• Title/Summary/Keyword: vancomycin resistance

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원유에서 분리한 Lactobacillus plantarum M23의 Tyrosinase 활성 저해 및 생리적 특성조사 (Physiological Characteristics and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum M23 Isolated from Raw Milk)

  • 허인숙;김기성;양승용;이남혁;임상동
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.501-508
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 국내 각 지역의 목장에서 수거한 원유에서 분리된 젖산균 M23 균주에 대해 tyrosinase 활성 저해율을 측정한 결과, mushroom에서 추출한 tyrosinase에서는 52.1%, Melanoma B16에서 추출한 tyrosinase에서는 32.0%로 나타났으며, 활성 저해율이 다른 상업균주와 시중 발효유에 비해 높게 나타남에 따라 tyrosinase 활성 저해효과가 우수한 균주로 선발하였다. 선정된 균은 Gram 양성, rod형태의 homo균이며, 당 발효실험과 16S rRNA 분석결과 Lactobacillus plantarum으로 판명되었고, L. plantarum M23으로 명명하였다. 발효유에 적합한 starter인지 확인하기 위해 생리적 특성을 조사하였다. L. plantarum M23은 배양온도 $40^{\circ}C$에서 빠른 생장을 보였고, pH 4.3에 도달하는데 17시간이 소요되었다. 16종의 항생제 중 vancomycin에 대해 내성이 높았으며, 효소활성실험에서 leucine arylamidase, ${\beta}-galactosidase$의 활성도가 높았다. 담즙 첨가시 약간의 영향을 받았으나 담즙에 대한 내성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, pH 내성 실험결과 pH 2에서 큰 변화가 없음에 따라 내산성이 있었다. 항균력 시험에서는 E. coli에 대해 77.8%, S. typhimurium와 S. aureus에 대해 각각 86.5%, 83.8%의 억제력이 나타나 항균력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 멜라닌 억제능이 우수한 기능성 발효유 제품의 스타터로 L. plantarum M23은 적합하다고 할 수 있다.

Antibiotic Resistance and Genetic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Chicken Carcasses in Korea

  • Jang Sung-Sik;Choo Eui-Young;Han Ki-Seon;Miyamoto Takahisa;Heu Sung-Gi;Ryu Sang-Ryeol
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제16권8호
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    • pp.1276-1284
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    • 2006
  • Listeria monocytogenes is a well-known high-risk foodborne pathogen that grows at refrigeration temperature and is responsible for outbreaks of listeriosis. We report here the incidence of L. monocytogenes in fresh chicken carcasses and present genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates. In this study, 25 g of chicken carcasses from markets in Korea were examined according to the FDA method, and presumptive isolates were confirmed by multiplex PCR assay. L. monocytogenes isolates were analyzed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis using restriction enzymes, ApaI and AscI, to obtain strain-specific DNA fragments profiles. Antimicrobial resistance of L. monocytogenes strains against generally used antibiotics (Penicillin G, Kanamycin, Tetracycline, Vancomycin, Cephalothin, Rifampicin, Erythromycin, Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, and Chloramphenicol) were analyzed by NCCLS protocols to examine the presence of antimicrobial resistance in natural L. monocytogenes. Of a total 274 chicken samples, 81 samples (29.6%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. Listeria innocua (50.1%), Listeria welshimeri (6.9%), and Listeria grayi (11.3%) were also detected. PFGE analysis, using restriction enzymes ApaI and AscI, showed 27 pulsotypes of L. monocytogenes. Antimicrobial resistance analysis confirmed the existence of antimicrobial resistance for penicillin G and tetracycline in isolated L. monocytogenes strains.

Screening and Characterization of Pro biotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Korean Fermented Foods

  • Lim, Sung-Mee;Im, Dong-Soon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.178-186
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    • 2009
  • To examine their potential as probiotics, acid and bile tolerance, antibiotics resistance, adhesion capacity to Caco-2 and HT-29, and antibacterial activity, of LAB isolated from Korean fermented foods such. as dongchimi, kimchi, Meju, and doenjang were assayed against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. DC 55, DC 136, DC 222, KC 21, KC 24, KC 34, KC 43, KC 117, MJ 54, MJ 301, SP 33, and SP 170 strains were resistant to acid and bile conditions. In particular, DC 55, DC 136, KC 24, KC 43, and MJ 301 strains were highly resistant to higher than 20 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentrations of vancomycin, streptomycin sulfate, or amoxicillin, whereas, DC 222, KC 21, KC 34, KC 117, MJ 54, and SP 33 strains were susceptible to lower than 2 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentrations of those antibiotics. The adhesion to HT-29 and Caco-2 cells varied with the strains tested in a strain-dependent manner. The highest level of adhesion was observed with DC 55, KC 21, KC 24, and MJ 301 strains, having higher than 50% of adhesion to HT-29 or Caco-2 cells. In addition, Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive to KC 21, showing an inhibition of about 70%, and the antibacterial activity of KC 21 against S. aureus resulted most likely from both organic acids and bacteriocin. Based on its phenotypic characteristics and utilization of various sugars, the KC 21 strain was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum.

서울지역 학생들의 손 씻기 의식과 학생들의 손에서 분리된 황색포도상구균의 항생제 내성에 관한 연구 (Hand Washing Awareness among Students in Seoul and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated on Their Hands)

  • 이향;최성민
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.278-286
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    • 2009
  • The total of 181 students in Seoul were made up questions to analysis hand washing awareness from 2007 to 2008. And their hands were sampled to isolate Staphylococcus aureus for testing antibiotic resistance. The average of hand washing frequency was $2.8{\pm}2.6$ per day in their schools. The rates of the students washing hands before eating food, after outdoor activity and after using bathroom were 22.2%, 24.4% and 49.4%, respectively. The rate of students washing hand less than 20 seconds was 64.4%. The students of 43.3% answered that they thought they were washing hands well. The middle school students were worse than elementary and high school students were aware of the frequency, duration and activity of hand washing. The isolation rate of S. aureus on the hands was 29.4%. The isolates were resitant to ampicillin (28.6%), chloramphenicol (6.1%), erythromycin (31.0%), gentamycin (2.0%), penicillin (79.6%) and tetracycline (6.1%) of 17 antibiotics tested. They were all sensitive to oxacillin and vancomycin.

Molecular typing of epidemiologically unrelated Staphylococcus epidermidis recovered from dogs by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

  • Pak, Son-il
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제39권4호
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    • pp.811-818
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    • 1999
  • A total of 16 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates collected from 14 dogs admitted to the Veterinary Medicial Teaching Hospital in Seoul National University over eleven months were examined for in vitro antibiotic susceptibility pattern with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and slime production, a virulence-associated phenotype, and were genetically characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The frequency of resistance to antimicrobial agents tested was not high, with a susceptibility ranging from 56.3% to 100%. Three strains exhibited multiple drug resistance against amikacin (MIC, $32-64{\mu}g/ml$), ampicillin ($32{\mu}g/ml$), fosfomycin ($32-128{\mu}g/ml$) and gentamicin ($16{\mu}g/ml$). Vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and rifampin were effective antibiotics against the isolates. All isolates were slime producers ; strains isolated from dogs which died of bacteremia were more likely to produce slime than those isolated from dogs which survived. Chromosomal DNA fingerprinting of the isolates yielded 16 different genomic types with few common bands, indicating a variety of clones of S epidermidis were prevalent in the hospital. This study revealed that PFGE is an useful method for the genotype characterization of S epidermidis strains and this organism could probably be pathogenic in some dogs with severe disorders. Further works on a larger number of epidemiologically defined strains are required to assess these results.

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Genome Profiling for Health Promoting and Disease Preventing Traits Unraveled Probiotic Potential of Bacillus clausii B106

  • Kapse, N.G.;Engineer, A.S.;Gowdaman, V.;Wagh, S.;Dhakephalkar, P.K.
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.334-345
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    • 2018
  • Spore-forming Bacillus species are commercially available probiotic formulations for application in humans. They have health benefits and help prevent disease in hosts by combating entero-pathogens and ameliorating antibiotic-associated diarrhea. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of these benefits remain unclear. Here, we report the draft genome of a potential probiotic strain of Bacillus clausii B106. We mapped and compared the probiotic profile of B106 with other reference genomes. The draft genome analysis of B106 revealed the presence of ADI pathway genes, indicating its ability to tolerate acidic pH and bile salts. Genes encoding fibronectin binding proteins, enolase, as well as a gene cluster involved in the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides underscored the potential of B106 to adhere to the intestinal epithelium and colonize the human gut. Genes encoding bacteriocins were also detected, indicating the antimicrobial ability of this isolate. The presence of genes encoding vitamins, including Riboflavin, Folate, and Biotin, also indicated the health-promoting ability of B106. Resistance of B106 to multiple antibiotics was evident from the presence of genes encoding resistance to chloramphenicol, ${\beta}$-lactams, Vancomycin, Tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides. The findings indicate the significance of B. clausii B106 administration during antibiotic treatment and its potential value as a probiotic strain to replenish the health-promoting and disease-preventing gut flora following antibiotic treatment.

Lactobacillus plantarum KI134의 생리적 특성 및 이 균에 의한 우유 발효물의 항비만효과 (Physiological Characteristics and Anti-Obesity Effect of Milk Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum KI134)

  • 김슬기;임상동
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.207-221
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    • 2020
  • This study aimed to investigate the physiological characteristics and anti-obesity effects of milk fermented by L. plantarum KI134. The lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of milk fermented by L. plantarum KI134 was 94.57±1.25%, 9.44±2.85%, and 2.74±1.24% (10 fold dilution), respectively. L. plantarum KI134 showed higher sensitivity to clindamycin and erythromycin in comparison to sixteen different antibiotics. It demonstrated the highest resistance toward ampicillin and vancomycin. The strain showed higher β-galactosidase, leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activities compared to other enzymes. It also did not produce carcinogenic enzymes, such as β-glucuronidase. The survival rate of L. plantarum KI134 in 0.3% bile was 96.90%. Moreover, the strain showed a 91.45% survival rate at a pH of 2.0. L. plantarum KI134 has resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus at the rates of 70.00%, 68.18%, 59.05%, and 40.63%, respectively. L. plantarum KI134 (23.01%) showed higher adhesion ability than the positive control (16.32%) L. rhamnosus GG. These results demonstrated that milk fermented by L. plantarum KI134 demonstrated an anti-obesity effect under in vitro conditions, with confirmed potential as a probiotic.

Legal High Plants와 항생제의 항균활성 비교 (Synergy effect of legal highs with antibiotics)

  • 손효정;유선희;박초희
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.1635-1645
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    • 2020
  • In this study would like to find extending or increasing the efficacy of the antibiotic substance for the strains with resistance to antibiotics or persister cells by inhibition of the resistance. This study was used different species of 'legal high' plants leaves from Leonotis leonurus, Mitragyna speciosa, and seeds from Ipomoea murucoides with antibiotics which are Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Kanamycin, Oxacillin, and Vancomycin. Legal highs were extracted with methanol. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) testing for a range of antibiotics with extracts of plant was fulfilled by broth dilution methods. In this essay, it was determined in a microdilution assay utilizing suspended in ISB up to a final concentration of 512㎍/ml in 96 wells microtitre plates, threefold and serial dilutions. After that, the microplates were kept in incubator between 35℃ and 37℃ for overnight. Leonotis leonurus, Mitragyna speciosa, and Ipomoea murucoides of Legal highs (512㎍/ml) investigated small activity to inhibit against pathogens which are susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, resistant Staphylococcus aureus, susceptible Enterococcus faecalis, resistant Escherichia coli.

Raw Animal Meats as Potential Sources of Clostridium difficile in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia

  • Taha, Ahmed E.
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제41권5호
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    • pp.883-893
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    • 2021
  • Clostridium difficile present in feces of food animals may contaminate their meats and act as a potential source of C. difficile infection (CDI) to humans. C. difficile resistance to antibiotics, its production of toxins and spores play major roles in the pathogenesis of CDI. This is the first study to evaluate C. difficile prevalence in retail raw animal meats, its antibiotics susceptibilities and toxigenic activities in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia. Totally, 240 meat samples were tested. C. difficile was identified by standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Vitek-2 compact system confirmed C. difficile isolates were 15/240 (6.3%). Toxins A/B were not detected by Xpect C. difficile toxin A/B tests. Although all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole, variable degrees of reduced susceptibilities to moxifloxacin, clindamycin or tetracycline antibiotics were detected by Epsilon tests. C. difficile strains with reduced susceptibility to antibiotics should be investigated. Variability between the worldwide reported C. difficile contamination levels could be due to absence of a gold standard procedure for its isolation. Establishment of a unified testing algorithm for C. difficile detection in food products is definitely essential to evaluate the inter-regional variation in its prevalence on national and international levels. Proper use of antimicrobials during animal husbandry is crucial to control the selective drug pressure on C. difficile strains associated with food animals. Investigating the protective or pathogenic potential of non-toxigenic C. difficile strains and the possibility of gene transfer from certain toxigenic/ antibiotics-resistant to non-toxigenic/antibiotics-sensitive strains, respectively, should be worthy of attention.

중환자실 VRE 균집락과 획득발생 위험요인 (Risk Factors for Colonization and Acquisition with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Intensive Care Units)

  • 한수하;박호란
    • 기본간호학회지
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.522-530
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: In this study active surveillance culture for ICU patients, in whom the risk of VRE infection was high were conducted, and through this the VRE colonization rate and the characteristics of the colonization were examined and risk factors involved in VRE colonization and acquisition were analyzed. Method: This research was performed with 635 patients admitted to ICU between July 1 and December 31, 2006. Results: On admission to ICU, the VRE colonization rate was 2.36%, 93% identified from active surveillance culture. The VRE colonization rate was significantly higher in those patients with cancer (OR=9.43; 95% CI=1.38${\sim}$62.50; P=.022), liver cirrhosis (OR=55.5; 95% CI=7.29${\sim}$500; P=.005), transferred from other hospitals (OR=200; 95% CI=22.73${\sim}$1000; P=.000), high APACHE II score (OR=1.107; 95% CI=1.010${\sim}$1.213; P=.029), or antibiotics within the last 3 months (OR=15.87; 95% CI=2.27${\sim}$111.11; P=.005). The VRE acquisition rate was 5.2%. It was significantly higher in those who were using a ventilator (OR=26.31; 95% CI=5.13${\sim}$142.86; P=.000), three or more kinds of antibiotics during admission (OR=58.82; 95% CI=16.13${\sim}$200; P=.000), or high APACHE II score (OR=1.16; 95% CI=1.08${\sim}$ 1.24; P=.000). Conclusion: The results of this study show that active surveillance culture can detect VRE colonization on admission to ICU and those who have acquired VRE in ICU. The analyzed VRE colonization and risk factors of VRE acquisition are expected to be useful in establishing guidelines for preventing VRE infection in ICU.

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