa var. macrophylla. And there are 21 rare and endangered species, which Korean Forest Sevice designated, such as Aconitum koreanum, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Polygonatum stenophyllum, Drosera rotundifolia, Iris setosa, Jeffersonia dubia, Lilium davuricum, Lilium cernum, Paeonia obovata, Penthorum chinense, Phacelurus latifolius, Rosa marretii, Sparganium stoloniferum, Thymus quinquecostatus, Trillium tschonoskii, Utricularia japonica, Tripterospermum japonicum, Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, etc. Especially, plants like, Acanthopanax senticosus, Jeffersonia dubia and Lillum cernum which have high values of ornamental, and medical use are in an extinction crisis. High swampy land was formed to upper stream of Tumen river. It showed representative vegitation, like Carex sp., Scirpus radirans, Eriophorum latifolium. Wetlands plant and a dune plant were mixed in down stream area of Tumen river. On a dune, seashore plants, such as Carex kobomugi, Salsola collina, Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides, Rosa rugosa, Scutellaria strigillosa, Linaria japonica, Phacelurus latifolius were appeared frequently.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.597-612
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• 2013

The flora of Is. Gageodo (N $34^{\circ}02^{\prime}{\sim}34^{\circ}05^{\prime}$, E $125^{\circ}05^{\prime}{\sim}125^{\circ}08^{\prime}$) in Sinangun (Province Jeollanamdo) was surveyed from April 2010 to October 2011. The vascular plants from the results of 23 field surveys were revealed as 385 taxa; in total 98 families, 258 genera, 348 species, three subspecies, 31 varieties and four forms. Fifty taxa were the first records in this region. The plants in various categories were discovered in this study. The number of Korean endemic plants were 7 taxa, and 8 taxa designated by Korean Forest Service as rare plants were investigated in this region. The plants above the third degree among the floristic regional indicator plants designated by Korean Ministry of Environment were 30 taxa. In addition, 28 taxa of the naturalized plants were recorded.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.94-104
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• 2018

The Soyangho Reservoir in Korea has a large drawdown zone, with an annual maximum water level fluctuation of 37 m due to dam operations to maintain a stable water supply and control flooding, especially during the monsoon period. The floristic composition, distribution and biomass of the major plant communities in the drawdown zone of the Soyangho Reservoir were assessed in order to understand their responses to the wide water level fluctuation. Species richness of vascular plants was low, and species composition was dominated by herbaceous annuals. Principal coordinates analysis using both flora and environmental data identified slope angle and the distance from the dam as important factors determining floristic composition. The species richness was low in the steep drawdown zone close to the dam, where much of the soil surface was almost devoid of vegetation. In shallower slopes, distant from the dam plant communities composed of mainly annuals were found. The large fluctuation in water level exposed soil where these annuals could establish. An overall biomass of 122 t (metric tons) Dry Matter was estimated for the reservoir, containing ca 3.6 t N (nitrogen) and ca 0.3 t P (phosphorus); the role of the vegetation of the drawdown zone in carbon sequestration and water pollution were briefly discussed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.485-500
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• 2014

This study was carried out to inventory the vascular plant flora in Oenarodo Island, Jeollanam-do, South Korea in 2011. The vascular plants collected from the survey sites consisted of 574 taxa in total; 7 forms, 62 varieties, 2 subspecies, 503 species, 342 genera and 117 families. Among them, 8 taxa of Korean rare plants were found distributed in the sites, including Peucedanum hakuunense Nakai, Cymbidium macrorrhizum Lindl. and Bupleurum falcatum L. 6 taxa of Korean endemic plants such as Hepatica insularis Nakai and Carex okamotoi Ohwi were collected. In addition 101 notable taxa designated by the Ministry of Environment were collected as well. 46 taxa of naturalized plants, such as Paspalum distichum var. indutum Shinners and Veronica hederaefolia L. were recognized widely distributed in the sites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-31
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to offer the basic data for the restoration and conservation of forest wetland by surveying systematically the vascular plants of Sandeul wetland in Mt. Jaeyak, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The vascular plants in this wetland were recorded as 232 taxa; 74 families, 178 genera, 200 species, 27 varieties and 5 forma. The major communities were Quercus mongolica, Tripterygium regelii, Alnus japonica, Molinia japonica, Salix gracilistyla and Stephanandra incisa. The numbers of plant species by routes were 168 taxa in A-route, 126 taxa in B and 132 taxa in C. The ecological problems in Sandeul wetland were the afforestation of Pinus koraiensis and P. thunbergii, the appearance of naturalized plants, the invasion of species and the scour of valley. The Korean endemic plants were 5 taxa; Salix hallaisanensis, Hepatica insularia; Chrysosplenium barbatum, Ajuga spectabilis and Weigela subsessilis. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 3 taxa; Aristolochia manshuriensis, Chrysanthemum lineare and Iris ensata var, spontanea. The naturalized plants were 8 taxa; Rumex acetocella, R. crispus, Trifolium repens, Oenothera lamarckiana, Ambrosia artemisifolia var. elatior, Helianthus tuberosus, Erigeron annuus and Phleuum pratense.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 2013

Knowing how many species live in a ecosystem is a major work because of the distributions of species are determined by the environmental condition. This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of vascular plants of Gonggeom-ji, located in Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, from April to October on 2012. The vascular plants were summarized as 240 taxa including 69 families, 176 genus, 204 species, 2 subspecies, 29 varieties, and 5 forma. Among the investigated taxa, 3 taxa of Korean endemic plants were included. Based on the list of specially designated plants by Ministry of Environment, 11 taxa including Alisma orientale, Monochoria korsakowii and Nymphoides peltata were recorded. The naturalized plants were identified as 26 taxa and the ratio of naturalized index (NI) was 10.8% of vascular plants recorded. 31 taxa of hydrophytes showed 17.8% of Korea. To conservation of wetlands, we suggest that it is required to minimize for unnecessary disturbance of human and to make a strategy for effective management by continuous monitoring for ecosystem alteration.