• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2003

On nitrobenzene oxidation of aspen, spruce, and knauf wood meals gave rise to vanilline, syrigaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoaldehyde, vanillic acid, and other minor oxidation products. The phenolic aldehydes (p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanilline, and syringaldehyde) are derived from oxidative degradation of the corresponding 4-hydroxyphenylpropane units and their ethers. The lignin content of knauf wood meals was different as the concentration of NaOH solution and cooking temperature. The lignin contents of aspen, spruce, and knauf wood meals were decreased as laccase treatment. The laccase caused C-oxidation, demethylation, cleavage in phenolic groups and C-C cleavage in syrigyl structures.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.611-616
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• 1995

살리실알데히드 옥심, o-바닐린 옥심, 2-히드록시-4-메톡시벤즈알데히드 옥심, 2-히드록시-5-메톡시벤즈알데히드 옥심 및 5-니트로벤즈알데히드 옥심의 옥소바나듐(IV)착물들을 합성하고, 착물들의 특성을 원소분석, 전기전도도 측정, 적외선 분광법, 전자 분광법, 질량 분석법, 및 열분석으로 조사하였다. 원소분석의 결과는 이론 값과 실험 값이 일치하였다. 착물들은 DMF 용액에서 비전해질이었다. 바나듐(IV)과 말단 산소사이의 특성 신축진동은 $980{\pm}20\;cm^{-1}$의 영역에서 강하게 나타났다.모든 착물은 가시영역에서 2개의 결정장전이와 적외선 영역에서 2개의 전하이동 전이가 일어났다. 질량분석 결과로서 $VO(sal)_2$와 $VO(van)_2$에서는 분자량에 해당하는 1:2(금속:리간드) 착물의 이온(I)과 착물의 이온(I)에서 한리간드가 분해한 1:1(금속:리간드) 조성의 토막 이온(II)을 확인할 수 있었다. 시차열분석 결과에 의하면 열분해에 따른 흡열 봉우리가 나타났다.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.508-518
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• 2003

SZ95 cell is an immortalized human sebaceous gland cell line that shows the morphologic, phenotypic and functional characteristics of normal human sebocytes. Sebocytes may play crucial parts in the pathophysiologic processes and disorders of the pilosebaceous unit. The secretory activity of the sebaceous gland is remarkably species-specific and acne is an exclusively human disease. Thus, this SZ95 cells offer possibilities for investigations on the physiology of the sebaceous gland and its role in sebum-associated skin disease such as acne. In this study, we investigated the effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) and spironolactone, frequently used as therapeutic agents of acne, on the lipid synthesis and proliferation of human sebocytes. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay and cytoplasmic lipid droplets was shown by Oil-red a staining. Total lipid levels were biochemically estimated by the sulfo-phospho-vanilline reagent. 13-cis-RA and spironolactone significantly inhibited proliferation and lipid levels in a dose-dependent manner. Combined treatment with testosterone and 13-cis-RA or spironolactone resulted in a lower total lipid levels than that with androgen alone. These observations indicate that 13-cis-RA and spironolactone are potent inhibitors of both cell proliferation and lipid synthesis in human sebocytes. We will provide experimental evidence that this human sebocyte cell line serves as an adequate tool for evaluating the anti-lipogenic activity of various compounds potentially useful for the bioactive cosmeceutical ingredients on acne skin, and studying the intracellular biochemical markers depending on the types of compounds from various sources.

• 임산에너지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.56-70
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the structural characteristics of kraft lignin and the wood degrading characteristics, the productivity of ligninolytic enzymes and the enzymatic degradation of kraft lignin by white-rot fungi. To purify kraft lignin, precipitation of kraft pulping black liquors of pitch pine meal was done by titration with lN $H_{2}SO_{4}$ reaching to pH 2, and isolation of the precipitates done by centrifugation. The isolated precipitates from pitch pine were redissloved in lN NaOH, reprecipitated by titration with lN $H_{2}SO_{4}$, washed with deionized water, and kept ofr analysis after freeze drying. Fractionation of the precipitates in solution by successive extraction with $CH_{2}Cl_{2}$ and MeOH, and the fractionates were named SwKL, SwKL I, SwKL II, and SwKL III for pitch pine kraft lignin. The more molecular weights of kraft lignin increased, the less phenolic hydroxyl groups and the more aliphatic hydroxyl groups. Because as the molecular weights increased, the ratio of etherified guaiayl/syringyl(G/S ratio) and the percentage were increased. The spectra obtained by 13C NMR and FTIR assigned by comparing the chemical shifts of various signals with shifts of signals from autherized ones reported. The optimal growth temperature and pH of white-rot fungi in medium were $28^{\circ}C$ and 4.5-5.0, respectively. Especially, in temperature and pH range, and mycelial growth, the best white-rot fungus selected was Phanerochaete chrysosporium for biodegradation. For the degradation pathways, the ligninolytic fungus jcultivated with stationary culture using medium of 1% kraft lignin as a substrate for 3 weeks at $28^{\circ}C$. The weight loss of pitch pine kraft lignin was 15.8%. The degraded products extracted successively methoanol, 90% dioxane and diethyl ether. The ether solubles were analyzed by HPLC. Kraft lignin degradation was initiated in $\beta$-O-4 bonds of lignin by the laccase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and the degraded compounds were produced from the cleavage of $C\alpha$-$C\beta$ linkages at the side chains by oxidation process. After $C\alpha$-$C\beta$ cleavage, $C\alpha$-Carbon was oxidized and changed into aldehyde and acidic compounds such as syringic acid, syringic aldehyde and vanilline. And the other compound as quinonemethide, coumarin, was analyzed. The structural characteristics of kraft lignin were composed of guaiacyl group substituted functional OHs, methoxyl, and carbonyl at C-3, -4, and -5 and these groups were combinated with $\alpha$ aryl ether, $\beta$ aryl ether and biphenyl. Kraft lignin degradation pathways by Phanerochaete chrysosporium were initially accomplished cleavage of $C\alpha$-$C\beta$ linkages and $C\alpha$ oxidation at the propyl side chains and finally cleavage of aromatic ring and oxidation of OHs.