• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

Purpose - Over 90% of Domestic logistics industry is small enterprise and they are experiencing growth stagnation due to price-based competition structure rather than constructing logistics service of high added value. In order to get over this situation and pursue the development of logistics industry, strengthening its competitiveness, through inter-enterprise cooperative network build-up, would be a key alternative. Therefore, in this study, an index for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of Joint logistics business will be developed as a typical collaborative business model in logistics industry. Moreover, a strengthening competitiveness method suggests a developmental step and a key management index to mature in logistics industry. Research Design, Data, Methodology - This study is an index development research for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of logistics industry. Such a level was measured by performing a survey by targeting enterprises that participated in Joint logistics business. The targeting enterprises are typical cooperative models in logistics industry. Measurement items were developed which were based on the presented items in existing research. Question items were composed of selection type questions as answering Yes/No. They measures implementation status of corporate activity and detailed activity items measuring qualitative level. Total samples were based on 116 enterprise samples including 90 logistics enterprises and 26 shippers. In addition, by evaluating the importance for Joint logistics business recognition with personnel working level, the weight of measuring variable was extracted. This study has built an assessment tools (LPCI) on Joint logistics business cooperation level in a situation where there are no previous studies on joint logistics business, this study is meaningful for other studies. Results - As a result of analyzing LPCI presented in this study, the score of logistics enterprise was represented as 59.9 points based on full score of 100 points and that of shippers as 47.2 points and cooperation level among enterprises participated in Joint logistics business was revealed to be very low. In particular, as a result of measuring the importance between logistics enterprise and shippers, the difference by each measurement standard was represented among those enterprises. This difference is considered to be a key factor that cooperative operational conformity between logistics enterprises and shippers is represented to be low. Conclusions - As most joint logistics business, being promoted at present, is sharing facility and information with joint logistics business, it is hard to find such a joint logistics business in reality based on cooperative business model in main cooperation agents. Therefore, competitiveness of logistics industry could be strengthened by promoting joint logistics business based on their mutual cooperation among enterprises. In other words, it is to secure sustainable competitiveness of joint logistics business together with creation of new market by inter-enterprise cooperation based on integration of basic logistics business.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2015

Purpose - Currently, strengthening small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in terms of competitiveness is a key economic issue. However, the problem is that many SMEs lack the internal competence required to cope with a rapidly changing market structure. Such problems can act as an obstacle to economic development, yet most SMEs in Korea are dealing with this problem today. A company's source of competitive advantage is changing from quantity to quality, facility to knowledge, and hardwork to creativity. Under such circumstances, a company should place learning and sharing of knowledge and continuously creating new knowledge as its priority. This study aims to identify the effect of a chief executive officer's (CEO) compassion and forgiveness - positive factors in organizational emotion - on learning organization activities and organizational performance, through a theoretical comparison. Research design, data, and methodology - For this study, SMEs based in Daejeon and Chungcheong area were selected. To secure credibility of the data, the subjects were selected among those who have been working at the business for six months or longer. The survey was conducted for 30 days from March 5, 2015 to April 5, 2015. Both offline and online surveys were conducted. Fifty companies were chosen and 700 questionnaires were distributed, with 506 used for analysis. Fifty subject companies (25 from Daejeon, 10 from Chungnam, 10 from Chungbuk, and five from Sejong) were selected and the objective, target, and survey content were explained to a manager at each company either face-to-face or on the phone. Of the total of 700 questionnaires distributed via mail or e-mail, 78.6% or 550 copies were returned. Excluding 44 insufficient questionnaires, the remainder, 506 questionnaires, were used for analysis. Results - This study analyzed how the CEO's compassion and forgiveness affects learning organization activities and organizational performance. First, compassion of the CEO at the SMEs directly affected the learning organization activities and indirectly affected the organizational performance. Second, forgiveness of the CEO at the SMEs did not affect the learning organization activities and organizational performance directly or indirectly. Conclusions - The study conclusions are as follows. First, CEO compassionate behavior at the SMEs was a significant variable that directly and indirectly affected learning organization activities and organizational performance. Therefore, the CEO of an SME can create a positive organizational atmosphere through compassionate behaviors in the organization. Second, the forgiving behavior of the CEO did not have direct or indirect effects on learning organization activities and organizational performance. However, the reason for a CEO to continue his or her forgiving behavior is because it strengthens employee resilience, commitment, and self-efficacy to protect the organization from negative influences such as layoffs, risks, and wrongdoings. The action of forgiveness does not have direct or indirect effects. However, the CEO shall continue such behavior to strengthen members' physiological resilience, commitment, and self - effectiveness, and to protect the organization from risks including layoff and external negative factors.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2018

Purpose - The study aims to provide the relationships between the social servicescape and customer's emotion and voluntary behaviors were investigated in this study. The social servicescape was largely divided into service employee's image and other customers (in customer's similarity, physical appearance and suitable behavior). Firstly, the relationship between service employee's image and customer's positive emotion was investigated as a specific purpose of study. Secondly, this study attempted to understand the relationship between other customers (in customer's similarity, physical appearance and suitable behavior) and customer's positive emotion. Lastly, the relationship between customer's positive emotion and customer's voluntary behavior dimension (intention to cooperate, intention to participate in and loyalty) was examined. Research design, data, & methodology - In order to prove the hypotheses in this study, the customers who have experienced family restaurants during the last two months were targeted for a survey. A total number of 300 survey papers were distributed and as a result, 248 papers could be used for analysis, except the papers with insincere answers. After the analysis of the reliability and validity of each major variable, the hypothesis was verified through the structure method by using Amos 20.0. Results - First, the results of hypothesis testing on the relationship between social servicescape and customer's positive emotion showed service employee image gives a positively meaningful impact on customer's positive emotion. Secondly, the results on the relationship between other customers and customer's positive emotion indicated that the customer's similarity and physical appearance has a positively significant impact on customer's emotion while customer's suitable behavior has not a significantly positive impact on customer's positive emotion Lastly, customer's positive emotion was shown to have a significantly positive influence on customer's voluntary behavior dimension, that is, intention to cooperate, intention to participate in and loyalty. Conclusions - This study aims to focus on and emphasize the social servicescape and its importance, which is different from the previous studies that have been focused largely on physical servicescape. Such results in this study indicated the social servicescape (service employee's image and other customers) as an important factor that affects customer's positive emotion and voluntary behavior.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2020

Candida albicans가 칸디다 혈증의 주요 원인 균으로 알려져 있지만, 최근에는 non-albicans Candida (NAC)에 의한 심각한 감염이 증가하고 있다. NAC 중에서 C. glabrata는 두 번째로 병원성을 나타내는 원인 균이지만 C. glabrata의 구조, 역학 등의 기본적인 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다양한 유형의 임상 표본으로부터 분리된 총 102개의 C. glabrata균주로 multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)을 수행하였다. FKS, LEU2, NMT1, TRP1, UGP1 및 URA3을 포함한 6개의 하우스키핑 유전자를 증폭하여 염기서열을 분석하였다. 총 3,345개의 DNA 염기서열 중 49개의 가변 염기서열 부위가 발견되었으며, 그 결과 102개의 균주에서 총 12개의 상이한 서열 유형을 확인하였고, 알려지지 않은 서열 유형(USTs) 중 UST1이 가장 많이 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과는 국내 C. glabrata 항생제 처방에 도움이 될 것으로 사료되며, 한국에서 유행하는 C. glabrata에 대한 추가 연구를 위한 기본 역학자료로 사용될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.134-134
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• 2011

High-k dielectric materials such as $HfO_2$, $ZrO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ increase gate capacitance and reduce gate leakage current in MOSFET structures. This behavior suggests that high-k materials will be promise candidates to substitute as a tunnel barrier. Furthermore, stack structure of low-k and high-k tunnel barrier named variable oxide thickness (VARIOT) is more efficient.[1] In this study, we fabricated the $WSi_2$ nanocrystals nonvolatile memory device with $SiO_2/HfO_2/Al_2O_3$ tunnel layer. The $WSi_2$ nano-floating gate capacitors were fabricated on p-type Si (100) wafers. After wafer cleaning, the phosphorus in-situ doped poly-Si layer with a thickness of 100 nm was deposited on isolated active region to confine source and drain. Then, on the gate region defined by using reactive ion etching, the barrier engineered multi-stack tunnel layers of $SiO_2/HfO_2/Al_2O_3$ (2 nm/1 nm/3 nm) were deposited the gate region on Si substrate by using atomic layer deposition. To fabricate $WSi_2$ nanocrystals, the ultrathin $WSi_2$ film with a thickness of 3-4 nm was deposited on the multi-stack tunnel layer by using direct current magnetron sputtering system [2]. Subsequently, the first post annealing process was carried out at $900^{\circ}C$ for 1 min by using rapid thermal annealing system in nitrogen gas ambient. The 15-nm-thick $SiO_2$ control layer was deposited by using ultra-high vacuum magnetron sputtering. For $SiO_2$ layer density, the second post annealing process was carried out at $900^{\circ}C$ for 30 seconds by using rapid thermal annealing system in nitrogen gas ambient. The aluminum gate electrodes of 200-nm thickness were formed by thermal evaporation. The electrical properties of devices were measured by using a HP 4156A precision semiconductor parameter analyzer with HP 41501A pulse generator, an Agillent 81104A 80MHz pulse/pattern generator and an Agillent E5250A low leakage switch mainframe. We will discuss the electrical properties for application next generation non-volatile memory device.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.159-171
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• 1996

본 연구는 심각해지는 토지문제를 해결하기 위해 최근에 시행되고 있는 여러가지 토지제도들이 효과적으로 운용되도록 지가를 정확히 산정하고자 하는 움직임에 대한 기초 연구로서, 다른 토지이용에 비해 월등 높은 지가를 보이고 중은 범위에서도 그 변동폭이 큰 상업지를 택하여, 상업지지가의 지역적 차이가 왜 발생하는지 알아보고자 하였다. $1989{\sim}1996$ 동안의 상업지역의 확산은 시 외곽에 빠르게 조성되고 있는 고밀도 아파트 단지를 배후지로 하여 주요 간선도로변을 따라 활발하게 이루어지고 있는 반면, 도심부는 영세한 부지규모 및 노후화한 건물들로 말미암아 급변하고 있는 상업환경의 변화에 능동적으로 대응하지 못하므로서 지가하락 현상을 보이고 있다. 상업지지가와 관련이 있으리라고 예상되는 6개 변수를 이용하여 중다희귀분석을 적용한 결과 보행자 통행량과 도심으로부터의 거리 등 두 변수가 상업지지가 변화량의 65% 정도를 설명해 주었다. 설명되지 않은 35%의 해명을 위해 잔차분석을 행한 결과 도심부의 과소예측, 시 외곽의 과대 예측을 읽을 수 있었는데 이는 광주시의 단핵구조적 특성의 반영일 뿐만 아니라 이 모델이 갖고 있는 한계이다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2002

최근 다양한 가족유형이 일반화되어가면서 현재 웹상의 주거공간 설계에 대한 전반적인 재검토와 함께 다양하게 표출되는 사용자 요구에 충족할 수 있도록 새로운 형식의 주거 공간 리모델링 제안이 이루어져야 할 시점에 이르렀다. 이에 거주자 생활 패턴 변화에 대응하는 주거 공간의 제안과 웹 구조상치 설계 및 리모델링의 과정이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 -인터넷 기반 가상아파트 리모델링 지능형 서비스 시스템- 사용 시나리오와 프로토타입을 제시하여 리모델링 자동 내역 산출을 위한 시뮬레이터 디자인을 연구하였다. 연구는 크게 네 부분으로 구성되어진다. 먼저, 문헌 연구를 통하여 리모델링의 범위 및 유형 분류로 가능하게 된, 전반적인 리모델링 개념과 기존 범람되어지고 있는 용어들을 정리하였다. 두 번째로 본 연구의 기본모델인 아파트의 공간 가변화를 고정 요소와 가변 요소로 분류하여 실제적 가변벽체의 적응성과 유연성을 살펴보았다. 세 번째로 현장 공사단계의 시뮬레이션을 위한 상담, 마감재, 가견적, 실견적의 데이터베이스화 과정이다. 그 데이터베이스는 다이아그램 계층구조와, 모델을 리모델링 할때 생성되는 일위대가 및 물량 산출 내역 근거표에 기초하여 소개되었다. 마지막으로 기 개발된 시스템을 활용하여 리모델링 시뮬레이터의 시스템 구조도와 사용 시나리오를 제시하였다. 그리고 그 시스템의 디자인 대안을 탐색하고 표현하기 위한 수단으로 프로토 타입을 제작하여 기존 온라인 프로그램 인터페이스의 효율성을 증가시키고 정보 누락의 문제점을 개선하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2018

본 최근 건축물 외벽공사에 커튼월 공법의 사용이 증가하고 있다. 외벽 커튼월 공법은 공기단축 및 경제적 효용이 크다는 장점으로 인해 건물의 외벽으로도 널리 시공되고 있다. 그러나, 커튼월 공법의 프레임과 유리를 연결해 주는 구조용 실란트에 대한 내후성 및 구조물의 거동에 대한 열화를 대체한 시험은 KS F 4910 규격에는 부재한 실정으로 안정적인 커튼월 공법 도입과 품질향상을 위해서는 필요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 외기환경하에서 거동에 대한 탄성복원력시험을 실시하였다. 구조용 실란트를 대상으로 열에 대한 실링재의 열화를 평가하였다. 국내에서는 구조용 실란트의 가변형 변위거동에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정으로 본 연구에서는 외기 환경에 노출된 열화조건을 대체하여 실험실 조건에서 재현한 결과를 확인하고, 설계에 반영하고자 한다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면, 기존의 구조용 실링재는 KS F 4910의 품질기준은 만족하지만, 본 연구에서 실시한 조건에서는 시험체의 파단과 표면의 균열 등이 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 특히, 내후성 시험에서는 시험체 모두 불용의 상태를 확인하여 향후, 커튼월 공법에 사용되는 구조용 실링재의 장기적인 내구성능 평가가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 기존의 구조용 실링재가 현장에 적용되기 위해서는 별도의 내구성능 평가를 실시가 요구된다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 LSPR 센서에 적용하기 위한 제한된 높이 100 nm에서 $TiO_2$, $SiO_2$의 다중층을 이용한 LSPR 센서를 디자인을 제안했다. LSPR 센서의 구조는 유전체 층과 나노 구조가 있는 금속층으로 디자인 하였다. 금속층은 금 박막 40 nm와 높이 40 nm, 주기 600 nm, 선폭 300 nm인 나노와이어 구조체를 올려놓은 구조로 디자인하였다. 유전체 층의 높이를 100nm로 제한하고, $TiO_2$, $SiO_2$가 반복되는 구조로 하여 반복층의 개수를 1~4개로 변경하면서 비교 분석하였다. 파장 가변형 SPR을 디자인하기 위해 각도를 75도로 고정하고 파장을 변화시켜 FEM방식으로 계산하였다. 결과로 굴절율이 고정되어 있을 때 다중층의 개수가 증가할수록 공명 파장이 짧아지는 현상을 확인 하였고, 파장의 변화에 더 민감하게 변화하는 것을 측정하였다. 다만, 다중층의 개수가 3개층 이상이 되면 변화하지 않는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대기
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2017

Korea has recently suffered from severe hazes, largely being long-range transported from China but frequently mixed with domestic pollution. It is important to identify the origin of the frequently-occurring hazes, which is however hard to clearly determine in a quantitative term. In this regard, we suggest a possible classification procedure of various hazes into long-range transported haze (LH), Yellow Sand (YS), and urban haze (UH), based on mass loading of fine particles, time lag of PM mass concentrations between two sites aligned with dominant wind direction, backward trajectory of air mass, and the mass ratio of PM2.5 to PM10. The analysis sites are Seoul (SL) and Baengnyeongdo (BN), which are distant about 200 km from each other in the west to east direction. Aerosol concentrations at BN are overall lower than those of SL, indicative of BN being a background site for SL. We found distinct time lag of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations between BN and SL in case of both LH and YS, but the intensity of YS being stronger than LH. Time scale (e-folding time scale) of LH appears to be longer and more variable than YS, which implies that LH covers much larger spatial scale. In addition, we found linear and significant correlations between ${\tau}_a$ obtained from sunphotometer and ${\tau}_{cal}$ calculated from surface aerosol scattering coefficient for LH episodes, relative to few correlation between those for YS, which might be associated with transported height of YS being much higher than LH. Therefore surface PM concentrations for the YS period are thought to be not representative for vertical integrated amount of aerosol loadings, probably by virtue of decoupled structure of aerosol vertical distribution. Improvement of various hazes classification based on the current result would provide the public as well as researchers with more accurate information of LH, UH, and YS, in terms of temporal scale, size, vertical distribution of aerosols, etc.