• ETRI Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.259-266
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• 2011

We present a new method for an automated markerless system to describe, analyze, and classify human gait motion. The automated system consists of three stages: I) detection and extraction of the moving human body and its contour from image sequences, ii) extraction of gait figures by the joint angles and body points, and iii) analysis of motion parameters and feature extraction for classifying human gait. A sequential set of 2D stick figures is used to represent the human gait motion, and the features based on motion parameters are determined from the sequence of extracted gait figures. Then, a k-nearest neighbor classifier is used to classify the gait patterns. In experiments, this provides an alternative estimate of biomechanical parameters on a large population of subjects, suggesting that the estimate of variance by marker-based techniques appeared generous. This is a very effective and well-defined representation method for analyzing the gait motion. As such, the markerless approach confirms uniqueness of the gait as earlier studies and encourages further development along these lines.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.161-173
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and test a measurement of the suicidal protection(MSP) for high school students in Korea. Methods: Thirty-four preliminary items were initially developed based on literature review and focus group interviews. Those items were evaluated by experts for content validity with 31 items yielded. For testing validity and reliability of the measurement, data were collected from 330 high school students in Korea. Results: The item analysis selected 26 items. One item was deleted additionally through the primary exploratory factor analysis. The final exploratory factor analysis yielded 26 items in six factors such as fear of suicide, self-esteem, emotion regulation, support from others, support from family, and school life, explaining 66.6% of the total variance of the suicidal protection for high school students in Korea. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were supported by construct reliability, average variance extracted estimate, and standardized regression weight. MSP scores were positively associated with economic status, academic record and suicidal ideation. Also, criterion validity was supported through a significant correlation with the Reason for Living Inventory for Adolescent. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ reliability coefficient was .93 for the overall measurement and .72~.86 for the six factors. Conclusion: The results show that MSP may be valid and reliable for assessing suicidal protection of high school students.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.51-68
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Brand Personality to Marine Tourism Destination Images and Intention to Recommend. For this purpose, factor analysis was applied to 42 of J.Aaker's Brand Personality Scale and 5 personality dimensions were extracted. This analysis was also applied for cognitive and affective images and two of cognitive images and three of affective images were extracted. Multiple regression was done to estimate the relative effects of Brand Personality to both cognitive and affective images and intention to recommend. The results indicated brand personality influenced on both cognitive and affective images and intention to recommend directly and also found affective images was influenced by cognitive images. The results also suggested useful insight for future study. The Brand Personality Scale which developed for the product by Aaker might not be suitable for measuring the marine tourism destination brand personality and necessary to develop the new scale suitable for marine tourism destination personality, and be needed to study together with other moderating variance such as satisfaction and congruency with image to verifying the exact effect between different variables.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.379-385
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• 2009

The vergence control of binocular stereoscopic camera is the most essential factor for acquiring high quality stereoscopic images. In this paper, we proposed a binocular stereoscopic camera vergence control method using disparity information by the simple image processing and estimate the quantity of vergence control using the Lagrange interpolation equation. The method of extracting disparity information through image processing is as follows: first the key-object in left & right images was extracted through labeling of the central area of the image, and then a simple method was used for calculating the disparity value of the same key-object in the labeled left and right images. The vergence control method uses disparity information and keeps the convergence distance of left & right cameras and the distance of the key-object the same. According to the proposed method, variance in the distance of the key-object and application of calculated disparity information of obtained left & right images to the quadratic Lagrange interpolation equation could estimate the quantity of vergence control, which confirmed that the method of stereoscopic camera vergence control can be simplified through experiments on various key-objects and other convergence distance.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2017

The purpose of this work is to examine the English and Korean voiceless plosives from the Buckeye[15] and Seoul[16] corpus in terms of their static spectral characteristics. The plosives were automatically extracted by a Praat script. In order to estimate the percent correctness in the classification of the plosives, discriminant analyses were performed whose trainings were based on four spectral moments, i.e. the center of gravity, variance, skewness and kurtosis as suggested in [6]. Another set of discriminant analyses were performed based on the spectral tilts. In the last set of analyeses, the spectral moments and tilts were both used in the training. Results showed that the correct classification rate did not exceed around 65% in the best case, which suggested that phonetic cues other than the release burst would be necessary including the dynamic spectral aspects and vowel-onset cues.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.131-152
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• 2018

This study evaluates the potential by Chines region for entry of Korean logistics companies and retailers. The variables affecting e-commerce business and retail sales concerning the Chinese omni-channel market were extracted from a thorough literature review. Empirical analyses for variables based on 31 regions in China were performed. Results show that e-commerce is affected by disposable income and internet traffic and that retail sales are affected by urban and rural population, GRDP and urbanization. In addition, we performed variance decomposition analysis in order to estimate responses of logistics GDP(transport, storage and communication) and the number of Chinese mobile users. Exogenous shocks to logistics GDP and the number of mobile phone users play a strong role in explaining the forecast error of express service variance over time. Based on our results, we suggest 7 potential regions(Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Beijing, Shanghai, Liaoning and Shandong) as well as managerial implications for entry into China for logistics companies and retailers.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.293-304
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• 2014

A child's mental health is an important element of his proper emotional development. Abuse of children by parents and peer groups are causes of depression and anxiety in children. These conditions become obstacles to their normal growth process which can be a contributing factor to juvenile delinquency. This study is based in the theoretical background of the relationship between abuse from parents and peer groups and children's emotional health. This information is analyzed through structural equation modeling.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.83 no.3
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• pp.327-340
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• 2022

The Collapse Margin Ratio (CMR) is a notable index used for seismic assessment of the structures. As proposed by FEMA P695, a set of analyses including the Nonlinear Static Analysis (NSA), Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA), together with Fragility Analysis, which are typically time-taking and computationally unaffordable, need to be conducted, so that the CMR could be obtained. To address this issue and to achieve a quick and efficient method to estimate the CMR, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Response Surface Method (RSM), and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) will be introduced in the current research. Accordingly, using the NSA results, an attempt was made to find a fast and efficient approach to derive the CMR. To this end, 5016 IDA analyses based on FEMA P695 methodology on 114 various Reinforced Concrete (RC) frames with 1 to 12 stories have been carried out. In this respect, five parameters have been used as the independent and desired inputs of the systems. On the other hand, the CMR is regarded as the output of the systems. Accordingly, a double hidden layer neural network with Levenberg-Marquardt training and learning algorithm was taken into account. Moreover, in the RSM approach, the quadratic system incorporating 20 parameters was implemented. Correspondingly, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been employed to discuss the results taken from the developed model. Additionally, the essential parameters and interactions are extracted, and input parameters are sorted according to their importance. Moreover, the ANFIS using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system was employed. Finally, all methods were compared, and the effective parameters and associated relationships were extracted. In contrast to the other approaches, the ANFIS provided the best efficiency and high accuracy with the minimum desired errors. Comparatively, it was obtained that the ANN method is more effective than the RSM and has a higher regression coefficient and lower statistical errors.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.159-171
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• 1996

The aim of this study is which factors affect the commercial land values and how they act upon them through distribution of commercial land values by multiple regression analysis in Gwangju city. The major findings of this study are as follows: (1) The changes of commercial land values distribution in $1989{\sim}1996$, We see that the commercial area of higher land values extends following the main arterial road. This is related to urbanization in urban fringe while the decline of commercial land values occurs in city center with long history of commercial region. This is due to unsuitableness in rapid changes of commercial environment because of fragmented lots, old buildings. traffic congestion etc. (2) The regions where commercial land values greatly rose are the west in constructed the new planning city center of Sangmu-dong. and the south west in which is related to the extension of high density apartment and the location of big discount stores. (3) Through the changes in commercial land values distribution map. and road map, topographical map, we know that commercial land values is related to various factors; namely, distance from CBD, convenient traffic, reputation of commercial district, condition of a road, size of supplementary, a degree of commercial land use etc. (4) From the above related factor, six variables are extracted by operational definition. That is the spatial distance from the city center, the walking distance to a stopping place, the road width, the amount of bus traffic, the amount of pedestrian, the number of the shop. (5) Data of seven variables are collected on the highest values point of each Dong. We applicate multiple regression analysis with commercial land values as a dependent variable, extracted six variables as independent variables. (6) As a result of multiple regression on the determinants of commercial land values, the variables which is greatly related to commercial land values are the amount of pedestrain, the spatial distance from city center. We identify that two variables explain variance of the commercial land values by 65%. (7) In order to make clear about not explained 35%. we carry out analysis of residual. In consequence, we see small estimate in downtown area and large estimate in urban fringe. This feature is due to simple core structure of Gwangju city and limits of this regression model.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.9C
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• pp.1258-1268
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• 2004

We propose a new fast, algorithm which is used for detecting frontal face in the frequency domain based on human skin-color using OCT coefficient of dynamic image compression and skin color information. The region where each pixel has a value of skin-color were extracted from U and V value based on DCT coefficient obtained in the process of Image compression using skin-color map in the Y, U, V color space A morphological filter and labeling method are used to eliminate noise in the resulting image We propose the algorithm to detect fastly human face that estimate the directional feature and variance of luminance block of human skin-color Then Extraction of face was completed adaptively on both background have the object analogous to skin-color and background is simple in the proposed algorithm The performance of face detection algorithm is illustrated by some simulation results earned out on various races We confined that a success rate of 94 % was achieved from the experimental results.