• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.40-70
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• 1996

In the literatual study on the cerebral vascular dementia, the results were as follows : 1. Cerebral vascular dementia is so called apoplectic dementia, because it almost occurs after apoplexy, the attack rate has gradually increased by increase of life, so it exert a harmful influence to geriatric diseases. 2. The etiological factors are summarized on deficiency in the heart, kidney, liver(心, 腎, 肝虛), pathogenic wind(豊) pathogenic fire(火) phlegm(痰) and stagnated blood(瘀血) in the oriental medicine, and multiple cerebral infarction, cerebral anemia, decrease of cerebral vascular flow are etiological factors in the occidental medicine. 3. The region of infarction and attack of cerebral vascular dementia have a close connection, and generally the cerebral vascular dementia easily occur in injury of white matter of brain. 4. Symptoms of cerebral vascular dementia are dysphasia, walking disorder, hemiplegia, sensory paralysis, disturbance of memory, judgement, calculation, emotion incontinence, speech impediment, silence or talkative, lower thinking ability and depersonalization, and symptoms are aggravated by stage. 5. Therapeutic herb medicines are Palpungsan(八風散), Baepungsan(排風散), Jinsaanshinhwan(辰砂安神丸), Sabacksan(四白散), Kanghwalyupungsan(姜活愈風散), Woohwangchungshimhwan(牛黃淸心丸), and they are used to dispelling pathogenic wind(祛風), soothe the nerves(安神), dispel pathogenic heat from lung, nourish the blood(淸肺養血).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.806-811
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• 1985

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula is a rare congenital vascular malformation in the lung, resulting from erroneous capillary development, with incomplete formation or disintegration of the vascular septa that would normally divide the primitive connection between the venous and arterial plexus. The pathogenesis of its symptom is that unoxygenated and desaturated arterial blood enter into the pulmonary venous system directly. Recently we have experienced a case of multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistula in a 15 year old male patient, who presented the symptom of cyanosis and dyspnea on exertion. The operation revealed well circumscribed and multilobulated aneurysmal lesion in left lower lobe with its subpleural and posterolateral basal location, and another aneurysmal lesion in inferior lingular segment of left lung. There was no abnormal connection between the fistula and systemic circulation. The left lower lobectomy was performed along with local extirpation of the inferior lingular segment of left lung. Both lesions showed angiomatous dilatation of the various sized vessels embedded in the parenchyma microscopically. Postoperative clinical course disclosed much improvement in symptoms and in the value of blood gas analysis. The patient was discharged without any complication.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2010

While ginseng is reported to have a wide array of applications, there is growing evidence for its indications in diabetes and vascular disease. A clear connection, however, has not been established between ginseng's composition, dose and its targeted efficacy in humans. We therefore developed and initiated the Korean Red Ginseng Clinical Testing Program for diabetes and vascular function which is an efficacy and safety-based clinical screening model for ginseng. The most efficacious sources, ginsenoside profiles, doses, and modes of administration were examined in sequential, acute, followed by long term, randomized-controlled trials to investigate the efficacy and safety profiles. This review discusses the current state of the clinical research of Korean red ginseng program conducted in Toronto, paving the way for the use of clinically selected ginseng and its ginsenoside fractions in the management of diabetes and vascular diseases.

• Vascular Specialist International
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2018

Turner syndrome, also described as 45, X, may present with most serious cardiovascular anomalies including risk of aortic dissection and rupture. In emergency situation, management for aortic dissection with complicated anatomy accompanying vascular anomaly is challenging. Here, we report a rare case of ruptured type B aortic dissection with aberrant subclavian artery and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a Turner syndrome. Through right carotid-subclavian artery bypass and thoracic endovascular aortic repair, successful hybrid endovascular management correlated with a favorable result in this emergency situation.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제73권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 1986

단풍나무속(屬) 15수종(樹種)에 대하여 엽병(葉炳) 유관속지(維管束枝) 변화형(變化型)을 해부학적(解剖學的) 방법(方法)에 의해 엽병(葉炳)의 기부(基部)에서 정부(頂部)까지 추적(追跡)하여 분류(分類)하였다. 기본유관속지(基本維管束技)의 수(數)는 3개(個)이나, 복장나무는 3~4개(個)이었다. 유관속(維管束)은 분리(分離), 이동(移動) 및 결합(結合)되며, 분리(分離)되는 수(數)는 11~32개(個)이었고, 결합(結合)되는 수(數)는 0~17개(個)이었다. 분리(分離)와 결합비(結合比)는 0.00~8.00이며, 유관속지(維管束枝) 최대(最大) 수(數)의 절편번호(切片番號)는 39번(番)으로 12수종(樹種)에서 관찰되었고, 신나무와 중국단풍은 절편번호(切片番號) 11번(番), 만주고로쇠와 놀웨이단풍은 13번(番), 은단풍은 26번(番)이었다. 엽병절편(葉炳切片)에서 나타난 최대(最大) 유관속지(維管束枝)의 수(數)는 11~20개(個)이었다. 주유관속지(主維管束枝)에 결합(結合)되는 분지(分技) 수(數)는 0~6개(個)이며, 분리(分離)되는 수(數)는 0~7개(個)이었다. 기본유관속(基本維管束) A, B와 C의 분리(分離) 및 결합비(結合比)는 B기본유관속지(基本維管束枝)를 중심(中心)으로 한 대칭형(對稱型)은 A>BC, AB>C형(型)이 있었으며, 주유관속지(主維管束枝) 형성과정(形成過程)에 의한 분류군(分類群)은 a~g형(型)으로 7가지가 있었다. 특(特)히, 네군도단풍과 은단풍은 중앙유관속지(中央維管束枝)를 가지고 있었으며 그 변화형태(變化形態)도 특이(特異)하였다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2001

Echocardiography and catheterization angiography suffer certain limitations in the evaluation of congenital heart diseases in adults, though these are overcome by MRI, in which a wide field-of view, unlimited multiplanar imaging capability and three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography techniques are used. In adults, recently introduced fast imaging techniques provide cardiac MR images of sufficient quality and with less artifacts. Ventricular volume, ejection fraction, and vascular flow measurements, including pressure gradients and pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio, can be calculated or obtained using fast cine MRI, phase-contrast MR flow-velocity mapping, and semiautomatic analysis software. MRI is superior to echocardiography in diagnosing partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, unroofed coronary sinus, anomalies of the pulmonary arteries, aorta and systemic veins, complex heart diseases, and postsurgical sequelae. Biventricular function is reliably evaluated with cine MRI after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, and Senning's and Mustard's operations. MRI has an important and growing role in the morphologic and functional assessment of congenital heart diseases in adolescents and adults.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1989

Forty-five patients, aged 16 months to 15.5 years mean 69 months, with a wide variety of cardiac malformations underwent the modified Fontan operation between Sep. 1986 to Aug. 1988. Nineteen patients had previously undergone palliative operations mainly modified B-T shunt. Twenty patients had a mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 15 mmHg, with nine operative deaths. Thirteen patients had anomalies of systemic venous connection and seven patients had anomalies of pulmonary venous connection. There were eighteen patients under the age 4 years and fifteen of them survived [83.3%]. Eighteen patients had a pulmonary vascular resistance [PVR] more than 2.5U/m, and nine died [50%] whereas two of twenty-three with a PVR less than 2.5U/m died[8.6%]. PVR and anomalies of pulmonary venous connection had a significant influence on survival, but age and anomalies of systemic venous connection did not. Amount of pleural effusion drained postoperatively and PVR had positive linear correlation. Pulmonary artery pressure was not an independent predictor of outcome and pulmonary artery pressure alone should not contraindicate a Fontan procedure if PVR is low. In general, the Fontan operation should be done at a younger age less than 4 year to avoid ventricular dysfunction due to long-standing exposure to hypoxia.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 1998

Characteristics of species distribution in the Baekdoo Great Mountain Chain of Kangwon Province were discussed. Resulting from Detrending Correspondence Analysis based on the floristic composition of 48 mountains, the mountains of the Baekdoo chain tended to aggregate on DCA axis. it represented that there was the peculiar floristic composition of the Baekdoo chain separated from the other mountains. High altitude, longitude near the East Sea and large number of vascular species were main factors for the distribution pattern. And exponential relationships between endemic rare species and number of species were clarified. Even though the regions of the Baekdoo Great Mountain Chain had been conserved relatively well, many regions have been faced to be disturbed for tourism, agriculture, forestry, livestock industry and mining since the local autonomy. Thusm, the necessity for the establishment of large area network through the connection of scattered protected areas in the Baekdoo Great Mountain Chain was suggested. it would play a role as a core of nature conservation to sustain species diversity in Korea.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2003

Both flow visualizations and computational fluid dynamics were performed to determine hemodynamics in a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) model for surgically correcting congenital heart defects. From magnetic resonance images, an anatomically correct glass model was fabricated to visualize steady flow. The total flow rates were 4, 6 and 8L/min and flow rates from SVC and IVC were 40:60. The flow split ratio between LPA and RPA was varied by 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. A pressure-based finite-volume software was used to solve steady flow dynamics in TCPC models. Results showed that superior vena cava(SVC) and inferior vena cava(IVC) flow merged directly to the intra-atrial conduit, creating two large vortices. Significant swirl motions were observed in the intra-atrial conduit and pulmonary arteries. Flow collision or swirling flow resulted in energy loss in TCPC models. In addition, a large intra-atrial channel or a sharp bend in TCPC geometries could influence on energy losses. Energy conservation was efficient when flow rates in pulmonary branches were balanced. In order to increase energy efficiency in Fontan operations, it is necessary to remove a flow collision in the intra-atrial channel and a sharp bend in the pulmonary bifurcation.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.592-601
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• 2019

관상동맥 시술을 위해 혈관 조영 X-선 영상은 시술 진단 및 보조에 유용하게 활용된다. 삼차원의 복잡한 구조를 가진 관상동맥을 이차원 X-선 영상에서 기존의 단일기법만을 사용하여 정확히 분할하는 것에 어려움이 있으며, 특히 혈관이 중간에 끊어지거나 말단부위혈관이 유실되는 현상으로부터 오차가 크게 발생하는 경향이 있었다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 기존 단일기법으로 초기분할 단계를 거친 후, 초기분할결과를 기반으로 정교한 보정영역을 설정하는 단계, 보정영역을 대상으로 패치기반 지역보정을 수행하는 단계가 수행된다. 본 연구를 통해 끊긴 혈관을 보완한 분할 결과를 구할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 미세혈관까지 포함하지 못한 참 값의 한계점을 해결할 수 있다. 또한, 존재하는 기존 관상동맥 분할방법들에 융합하여 추가적인 성능개선을 얻어낼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 Fully convolutional network 기반 깊은 신경망 네트워크인 U-net을 활용하였으며, 제안된 보정방법을 융합하여 기존 U-net 단일 모델 대비 성능이 상당히 개선된다는 것을 실제 여러 환자들의 데이터 셋을 통하여 증명하였다.