• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.299-304
• /
• 2001

Teicoplanin is a kind of glycopeptide antibiotics produced by Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, and used in the clinical antibiotic such as vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Stabphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Actino planes teichomyceticus ATCC 31121 was mutated with UV to obtain a superior mutant strain with increased level of teicoplanin production. In this investigation, lethal curve was obtained and the optimal condition to induce mutagenesis was determined to isolate the desirable mutant strain. It was also confirmed that teicoplanin activities by agar diffusion method was compared with the parent strain. One mutant strain, T991014-1 with the highest productivity, was finally selected, and was characterized through the various tests such as amylase activity, protease activity, halotolerance, antibiotic resistance, autotoxicity, and productivity. Ad fermentation characteristics of the mutant strain were also studied.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2004

Previously, strains of Streptococci genera were isolated from osteomyelitis caused by the post-infection after extraction. In present study, to test the sensitivity of the Streptococci strains against seven antibiotics, penicillin G, amoxicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, erythromycin, clindamycin, and vancomycin, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed using broth dilution assay. Our data showed that the value of MIC of the Streptococci against antibiotics were different among the strains. In addition, the degree of resistance to antibiotics of Streptococci strains was mainly depended on the origin of isolation. Our results suggest that the development of the rapid and accurate method to detect the antibiotics-resistant bacteria is need to prevent the misuse or abuse of antibiotics and outbreak of antibiotics-resistant bacteria.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.268-276
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors which influence the management of MultiDrug -Resistant Organisms (MDROs) by nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Methods: Data were collected from December 8 to 20, 2013 and participants were 163 ICU nurses working in one general hospital. The Health Belief Model tool and knowledge and management of MDROs infection tools were used in the study. Descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variances, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: Knowledge, perceived susceptibility, and perceived benefits had a significant influence on MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus,) and MDRAB (Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii) infection management when all the other variables were considered. Significant variable which had influence on VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Eenterococci) infection management were perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits. Conclusion: Perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits had significant influence on MDROs infection management. Emphasis needs to be on the perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits of MDROs infection management when providing an educational program for ICU nurses.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2018

Information on the prevalence of S. aureus and the current antimicrobial resistance profile is necessary in selecting the appropriate treatment of S. aureus infections in any part of the world. This study examined the frequency and antibiotic resistance list of S. aureus isolates obtained from clinical specimens at one hospital in Korea. A total of 1,746 gram positive cocci collected were identified as S. aureus. S. aureus isolates were obtained from different samples including sputum (N=565; 32.4%), endotracheal aspirate (358; 20.5%), wounds (329; 18.8%), blood (137; 7.8%), urine (67; 3.8%), and pus (59; 3.4%). All 1,545 S. aureus (100%) strains screened from sputum (565; 36.6%), endotracheal aspirate (388; 25.1%), wounds (329; 21.3%), blood (137; 8.9%), urine (67; 4.3%), and pus (59; 3.8%) were sensitive to glycopeptide (vancomycin, teicoplanin), oxazolidinone (linezolid) and stretogramin (quinupristin/dalfopristin). The prevalence of resistant S. aureus was significantly (P<0.01) lower in urine, blood, pus, wounds, and sputum than in endotracheal aspirates. As a result, there was a significant difference in the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus according to the clinical specimens.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.647-655
• /
• 2014

Obesity is strongly associated with several metabolic and chronic diseases and has become a major public health problem of worldwide concern. This study aimed to investigate the physiological characteristics and anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Q180. Lactobacillus plantarum Q180 was isolated from the faces of healthy adults and found to have a lipase inhibitory activity of $83.61{\pm}2.32%$ and inhibited adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells ($14.63{\pm}1.37%$) at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. The strain was investigated for its physiological characteristics. The optimum growth temperature of L. plantarum Q180 was $37^{\circ}C$. Lactobacillus plantarum Q180 showed higher sensitivity to novobiocin in a comparison of fifteen different antibiotics and showed the highest resistance to rifampicin, polymyxin B and vancomycin. The strain showed higher ${\beta}$-galactosidase and N-acetyl-${\beta}$-glucosaminidase activities. It also did not produce carcinogenic enzymes such as ${\beta}$-glucuronidase. The survival rate of L. plantarum Q180 in MRS broth containing 0.3% bile was 97.8%. Moreover, the strain showed a 97.2% survival rate after incubation for 3 h in pH 2.0. Lactobacillus plantarum Q180 was displayed resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus with rates of 55.6%, 38.0% and 47.6%, respectively. These results demonstrate that L. plantarum Q180 has potential as a probiotic with anti-obesity effects.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2011

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens worldwide and the emergence of this strain has become a major clinical problem. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of MRSA and their genetic characteristics in 69 S. aureus isolated from humans and animals. In human isolates, higher antimicrobial resistance rates were observed against penicillin (80.6%), followed by erythromycin (11.9%) and tetracycline (9.0%). All of them were susceptible to clindamycin, enrofloxacin, novobiocin, pirlimycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and vancomycin. The resistance patterns in animal isolates were similar to those of human isolates. Two (2.9%) MRSA strains were isolated from human (n = 1) and animal (n = 1), and these isolates were confirmed as carrying the mecA gene. One isolate originating from human was resistant to 7 drugs and the other isolate derived from animal was resistant to 11 drugs. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) variant IIIB was identified in animal isolate but SCCmec type of an isolate from human was not exactly determined. Two MRSA isolates showed unrelated PFGE pattern between them. Our results indicated although the frequency of MRSA isolates from humans and animals was low, a continuous surveillance and monitoring should be called for to prevent the contamination and spread of MRSA in the community. To our knowledge, this is the first time that SCCmec type variant IIIB was detected from animals in Korea.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.106-114
• /
• 2014

Folic acid, one of the B group of vitamins, is an essential substance for maintaining the functions of the nervous system, and is also known to decrease the level of homocysteine in plasma. Homocysteine influences the lowering of the cognitive function in humans, and especially in elderly people. In order to determine the strains with a strong capacity to produce folic acid, 190 bacteria were isolated from various kinds of jeotgal and chungkuk-jang. In our test experiment, JA71 was found to contain $9.03{\mu}g/mL$ of folic acid after 24 h of incubation in an MRS broth. This showed that JA71 has the highest folic acid production ability compared to the other lactic acid bacteria that were isolated. JA71 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by the result of API carbohydrate fermentation pattern and 16s rDNA sequence. JA71 was investigated for its physiological characteristics. The optimum growth temperature of JA71 was $37^{\circ}C$, and the cultures took 12 h to reach pH 4.4. JA71 proved more sensitive to bacitracin when compared with fifteen different antibiotics, and showed most resistance to neomycin and vancomycin. Moreover, it was comparatively tolerant of bile juice and acid, and displayed resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus with restraint rates of 60.4%, 96.7%, and 76.2%, respectively. These results demonstrate that JA71 could be an excellent strain for application to functional products.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.595-602
• /
• 2013

As a major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system in animals, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has several physiological functions, such as anti-hypertensive, diuretic, tranquilizer and anti-stress effects in human. In order to determine strains with high GABA producing ability and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity, 273 bacteria were isolated from various types of Kimchi. Strain K255 contained $386.37{\mu}g/mL$ of GABA in MRS broth containing 1% MSG, $600.63{\mu}g/mL$ of GABA in MRS broth containing 2% MSG and $821.24{\mu}g/mL$ of GABA in MRS broth containing 3% MSG. It showed that K255 had the highest GABA production ability compared to other commercial lactic acid bacteria. K255 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum based on its API carbohydrate fermentation pattern and 16S rDNA sequence. K255 was investigated for its physiological characteristics. The optimum growth temperature of K255 was $37^{\circ}C$and cultures took 13 h to reach the pH 4.4. K255 showed more sensitive to bacitracin in a comparison of fifteen different antibiotics, and showed most resistance to kanamycin and vancomycin. Moreover, it was comparatively tolerant to bile juice and acid and displayed resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, with rates of 30.8%, 29.7%, and 23.4% respectively. These results demonstrate that K255 could be an excellent strain for the production of functional products.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.525-531
• /
• 2005

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial infections and is one of the most commonly isolated bacterial species in the hospital and continues to be an important pathogen in both community and hospital-acquired infection. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which is associated with hospitals is now being isolated in the community. The purpose of this study is to investigate the carrier rate of S. aureus in the community, antibiotic resistance patterns of the organism, detection of MRSA and mecA gene in MRSA. Ninety strains $(46.4\%)$ of S. aureus were isolated from the nasal specimens of 194 elementary school students. Eighty-nine strains $(98.9\%)$ of 90 S. aureus were resistant to penicilin, 36 strains $(40.0\%)$ to erythromycin, 14 strains $(15.6\%)$ to fusidic acid, 11 strains $(12.2\%)$ to gentamycin, 9 strains $(10.0\%)$ to tobramycin, 5 strains $(5.6\%)$ to oxacillin, 4 strains $(4.4\%)$ to clindamycin, 2 strains $(2.2\%)$ to tetracycline, 1 strains $(1.1\%)$ to fosfomycin. None of $90(0\%)$ S. aureus isolates was resistant to ciprpfloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, levofloxacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, rifampicin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin. Five strains $(5.6\%)$ of 90 S. aureus isolates were MRSA. The mecA gene was detected from five MRSA strains by PCR.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.220-226
• /
• 2014

Sixty-seven Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from surface seawater from the Wando area, on the southern coast of Korea, were analyzed for their susceptibility to 15 different antimicrobials and the presence of virulence genes. According to the disk diffusion susceptibility test, all of the strains studied were resistant to ampicillin and oxacillin, while decreasing percentages were resistant to vancomycin (64.2%), streptomycin (56.7%), amikacin (31.3%), kanamycin (22.3%), cephalothin (20.9%), erythromycin (10.4%), ciprofloxacin (4.5%), and tetracycline (3.0%). All of the strains were susceptible to five antimicrobials: chloramphenicol, gentamycin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and trimethoprim. Fifty-nine isolates (88.1%) were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial and defined as multidrug resistant, and two strains were resistant to seven antimicrobial agents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the 67 V. parahaemolyticus isolates to ampicillin and oxacillin ranged from 512-2,048 and $64-512{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. All 67 isolates were also examined for the presence of the tdh and trh virulence genes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, no isolates possessed either tdh or trh. The VPA0477 (${\beta}$-lactamase) gene, present in all of the tested strains, was validated as a new specific marker gene in PCR assays for the accurate detection and identification of V. parahaemolyticus.