• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1036-1041
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• 1999

Background: To know the clinical aspects of varicose vein and the effectiveness of operative treatment, the patients who had been operated during the five and a half years were reviewed. Material and Method: From September 1993 to February 1999, 227 patients with varicose vein were operated upon. These patients were reviewed with history taking, physical examination, laboratory tests, operation and follow up visits at an out patient department. Result: The ages of the patients were from 20 to 69 years, mean 40.2 years. varicose veins. Occupations of the patients include housewives, store or factory owners, cooks, waiter or waitresses in a restaurant, salary men(women), teachers, hair stylists, professional athletes, in sequence, most of them require standing all day long. The 126 women had experienced child birth, among them 116 patients delivered more than 2 babies. All patients had protruding leg veins as the symptom. Most of them(61%) had pain. Other additional symptoms were heaviness, heatness, tingling, cramp, fatigue, etc. 68.3% of the patients had the symptoms for more than 10 years. Anatomical location of varicose vein was in long saphenous vein in 157 patients, in small saphenous vein in 27, and in other regions(combined or perforating vein) in 43 patients. There was no operative mortality. There were 2 patients who underwent reoperation due to recurrence during this study period. In one patient, it recurred in the distal perforating vein in small saphenous vein. The other patient had recurrence at the saphenofemoral junction in groin. The patients are doing well after the reoperation, but a long term observation is needed. Conclusion: Clinical aspects of varicose vein were reviewed. For the patients with varicose vein who had saphenofemoral regurgitation, operative treatment seemed to bea safe and effective modality of treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2011

Background: The relationship between the degree of expression of matrix metalloproteinases or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and venous reflux remains to be investigated. Materials and Methods: Primary varicose vein tissues were obtained from 23 patients, 18 females and 5 males, aged from 19 to 73. Cephalic or basilic veins were obtained for the control group from 10 patients who underwent vascular access for maintenance hemodialysis. Two operative techniques (high ligation with stripping or endovenous laser coagulation) were used. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 13 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 in the varicose vein group and control group was assessed semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemical slides stained with primary antibodies. Results: Twenty (87%) of the varicose vein group patients had greater or lesser saphenous vein diseases with reflux. The focal weak (+) stain for matrix metalloproteinases-2, and 13, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-4 was dominant in the varicose vein group; the focal or diffuse strong stain (++ or +++) was prevalent in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (p<0.01). The degree of reflux and the duration of symptoms were not significantly related to the expression of MMP-13 (p=0.317 and p=0.654, respectively). Conclusion: Further study should be performed to investigate the relationship between the clinical characteristics related to venous hypertension or reflux and expression of MMPs and TIMP in varicose veins.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2006

Recent advances in radiological and serological techniques have enabled easier preoperative diagnosis of sparganosis. However, due to scarcity of cases, sparganosis has been often regarded as a disease of other etiologic origin unless the parasite is confirmed in the lesion. We experienced a case of sparganosis mimicking a varicose vein in terms of clinical manifestations and radiological findings. Sparganosis should be included among the list of differential diagnosis with the varicose vein.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.391-395
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• 2010

Purpose: Given that the critical nature of the microvascular anastomosis to what is often a long and difficult reconstructive operation, trainees need to have a high level of microsurgical competence before being allowed to perform microsurgery on patients. Some artificial substitutes and dead or live animal models have been used to improve manual dexterity under the operating microscope. Yet, most surgeons are not equipped with such models, so search for easy available and appropriate microsurgical practice model have been an issue. Umbilical artery, placental vessels and gastroepiploic arteries have been previously suggested as a microsurgical training model, which involves other surgical departments. The purpose of this article is to introduce that saphenous vein specimen obtained from varicose vein surgery is useful and has many advantages as training model for the practice of microvascular anastomosis. Methods: The conventional technique using perforation/inversion method with a metallic stripper is widely performed for varicose vein patients. The stripper is inserted through disconnected safeno-femoral junction and retrieved at the knee or the medial side of ankle. The length of saphenous vein specimens removed is about that of one's leg and inversed from inside out. Obtained saphenous vein specimens are re-inversed and cleansed with normal saline, to be readily available for microsurgical practice. Preserved in a squeezed wet saline gauze and refrigerated, frozen or glycerated specimens were investigated into their comparative quality for microsurgical practice. Results: Varicose vein surgery remains one of the common operations performed in the field of plastic surgery. Convenient informed consent regarding the vessel donation can be easily signed. The diameter of the obtained saphenous vein is as variable as 1.5 to 6 mm, which is already stripped, and is in sufficient length corresponding to that of patient's leg. Vessels specimens were available for microsurgical practice within 1 week period when preserved with squeezed wet saline gauze, and the preservation period could be extended monthly by freezing it. Conclusion: Saphenous vein obtained from varicose vein patients provide with variable size of vessel lumen with sufficient length. The practice can be cost effective and does not require microsurgical laboratory. Additionally there is no need of involving other surgical departments in acquiring vessel specimens. Furthermore, simple preservation method of refrigerating for a week or freezing with squeezed wet saline gauze for a month period, allow the saphenous vein obtained after varicose vein surgery as an excellent model for the microsurgical practice.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.398-403
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the midterm clinical outcomes after modified high ligation and segmental stripping of small saphenous vein (SSV) varicosities. Methods: Between January 2010 and March 2013, 62 patients (69 legs) with isolated primary small saphenous varicose veins were enrolled in this study. The outcomes measured were reflux in the remaining distal SSV, the recurrence of varicose veins, the improvement of preoperative symptoms, and the rate of postoperative complications. Results: No major complications occurred. No instances of the recurrence of varicose veins at previous stripping sites were noted. Three legs (4.3%) showed reflux in the remaining distal small saphenous veins. The preoperative symptoms were found to have improved in 96.4% of the cases. Conclusion: In the absence of flush ligation of the saphenopopliteal junction, modified high ligation and segmental stripping of small saphenous vein varicosities with preoperative duplex marking is an effective treatment method for reducing postoperative complications and the recurrence of SSV incompetence.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a modified surgical procedure for the treatment of varicose veins. Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted on lower extremities with symptomatic great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence that underwent stripping from the groin to the knee, with preservation of the superficial epigastric vein (SEV), between January 2015 and April 2022. Follow-up assessments were performed using Doppler ultrasound, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), and the Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ) at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results: The study included 179 limbs from 120 patients (47 men and 73 women). The mean patient age was 56.5 years (range, 20-78 years), and the distribution of preoperative Clinical-Etiology-Anatomy-Pathophysiology clinical classes was 8% C0-C1, 88% C2, and 4% C3-C6. The preoperative diameter of the saphenofemoral confluence averaged 6.9 mm (range, 2.7-15.8 mm). After a mean postoperative follow-up period of 24 months, evidence of neovascularization around the stump of the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) was observed in 2 limbs (1.1%). Additionally, varicose vein recurrence was found in 1 limb (0.6%) and was associated with an incompetent thigh perforator. At postoperative follow-up, both VCSS and AVVQ scores were significantly lower than the preoperative scores. Conclusion: Modified surgical treatment of GSV incompetence, involving preservation of the SEV and stripping of a short segment up to the knee, demonstrated favorable clinical results in terms of postoperative complication rate, neovascularization rate around the SFJ stump, varicose vein recurrence rate, and improvement in lower extremity symptoms.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2023

Varicose veins have a substantial burden on individuals' aesthetics and overall quality of life. The current body of research on Korean medical interventions for varicose veins is limited in Korea, and exploration into clinical trends is lacking. This review specifically analyzed fire acupuncture, which is an understudied intervention in Korea that demonstrated efficacy in alleviating pain and paralysis while promoting tissue regeneration. A comprehensive investigation of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database was conducted, utilizing terms such as "varicose vein," "fire needle," "fire acupuncture," "burning acupuncture," "burning needle," "huǒzhēn," "xiàzhī jìngmài," and "jìngmài qūzhāng." This review included 14 studies investigating the role of fire acupuncture in treating varicose veins. We extracted variables, including age, sex, disease duration, intervention method, treatment frequency, treatment period, acupoints, and outcomes. Fire acupuncture appeared as the primary intervention method, followed by general acupuncture. The protruding part of varicose veins is the main treatment area for fire acupuncture, while the acupoints BL57 and ST36 were most frequently utilized for general acupuncture. Treatment results revealed significant improvement in all studies. However, there are limitations, such as scarce studies, limited side effects studies, and potential bias. Consequently, extensive and well-structured future studies are necessary to demonstrate the role of fire acupuncture in varicose veins.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.147-149
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• 2020

A 36-year-old man presented to the hospital with protruding blood vessels in his left lower leg accompanied by cramping. An ultrasonographic examination of the leg revealed focal reflux without truncal vein reflux. During phlebectomy, the varix was found to be connected to the intraosseous vein through a tibial opening. Postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed an osteolytic lesion in the tibial shaft and an intraosseous vascular anomaly. The patient was discharged without complications and scheduled for periodic follow-ups. This young man's varicose vein seemed to be from a tibial intraosseous vascular anomaly, which is extremely rare.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 집속초음파에 의한 하지정맥류 치료에서 치료의 효율과 안전성을 높이기 위한 영상유도 알고리즘을 제안하고자 하였다. 하지정맥류가 발생한 위치에 따라 영상 유도 기법을 달리하여 알고리즘을 수립 하였다. 심부성 하지정맥류의 경우는 획득된 초음파영상에서 혈관의 가로 단면 영상을 추출하고 혈관 중심부의 목표영역을 표시하도록 하였으며, 표재성 하지정맥류의 경우에는 인체의 표재정맥에서 획득한 CCD 카메라 영상에서 혈관 영역을 분리한 영상을 기반으로 한 영상 유도 시스템을 제작하고 하지정맥류 진행 정도에 따라 각기 다른 알고리즘을 설계 하였다. 실험결과 초음파 영상 기반의 알고리즘은 전체적으로 최대 $830{\mu}m$ 정도의 낮은 오차를 보였으나 CCD 영상 기반의 알고리즘은 일부 데이터에서 최대 8.3 mm 정도의 오차를 보였다. 이에 표재성 하지정맥류 영상 유도 알고리즘에 대해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 예상되며 이후 간단한 시스템을 구성함으로써 혈관 추적의 정확도를 평가할 필요성이 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.544-548
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• 2006

배경: 하지정맥류 환자에서 복재정맥을 제거하지 않고 복재정맥 분리 결찰과 혈관 경화요법을 병행하여 치료하는 방법의 유용성을 알아보기 위하여 본원에서 수술 받은 환자를 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 8월부터 2005년 10월까지 50명의 환자를 대상으로 70예의 하지에서 복재정맥 분리 결찰과 혈관 경화요법을 시행하였다. 수술 적응증으로는 고정맥-대복재정맥 또는 슬와정맥-소복재정맥 연결부위의 판막부전이 있는 하지정맥류를 대상으로 하였다. 수술은 모두 국소마취하에 시행하였으며 복재정맥을 분리 결찰하고 관통정맥의 역류가 있는 경우에는 관통정맥을 결찰한 후 $1{\sim}3%$의 혈관 경화제를 투여하였다. 수술 당일날 모두 퇴원하였으며 압박 스타킹은 6주 동안 착용하였다. 수술 후 1주, 1달, 3달에 걸쳐 외래 추적 검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 환자의 평균 연령은 $50{\pm}11$ 세였으며 여자에 많았다. 8명의 환자에서는 하지 정맥류로 인한 증상이 없었으나 나머지 42명은 다리의 통증, 중압감, 피로감 등을 호소하였다. 수술 후 1개월 추적검사에서 증상이 있었던 모든 환자에서 증상이 소실되었다. 8명의 환자에서는 수술 1주일 후 추적검사에서 정맥류가 남아 있어 추가적인 혈관 경화요법을 시행하였다. 합병증으로는 대복재정맥 분리결찰 부위 혈종 1예, 상처감염 1예, 과도한 혈전형성 20예, 압박 붕대에 의한 수포 형성 10예, 과도한 피부 변색 5예, 피부괴사 1예가 있었다. 결론: 하지 정맥류에서 복재정맥 분리결찰 및 혈관 경화요법을 병행하는 치료법은 덜 침습적이고 경제적이며 특히 나중에 복재정맥을 우회혈관으로 사용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 따라서 고령인 환자 등에서 선택적으로 사용할 수 있는 좋은 수술방법이다.에 의한 수술 사망이 있었으나, 심근경색이 새로 발생한 예는 없었다. 두 군간의 주 합병증의 발생률의 차이가 없었으며, 수술 대기시간에 따른 합병증의 발생률 차이도 없었다. 평균 추적관찰 기간은 21.3개월(2-42개월)이었으며, 추적 조사 결과, 42개월 전제 생존율은 $94.9{\pm}2.4%$로 제1군은 $91.4{\pm}4.7%$, 제2군은 $98.0{\pm}2.0%$로 두 군간의 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.26). 심장관련 사망에 대한 42개월 전체 생존율은 $97.6{\pm}1.4%$로 제1군은 $97.0{\pm}2.0%$, 제2군은 $98.0{\pm}2.0%$로 두 군간의 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.74). 심장 관련 합병증의 42개월 전체 자유도는 $95.4{\pm}2.0%$로 제1군은 $94.8{\pm}2.9%$, 제2군은 $95.9{\pm}2.9%$로 두 군간의 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p=0.119). 결론: 급성심근경색환자에서 대기 시간 없이 심폐체외순환기를 사용하지 않는 관상동맥우회술을 시행하여 좋은 중 단기 성적을 확인하였으며, 심근경색의 정도는 수술 성적에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 저자들은 급성심근경색의 치료로써 관상동맥우회술이 필요한 경우 대기시간 없이 OPCAB을 시행하여도 안전할 것이라고 생각한다. 그러나 이를 확인하기 위해서는 좀 더 많은 대상군과 전향적인 연구가 필요할 것이다. 복강 내 지방조직에서 모두 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 대형조각 작품들 - 예를 들어 대형화된 미니별 조각이나 개념미술, 또는 대지예술 등 -은 풍경의 실재가 아니기 때문에 환경으로부터 구분된다고 언급하고