• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2016

$M{\ddot{o}}nckeberg$ sclerosis is a disease of unknown etiology, characterized by dystrophic calcification within the arterial tunica media of the lower extremities leading to reduced arterial compliance. Medial calcinosis does not obstruct the lumina of the arteries, and therefore does not lead to symptoms or signs of limb or organ ischemia. $M{\ddot{o}}nckeberg$ sclerosis most commonly occurs in aged and diabetic individuals and in patients on dialysis. $M{\ddot{o}}nckeberg$ arteriosclerosis is frequently observed in the visceral arteries, and it can occur in the head and neck region as well. This report describes a remarkable case of $M{\ddot{o}}nckeberg$ arteriosclerosis in the head and neck region as detected on dental imaging studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case that has been reported in which this condition presented in the facial vasculature. The aim of this report was to define the radiographic characteristics of $M{\ddot{o}}nckeberg$ arteriosclerosis in an effort to assist health care providers in diagnosing and managing this condition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.563-569
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• 2020

Purpose: The vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in mature animals have implicated to play a major role in the progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. This study aimed at optimizing the protocol in culturing primary VSMCs (pVSMCs) from rat thoracic aorta and investigating the effect of cellular zinc (Zn) deficiency on cell proliferation of the isolated pVSMCs. Methods: The thoracic aorta from 7-month-old Sprague Dawley rats was isolated, minced and digested by the enzymatic process of collagenase I and elastase, and then inoculated with the culture Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) at 37℃ in an incubator. The primary cell culture morphology was observed using phase-contrast microscopy and cellular Zn was depleted using Chelex-100 resin (extracellular zinc depletion only) or 3 µM N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (TPEN) (extracellular and intracellular zinc depletion). Western blot analysis was used for the detection of SM22α and calponin as smooth muscle cell marker proteins and von Willebrand factor as endothelial cell marker protein to detect the culture purity. Cell proliferation by Zn depletion (1 day) was measured by MTT assay. Results: A primary culture protocol for pVSMCs from rat thoracic aorta was developed and optimized. Isolated cultures exhibited hill and valley morphology as the major characteristics of pVSMCs and expressed the smooth muscle cell protein markers, SM22α and calponin, while the endothelial marker von Willebrand factor was hardly detected. Zn deprivation for 1 day culture decreased rat primary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and this pattern was more prominent under severe Zn depletion (3 µM TPEN), while less prominent under mild Zn depletion (Chelexing). Conclusion: Our results suggest that cellular Zn deprivation decreased pVSMC proliferation and this may be involved in phenotypic modulation of pVSMC in the aorta.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제74권2호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of pulmonary function impairment (PFI) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), and the effect of pneumoconiosis on CAC or PFI. Methods: Seventy-six subjects exposed to inorganic dusts underwent coronary artery calcium scoring by MDCT, spirometry, laboratory tests, and a standardized questionnaire. CAC was quantified using a commercial software (Rapidia ver. 2.8), and all the subjects were divided into two categories according to total calcium scores (TCSs), either the non-calcified (<1) or the calcified (${\geq}1$) group. Obstructive pulmonary function impairment (OPFI) was defined as forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ($FEV_1$/FVC, %)<70, and as $FEV_1$/FVC (%){\geq}70 and FVC<80 for restrictive pulmonary function impairment (RPFI) by spirometry. All subjects were classified as either the case (profusion${\geq}1/0$) or the control (profusion${\leq}0/1$) group by pneumoconiosis findings on simple digital radiograph. Results: Of the 76 subjects, 35 subjects (46.1%) had a CAC. Age and hypertension were different significantly between the non-calcified and the calcified group (p<0.05). Subjects with pneumoconiosis were more frequent in the calcified group than those in the non-calcified group (p=0.099). $FEV_1$/FVC (%) was significantly correlated with TCSs (r=-0.316, p=0.005). Subjects with OPFI tended to increase significantly with increasing of TCS (4.82, p=0.028), but not significantly in RPFI (2.18, p=0.140). Subjects with OPFI were significantly increased in the case group compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: CAC is significantly correlated with OPFI, and CAC and OPFI may be affected by pneumoconiosis findings.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.599-602
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• 2019

We report a case of autologous breast reconstruction in which a thoracodorsal vessel was used as a recipient vessel after a hypoplastic internal mammary vessel was found on preoperative computed tomography (CT) angiography. A 46-year-old woman with no underlying disease was scheduled to undergo skin-sparing mastectomy and breast reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap. Preoperative CT angiography showed segmental occlusion of the right subclavian artery with severe atherosclerosis and calcification near the origin of the internal mammary artery, with distal flow maintained by collateral branches. The thoracodorsal artery was selected to be the recipient vessel because CT showed that it was of adequate size and was not affected by atherosclerosis. The patient experienced no postoperative complications, and the flap survived with no vascular complications. The breasts were symmetrical at a 6-month follow-up. This case highlights that preoperative vascular imaging modalities may help surgeons avoid using diseased vessels as recipient vessels in free flap breast reconstructions.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2016

A 54-year-old female presented with a 4cm sized painless, submandibular gland area mass. Vascular lesion was suspected in computed tomography scan. Surgical excision was performed via retroauricular approach for its excellent cosmetic outcome. The vascular mass with peripheral focal calcification was clearly resected without complication such as bleeding or neural damage. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed an arteriovenous malformation(AVM) with abnormal communications between arteries and veins without the normal intervening capillary bed. We report a successful excision of AVM in the submandibular space via retroauricular approach.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권6호
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• pp.1324-1336
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• 2023

목적 이첨 대동맥 판막의 아형과 판막 석회화의 정도에 따른 심장 CT와 경흉부심초음파의 이첨 대동맥 판막 진단 능력을 비교해 보고자 한다. 대상과 방법 대동맥 판막 치환술 전 심장 CT와 경흉부 심초음파를 시행한 266명의 환자(이첨 대동맥 판막, 106명; 삼첨 대동맥 판막, 166명)를 후향적으로 포함하였다. 심장 CT를 이용하여 판막의 모양을 평가하였고, 관상동맥 칼슘 측정 CT를 이용하여 판막의 칼슘 정도를 정량화하였다. 대동맥 판막은 융합형과 2-대동맥동형 아형으로 분류하였다. 심장 CT와 경흉부 심초음파의 진단정확도는 수술 소견을 대비표준으로 하여 계산하였다. 결과 CT는 이첨 대동맥 판막을 진단함에 있어서 경흉부 심초음파보다 민감도, 음성 예측도, 정확도에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 값을 보여주었다(각각 p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.003). 경흉부 심초음파는 판막의 석회화가 증가할수록 민감도가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. CT와 경흉부 심초음파 간의 진단 오류율은 2-대동맥동형 아형에서 10.9%, 융합형 아형에서 28.3%였다(p = 0.044). 결론 심장 CT는 이첨 대동맥 판막을 진단함에 있어 경흉부 심초음파보다 높은 진단능을 보여주며, 특히 판막 석회화가 심하거나 융합형의 아형인 환자에서 이첨 대동맥 판막을 진단하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2014

본 연구는 다중절편 방사선단층촬영을 이용하여 관상동맥 석회화와 심혈관질환 위험인자와의 관련성에 관하여 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 일개 대학병원에서 2010년 1월부터 2011년 12월까지 다중절편 방사선단층촬영을 시행한 30~59세의 성인 남성 5,899명을 대상으로 문진, 설문, 신체계측, 혈액검사 등을 시행하였다. 다중절편 방사선단층촬영 영상을 통해 대상자의 관상동맥 칼슘 점수를 확인하고, 기존의 심혈관질환 위험인자에 대해 확인하였다. 대상자 5,899명의 평균 관상동맥 칼슘 점수는 8.20이었고, 773명(13.1%)에서 관상동맥 석회화가 관찰되었다. 관상동맥 석회화 유무와 알려진 심혈관질환 위험인자(나이, 혈압, 공복혈당, 콜레스테롤, 아포지방단백, 비만)는 유의한 관련성을 보였으며, 심혈관질환 발병 위험도평가도구들과도 유의한 관련성이 있었다. 30-39세, 40-49세, 50-59세의 연령 군에서 관상동맥 석회화와 통계적으로 유의한 관련 요인은 각기 다른 양상을 나타냈다. 본 연구를 통하여 관상동맥 석회화와 전통적인 심혈관질환 위험인자와의 관련성 및 심혈관질환 발병위험도 평가도구와의 관련성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 연령 군에 따라 각기 다른 양상의 위험인자를 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 향후 심혈관질환 예방을 위한 관리전략 수립에 연령에 따른 차이를 고려한 접근이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1023-1030
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• 1998

연구배경 : 인체내 이식된 생체조직들은 석회화 변성으로 인해 그 내구성이 단축된다. 이러한 조직들을 이식하기전에 글루타르알데하이드(GA)로 고정후 sulphonated polyethyleneoxide(PEO-SO3)를 결합시키고 또한 조직내 의 잔유 알데히드기를 제거함으로써 석회화에 대한 내구성을 향상시킬 수 있다 재료 및 방법 : PEO-SO3 처리법과 잔유 알데히드기 제거의 석회화 방지 효과를 알아보기 위하여 GA 고정 후 PEO-SO3로 처리한 소 심낭 첨포를 잔유 알데히드기 제거를 위해 무균 생리식염수에 보존한 saline 군과 0.65% GA 용액 에 보존한 GA군, 그리고 이미 상품화되어 임상에서 사용되고 있는 product군을 8마리 개의 경동맥과 대퇴동 맥 및 복막에 이식하여 6주 후 적출하여 칼슘량 및 병리조직 소견에 대해 알아보았다. 결과 : 경동맥에서 채취한 조직첨포의 칼슘량은 saline군에서 GA군과 product군에 비해 유의하게 적었다 (saline; 2.89$\pm$0.31 vs. GA; 6.14$\pm$1.08 vs. product; 22.82$\pm$5.00 mg/g; p< .05). 대퇴동맥과 복막 이식 첨포에서의 칼슘량 또한 saline군에서 다른 두 군에 비해 가장 적었으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 한편 병리조직 검사에서는 GA군에서 다른 두 군에 비해 조직의 석회화로 인한 변성 파괴가 심하였다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 소 심낭 조직 첨포와 결합한 PEO-SO3는 석회화를 감소시키고 또한 조직내 잔유 알데히드기 를 생리식염수로 세척하여 제거함으로써 항석회화 효과를 증가시킬 수 있었다. 결론적으로 PEO-SO3로 처리한 소 심낭 조직은 석회화 변성에 대한 강한 저항성을 보임으로써 심혈관 첨포나 인공 조직 판막 개발 에 도움를 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.59-76
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• 1994

Fine structure of the distal femoral epiphysis of growing mouse was studied by electron microscopy. The first morphological evidence of developing secondary center of ossification in the distal femoral epiphysis was found at newborn mouse. Ossification center was in the form of multiple foci of calcification and its cells were represented by remnant of degenerated cells within large lacunae that were separated by mineralized cartilaginous septa. Endochondral ossification beneath the articular cartilage proceeded in a less orderly manner than metaphyseal endochondral ossification. Columns of hypertrophied chondrocytes were not distinctly parallel to intercellular mineralized septa in all direction. Hypertrophied chondrocytes in the inner zone of the epiphseal center of ossification showed disintegrated. Resorption of mineralized cartilaginous septa was undertaken by perivascular cells and multinucleated chondroclasts. Resorption of the calcified cartilage was restricted to the region of ruffled border of the chondroclast. Growth along the metaphyseal side of the epiphyseal center of ossification was different from that along the articular surface. As the secondary center expanded toward the metaphyseal side, many vascular buds penetrated unmineralized cartilaginous septa and invaded viable chondrocytes. Many hypertrophied chondrocytes bodering the metaphyseal side of bone center remained viable after they became embedded in mineralized cartilaginous septa. This result suggested that the hypertrophied.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2021

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and it results in a high rate of death worldwide, with an increased prevalence with age despite advances in lifestyle management and drug therapy. Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammatory process, and it mainly presents with lipid accumulation, foam cell proliferation, inflammatory response, atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture, thrombosis, and vascular calcification. Therefore, there is a great need for reliable therapeutic drugs or remedies to cure or alleviate atherosclerosis and reduce the societal burden. Ginsenosides are natural steroid glycosides and triterpene saponins obtained mainly from the plant ginseng. Several recent studies have reported that ginsenosides have a variety of pharmacological activities against several diseases including inflammation, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on describing the different pharmacological functions and underlying mechanisms of various active ginsenosides (Rb1,-Rd, -F, -Rg1, -Rg2, and -Rg3, and compound K) for atherosclerosis, which could provide useful insights for developing novel and effective anti-cardiovascular drugs.