• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1997

The flora of Mt. Kum.lung(80 lm) was Investigated to compare the flora of Mt. Hwang-Ryung, Mt. Cheon-Hwang, Mt. Chulseo. The vascular plants, collected from March 1995 to Oct., 1996, were consisted of a total 564 taxa: 103 families, 312 genera, 493 species, 1 subspecies. 66 varieties and 4 forms. The Korean endemic plants of this area were 11 taxa, the alplan and endangered plants were 29 taxa, the special wild plants designatlrlg by Enoronmental Agency were 2 taxa and the alpian plants were 18 taxa. Because many plants, being necessary to conserve, are distributed Kumjung, but if development is indespensable. destruction of natural ecosystem must be minimized.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.161-168
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• 1987

The elongated filamentous haustorial cells, hyphae, of Cuscuta australis R. Brown penetrated into the vascular tissues of the host plant Trifolium repens L. were studied by the light and electron microscopes. The hyphae reached the host xylem were invaded into the host vessels and then they grew within the host vessels. Finally these hyphae were differentiated into the water conducting elements, xylary hyphae, by thickening of the secondary walls. The hyphae reached the host phloem were branched at the apical regions. These hyphae possessed thin-layered cytoplasm involving the typical features of sieve elements such as the parallel arrays of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, plastids with the clusters of fine starch granules, and mitochondria with the dilated cristae. It was indicated that these hyphae were differentiated into the nutrients conducting elements, phloic hyphae. The structures described were compared with those of other parasitic plants and were discussed in view of the translocation of materials from host to parasite.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.153-173
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• 1988

The structure of vegetation of Mt. Cheomchal, Jindo-gun, Chollanamdo were surveyed from 1985 to 1987. The vascular plants was listed 785 taxa classified into 680 speciesm 1 subspecies, 95 varieties, 9 forma, 484 genera, 139 families, and 42 orders. The floral data showed the ecological characteristics such as the value 1.71 in Pte-Q and N-$D_1-R_5-$e in biological type. Vegetation of Mt. Cheomchal is classified into 8 communities: Quercus salicina community, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii community, Quercus acuta community, and Camellia japonica community as evergreen broad-leaved forest, Quercus variabilis Pinus densiflora community, Carpinus coreana community and Carpinus tschonoskii-quercus variabilis community as deciduous broad-leaved forest, and Pinus densiflora community as pine forest.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.71-81
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• 2003

So-Hap-Hyang-Won, a traditional oriental medicine used in the treatment of stroke patients, was examined for its ability to reverse the cell damage caused by lipid peroxidation products and oxidative stress in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). The effects of herbal medicine on cell proliferation and recovery of oxidative damaged situation were studied in BAEC, which was considered an appropriate in vitro model for stroke resulting from various vascular diseases prevalent in advanced age. In a clinical study of stroke patients, So-Hap-Hyang-Won appeared to improve considerably arm and leg movements as well as consciousness disturbance condition, compared with other traditional medicines used for stroke. When BAEC were treated with extracts of the lyophilized herbal medicines, only that of So-Hap-Hyang-Won stimulated cell proliferation and showed no toxicity even at high concentrations. In studies of BAEC treated with extracts of the lyophilized material of the 14 components of So-Hap-Hyang-Won, only the extract of Foeniculi Fructus stimulated cell growth at all concentrations tested. Moreover, when cells were treated with Foeniculi Fructus (10 and 100 mg/ml) extract after prior exposure to t-BHP ($l0\mu\textrm{M}$) or HNE ($0.2\mu\textrm{M}$), lipid peroxidation products which are known to be involved in aging and vascular diseases, or after the exposure to SIN-l ($500\mu\textrm{M}$), which generates nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive oxygen species, there was substantial recovery from the oxidative damage, presumably due to the radical-scavenging effect of Foeniculi Fructus extract. Foeniculi Fructus not only showed stimulatory effects on cell growth and cell damage repair in BAEC, but also appeared to show the most anti-aging activity among all the herbal components of So-Hap-Hyang-Won.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 2007

This study compared the histological patency rates of anastomoses of the femoral artery. Twelve rabbits weighing about 2 kg were studied. Both the right and left femoral arteries were cut. The control group had no damage to the vessel, saline irrigation, and micro-anastomosis. Experimental group I had a crush injury to the vessel, saline irrigation, and micro-anastomosis. Experimental group II had a crush injury, saline irrigation, 100 U/ml heparin irrigation, and micro-anastomosis. Experimental group III had the same treatment as experimental group II plus the systemic application of 100 U/kg heparin iv. The histological patency rates were compared. The patency rates of the control group 30 min and 3 days after the anastomosis were 100 and 83%, respectively. The respective rates for experimental groups I and II 30 min and 3 days after the anastomosis were 100% in all cases. The respective rates in experimental group III were 100 and 83%. In this study, no significant correlation was observed between the patency rate and the effects of local irrigation or the systemic application of heparin on the microvascular anastomosis of the rabbit femoral artery. However, the patency rate tended to decrease concomitantly with an increase in surgery time. Increased bleeding was observed after the systemic application of heparin. Obvious damage to the crush-injured vascular endothelium was detected on histologic examination of the micro-anastomosed area. In addition, some vessels subjected to crush injury contained thrombi attached to the vascular endothelium. No preventive effect of heparin on thrombus formation was observed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.412-424
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• 2009

The flora and vegetation of Chuncheon area were investigated from March, 2006 to September, 2008. Vascular plants of investigated regions were composed of 118 families, 496 genera, 894 species, 2 subspecies, 132 varieties, and 38 forms, totally 1,066 taxa, and the Pteridophyta index (Pte-Q) was 1.17. Forty two taxa including endemic genus Hanabusaya and Echinosophora among the 1,066 taxa were Korean endemic. Thirty three rare and endangered plants and 119 specially designated plants by Ministry of Environment were also investigated. The naturalized plants were 71 taxa, and percent of naturalized plant species were 6.66%. The vegetation of Chuncheon area were classified into five communities such as Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica-Acer mono community, Quercus mongolica-Quercus variabilis community and Quercus mongolica-Betula davurica community.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2021

Excessive salt intake induces hypertension, but several gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplements have been shown to reduce blood pressure. GABA-salt, a fermented salt by L. brevis BJ20 containing GABA was prepared through the post-fermentation with refined salt and the fermented GABA extract. We evaluated the effect of GABA-salt on hypertension in a high salt, high cholesterol diet induced mouse model. We analyzed type 1 macrophage (M1) polarization, the expression of M1 related cytokines, GABA receptor expression, endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and medial thicknesses in mice model. GABA-salt attenuated diet-induced blood pressure increases, M1 polarization, and TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels in mouse aortas, and in salt treated macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, GABA-salt induced higher GABAB receptor and endothelial NOS (eNOS) and eNOS phosphorylation levels than those observed in salt treated ECs. In addition, GABA-salt attenuated EC dysfunction by decreasing the levels of adhesion molecules (E-selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) and of von Willebrand Factor and reduced EC death. GABA-salt also reduced diet-induced reductions in the levels of eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS, VSMC proliferation and medial thickening in mouse aortic tissues, and attenuated Endothelin-1 levels in salt treated VSMCs. In summary, GABA-salt reduced high salt, high cholesterol diet induced hypertension in our mouse model by reducing M1 polarization, EC dysfunction, and VSMC proliferation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.439-443
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• 2007

Tumor growth and metastasis are dependent on angiogenesis, and endothelial cell invasion and migration are apparent means of regulating tumor progression. We report here that saxatilin, a snake venom-derived disintegrin, suppresses the angiogenesis-inducing properties of NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells. Culture supernatants of NCI-H460 cells are able to induce human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) invasion and tube formation. However, treatment of the cancer cells with saxatilin resulted in reduced angiogenic activity of the culture supernatant. This suppressed angiogenic property was found to be associated with the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the culture supernatant. Further experimental evidence indicated that saxatilin inhibits VEGF production in NCI-H460 cells by affecting hypoxia induced factor-1$\alpha$ (HIF-1$\alpha$) expression via the Akt pathway.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 1991

The origin of cambial initials from procambium was studied in the seedling root of Acer saccharinum. In transverse view, the first periclinal divisions of procambial cells occurred just outside of each early metaxylem and resulted in meristematic strips. As root development progressed, the division activities appeared subsequently outside of each late metaxylem and then in pericycle cells opposite the four protoxylem poles. Eventually, such meristematic strips were connected completely each other. Thus, a nearly rectangular shaped meristematic layer in outline was formed outside the xylem in a whole root transectioned. In tangential section, early procambium showed a homogeneous structure consisted of uniform short cells with transverse end walls. However, some of the procambial cells did elongate, whereas others divided transversely. The former become more elongate, tapered, and vacuolated. Finally, they differentiated into fusiform initials. Short cells consisting axial strands divided continuousely in transverse plane and became ray initials, while some short cells elongated and transformed into long cells. The early ontogeny of vascular cambium in Acer saccharinum root was interpreted to be established by a gradual process.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.345-352
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• 2008

The cerebral microvessels possess barrier characteristics which are tightly sealed excluding many toxic substances and protecting neural tissues. The specialized blood-neural barriers as well as the cerebral microvascular barrier are recognized in the retina, inner ear, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid. Microvascular endothelial cells in the brain closely interact with other components such as astrocytes, pericytes, perivascular microglia and neurons to form functional 'neurovascular unit'. Communication between endothelial cells and other surrounding cells enhances the barrier functions, consequently resulting in maintenance and elaboration of proper brain homeostasis. Furthermore, the disruption of the neurovascular unit is closely involved in cerebrovascular disorders. In this review, we focus on the location and function of these various blood-neural barriers, and the importance of the cell-to-cell communication for development and maintenance of the barrier integrity at the neurovascular unit. We also demonstrate the close relation between the alteration of the blood-neural barriers and cerebrovascular disorders.