• Journal of Game and Entertainment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2006

In a face detection system based on template matching, histogram equalization or log transform is applied to an input image for the intensity normalization and the image improvement. It is known that they are noneffective in improving an image with intensity distortion by illumination variation. In this paper, we propose an efficient image improvement method called as a bilateral symmetry average for images with intensity distortion by illumination variation. Experimental results show that our method delivers the detection performance better than previous methods and also remarkably reduces the number of face candidates.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.189-200
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the farmland scale improvement project and to present basic data for establishing a long-term improvement scheme of this project. Professional rice cultivators' farming scale after receiving the farmland scale improvement fund has increased compared to the situation before receiving the fund support. The average paddy fields increased by 220% (from 2.75ha to 8.82ha), the average upland increased by 27% (from 0.44ha to 0.56ha), and the average orchard land increased by 44% (from 0.25ha to 0.36ha). The rice production costs per 10a are estimated as 608,678won for below 3ha, 488,721won for 3-6ha, 487,431won for 6~10ha, and 425,313won for over 10ha, which decreased with increasing farming scale. The effects of the farmland scale improvement project on income variation are summarized as follows. 1) Average farm household income for all subjects has increased by 223 % (from 40,517,000won to 90,295,000won). 2) For each category, the results show that average farm household income has increased by 9,766,000won for below 3ha, 35,898,000won for 3~6ha, 42,822,000won for 6~10ha, and 72,697,000won for over 10ha.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.209-216
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• 1996

The shape variation of billet was investigated by numerical method and spray forming work with variation of average substrate withdrawal velocity$\bar{V}$, withdrawal velocity change interval $\Delta$t and velocity deviation from average velocity $V_{dev}$. The shape and diameter with large$\bar{V}$, $\Delta$t, $V_{dev}$ vary seriously. When $\bar{V}$, $\Delta$t, $V_{dev}$ are smaller, the shape of billet is more simillar to that of the billet with constant withdrawal velocity. The average diameter of billet is determined by only $\bar{V}$, independent of $\Delta$t, $V_{dev}$. With $\bar{V}$, : 0.2 mm/sec $\Delta$t: 200 sec and $V_{dev}$. : 0.2mm/sec billet of constant diameter 230mm$\times$ height 1000mm were manufactured.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1988

This study was performed to investigate a seasonal and vertical variation of the nutrients, water temperature, pH, DO, BOD, COD in Sukchon lake from May 1985 to Jan. 1986. The results were as follows. 1. Vertical descent of water temperature was the remarkable situation on Jul. and difference between surface layer and bottom layer was 3.5$\circ$C. 2. The value of pH was average 8.0 in both lake. The value of pH in the winter was average 7.6, and Summer was average 8.3. 3. The contents of dissolved oxygen was the highest value (13.0mg/l in surface layer on Jan. and the lowest value (8.1mg/l in bottom layer on Ul. 4. The contents of PO$_4$-P, NH$_3$-N, NO$_3$-N and T-N were 0.03~O.17mg/l 0.12~0.34mg/l 0.36~0.91mg/l and 0.76~1.37mg/l respectively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.510-518
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• 2015

Weather condition has effect on traffic condition, but there is a lack of research between weather and traffic condition. So, in this study analyzes speed variation according to rainfall intensity in national highway provincial road. The results of the analysis, average speed is reduced about 3.2%. But average speed decrease by maximum 8.8% when traffic volume is below 200vph per direction. Because relatively, free flow traffic speed has greatly deceased according to rainfall intensity in provincial road. Also in this study estimates of speed reduction model according to rainfall and performs the statistical verification. Estimated speed reduction model's slops are gradual when rainfall increased, because average speed is reduced by rainfall when free flow.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.72-79
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analysis variation of range estimation for maintenance costs of education facilities based on LCC. The adapted research method selected three education facilities in Gyeonggi-Do region. On the basis of actual maintenance costs and analyzed estimation maintenance costs are compared for analyzing standard deviation and coefficient of variation. The research of this study are as follows: 1) The average actual maintenance costs for 1,317million won and each part of average ratio exterior 19%, interior 28%, electricity & fire fighting 22%, water supply & healthy 18%, heating & water supply 13%. 2)The average analysis maintenance costs for 1,920million won and each part of average ratio exterior 20%, interior 25%, electricity & fire fighting 22%, water supply & healthy 20%, heating &water supply 13%.. 3) The analysis variation of ranges for average costs 1,619million won for minimum costs 1,409million, maximum costs 1,813million won.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 2008

Cornus controversa is a long-lived woody species mostly distributed in East Asia. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Korean populations of this species. A high level of genetic variation was found in seven populations of C. controversa. The mean genetic diversity (H) was 0.222 across populations, varying from 0.200 to 0.238. Eighty of the 93 loci (86.0%) showed detectable polymorphism in at least one population. Total genetic diversity values ($H_T$) varied between 0.192 and 0.231, giving an average overall polymorphic loci of 0.212. The interlocus variation of genetic diversity within populations ($H_S$) was high (0.167). Mean of genetic diversity in C. controversa was higher than average values for species with similar life history traits. The sexual reproduction, perennial habitat, and longevity are proposed as possible factors contributing to high genetic diversity. On a per locus basis, the proportion of total genetic variation due to differences among populations ($G_{ST}$) ranged from 0.169 to 0.278 with a mean of 0.216, indicating that about 21.6% of the total genetic variation was among populations. An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm=1.893) indicated that gene flow was extensive among Korean populations of C. controversa.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.63-78
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• 1986

Two species of Moroco oxycephalus and M. lagowskii were studied to examine patterns of genic variation and morphological difference within and between populations of two species, and to clarify their taxonomic status and geographic distribution. The number of scales above lateral line(SAL) was the key character to classify these species. On the average, M.lagowskii had 22 or more SAL whereas M.oxycephalus had 20 or less. Previously known character of the position of dorsal fin was found to be not appropriate to distinguish them. Five loci, Gp, st-1, Est-2, Est-3 and Got-1 , showed fixed difference electrophoretically between two species and these could be used as genetic markers to identify them. The degree of genic variation of M. oxycephalus was four fold higher(H=0.032) than that of M. lagowskii(H=0.008) but both species were far less than the average genic variation of freshwater fish in general. Rogers' genetic similarity coefficients between two species were S=0.692 and their presumed divergent time was estimated to be sbout 1.8million years ageo. Detailed survey of the geographic distribution of thses revealed that M.lagowskii was distributed in northeastern part of South Korea(Ganseong , Gangreung, Wangsan, and Oggye) and M. oxycephalus was occupied rest of the peninsula. The distrance between Oggye, the southern limit of M. lagowskii distribution , and Samwha (near Samcheog), the northern limit of M.oxycephalus, was aobut 15 Km apart and no symparty was found in between.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.95-100
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• 2020

Background: Compared with reported data of radon concentration, data of radon progeny concentration is limited in general, especially in outdoor environment. Materials and Methods: To know both the level and the variation of radon progeny concentration in outdoor environment in Beijing area, one-year continuous measurement with a cycle of 60 minutes was carried out by a step-advanced filter (SAF) monitor for radon progeny measurement. The observation site was located in a park in Eastern Beijing area, and the observation period was from October 17, 2018 to September 29, 2019. Results and Discussion: The equivalent equilibrium concentration (EEC) of radon progeny varies from 0.7 to 19.1 Bq·m^-3, with an annual average of 4.9 ± 2.7 Bq·m^-3. A clear diurnal variation of EEC, higher in the early morning and lower in the late afternoon, is observed due to the high sensitivity of the SAF monitor. Conclusion: Vertical convection of atmospheric boundary layer is thought to be the main reason of this phenomenon. For annual variation, the lowest monthly average EEC appeared in April, while the highest appeared in November, which might attribute to the atmospheric stability in different seasons.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.10
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• pp.1554-1560
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• 2012

In this paper, the even harmonic current(2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th) of the arc fault current and normal current were measured in computer load and analyzed. The BPF with GIC was developed to detection of harmonic, the exact center frequency and a high degree of sharpness could be easily obtained. The total even harmonic distortion due to series arc fault in computer load was 31.2%, this value was increased 3.9 times better than the total even harmonic distortion of normal current. The results of analysis of arc fault current RMS variation rate and Peak variation rate per half-cycle, The RMS average variation rate are as follows ; the 2nd harmonic was 0.24, the 4th harmonic was 0.15, the 6th harmonic was 0.19, the 8th harmonic was 0.25, respectively. The Peak average variation rate are as follows ; the 2nd harmonic was 0.19, the 4th harmonic was 0.12, the 6th harmonic was 0.13, the 8th harmonic was 0.15, respectively. The results of this analysis utilize data to detect of series arc fault on wiring of computer load.