• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2015

Dike lines are important features for describing the detailed shapes of dikes and for detecting topographic changes on dike surfaces. Historically, dike lines have been generated using only the LiDAR data. This paper proposes a new methodology for selecting an appropriate dike line on various dike surfaces using the topographic LiDAR data and multispectral orthoimages taken in the Nakdong River basins. The fi rst baselines were generated from the given LiDAR data using the modified convex hull algorithm and smoothing spline function, and the second baselines were generated from the given orthoimages by the Canny operator. Next, one baseline was selected among the two baselines at 10m intervals by comparing their elevations, and the selected baseline at 10m interval was defined as the dike line segment. Finally, the selected dike line segments were connected to construct the 3D dike lines. The statistical results show that the dike lines generated using both the LiDAR data and multispectral orthoimages had the improved horizontal and vertical accuracies than the dike lines generated only using the LiDAR data on the various dike surfaces.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

This aim of the study is to investigate the plan and elevation types of existing way stations built in the early 20th century Korea, focused on Choong-ang, Donghae-nambu, and Kyung-jeon line of the railroad tracklines. The plans and elevations are drawn up and analyzed based on literature data and aerial photographs through the survey. These way stations are classified into various types by room layout and front elevation. The basic plan types are composed of waiting room, station service room, and administration. The station service room has a train operation room in the projecting part of corner. This room has windows on every side to see in and out of train. There are the enlarged, extended waiting room types, and linear types in the other plan types. The waiting room is lied on the right side, and has a gable roof in elevation. The elevation types are classified with side and centralized, and so on by the placement and shape of gable roofs. The basic elevation types have gable roofs in sides lied on the waiting room, and these types are transformed into centralized types by extension of waiting room The others are the linear types without gable roofs and the unusual roof types in appearance.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2004

The European architects including MVRDV, Rem Koolhaas, Van Berkel, and Zaha Hadid tend to use the their own design strategy based on the objective data. This Architectural design method leads to make new paradigm of contemporary architecture. For the purpose of the understanding a part of new architecture paradigm I will analyze the case of Villa VPRO designed by MVRDV. At the result, I can draw the following conclusions. First, through collecting and analyzing data, drawing design concept and planning the space program, they decided on the design strategies of Villa VPRO. They designed the space volume having 42.4m$\times$42.4m floors and infiltrated environmental elements to solve the problems about deep space. Second, Villa VPRO was constructed by 'creative space-making system: a series of floors much like a geological formation, the continuous floors interconnected by spatial means, the precision bombardments of snake-like holes, open elevations, the stacking spaces. Third, Villa VPRO produced the spectacle space effect the various formation of continuous floors make a lot of difference space types in this building. Also they lead to move naturally and give event space. A numbers of holes and openness make it possible to provide friendly environment with combining light and air with views of the surrounding and transparency. And using the method of stacking many types of space make the differences in height.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2003

In estimating designed architectural buildings, many factors in various design domains such as function, structure, form, environment may be considered and then a building design might be selected or modified as final design. This paper proposed a method to obtain complexity values from two dimensional drawings which are floor plans or elevations. The method has been developed based on information theory, shape pattern representation and cognitive theory. Results of measuring complexity value can make the computer evaluate and select final results produced from automatic design processes by the computer That is to say, aesthetic values based on order and chaos can be measured using complexity values and then some results having superior values can be selected as final result.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2017

Purpose: Building owners or residents have concerns to strive for energy-saving and environmental conservation by utilizing with eco-friendlier energy resources for their physical environment. In this paper, an algae façade system is proposed as an energy-friendly building component to improve energy productivity and indoor environmental quality, and this study aims at verifying alternative technologies for implementing building elevations that contain various colors equipped with algae façade systems and suggesting design guidelines to enhance both building performance and design values. Method: The color of algae is basically ranged about the saturation green, and it is hardly converted to other variations. Such a problem can be resolved through the artificial lights like LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamps to mix the color from the algae and buildings could possibly change the elevation in many ways under the influence of daylight. Result: As a result, the suggested system may increase the aesthetic aspect of the building in response to environmental changes. The system cannot possibly be applied for only new construction, but also it can be utilized with the existing buildings as well. The proposed system is expected to be applied not only a new construction and any existing buildings as well, and it will cover from the environmentally friendly energy generation in the industry to a new application system for increasing energy efficiency and the beauty of building envelopes.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 1997

The elevation of intracellular calcium in various tissues due to oxidative stress induced by either menadione or adriamycin has been well documented. The increase of calcium level in platelets results in aggregation of platelets. To test the hypothesis that chemically induced calcium elevations can play a role in platelet aggregation, we have studied the effects of menadione and adriamycin on aggregation of platelets isolated from female rats. Treatment with menadione and adriamycin to platelet rich plasma (PRP) appeared to induce platelet aggregations up to 60%, as determined by aggregometry. However, exposure of PRP to rnenadione or adriamycin led to a loss of viability, as measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Morphological studies of platelets revealed that, when PRP was treated with menadione, aggregates of platelets were not observed and the numbers of platelets were decreased significantly. This suggests that menadione and adriamycin decreased turbidity by inducing platelet lysis rather than platelet aggregation. These cellular toxicities induced by menadione or adriamycin was not correlated with oxygen consumption rate but with depletion of protein thiols, suggesting that protein thiols might play an important role in chemical-induced platelet toxicity.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.291-299
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• 2015

A variety of inner baffles are often installed to reduce liquid sloshing and prevent tank damage. In particular, a porous baffle has a distinct advantage in reducing sloshing by changing the natural periods and dissipating the wave energy in a tank. In model tests, porous baffles with five different porosities were installed vertically in a liquid tank under sway motion. The free surface elevations and pressures were measured using an image processing technique and a pressure gage for various combinations of baffle's porosity and submergence depth, and tank's amplitude and period. The experimental results were in good agreement with the analytic solutions (Cho, 2015), with the exception of a quantitative difference at resonant periods. The experimental results showed that the sloshing characteristics in a tank were closely dependent on both the porosity and submergence depth of the baffle, and the optimal porosity existed near P = 0.1275.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1260-1268
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• 2009

Three methods(the stepped sine method, the statistical method(random excitation method) and the maximum-length sequence(MLS) method) for head-related transfer functions(HRTFs) are experimentally compared in view point of accuracy and efficiency. First, the stepped sine method has high signal-to-noise ratio, but low efficiency. Second, the statistical method is fast measurement speed, but weak to noise than the other methods. Finally, the MLS method shows both good efficiency and high signal-to-noise ratio, but it needs additional software or equipment such as MLS signal generator. For comparison of measurement accuracy, HRTFs of KEMAR dummy are measured for various azimuths and elevations. Error norms for magnitude and phase of HRTFs are defined and calculated for the measured HRTFs. The calculated error norms show that the methods give similar results in magnitude and phase except a little phase difference in the MLS method.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.11-24
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• 2015

There have not been many debates on the subject of Korean architecture during the transformative period of Gae Wha Gi (開化期: Enlightenment Period of Korea), when Western-style buildings first appeared in Seoul. This study begins by finding and recording those buildings in Seoul that show the gradual adoption and appropriation of Western architectural elements at the turn of the 20th century. By exploring the confluence of two different architectural styles, this paper attempts to look carefully at the hybrid conditions that resulted from encounters between the Koreans and the Westerners in the late 19th and early 20th century. Beginning with discovering the first products of the Western architectural influence in Seoul, this study explores the uneasy co-existence between the traditional Korean architectural style, and the Western architectural style. This co-existence ultimately bred new building techniques, and interior layouts; the appearance of these hybrid buildings illustrate the gradual transition from the traditional way, in which users modified, combined and appropriated various elements from both styles. Analyzing historical documents and photos, this study tries to capture a detailed image of the period when the influence of the Western architecture had an unavoidable impact and brought change to the traditional architecture of Korea.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 1995

The elevation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in various tissue through oxidative stress induced by menadione has been well documented. Increase of $Ca^{2+}$ level inplatelets results in aggreaction of patelets. To test the hypothesis that menadione-induced $Ca^{2+}$ elevations can play a role in platelet aggregation, we have studied the effect of menadione on aggragation of platelets isolated from female rats. Treatment with menadione to platelet rich plasma (PRP), which proved to be 60% as determined by aggregometry. however, exposure of PRP to menadione leads to a loss of cell viability, as measured by lactae dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, suggesting that menadione might induce cell lysis rather than aggregation of platelets. Turbidty changes induced by menadione were unaffected by addition ofl dicoumarol, which is a quinone reducellular factions of patelets. These data, which indicate an absence of the QR detoxifying pathway, suggest that platelets may be more susceptible to menadione-induced cytotoxicity than certain other cell, as hepatocytes.