• Title/Summary/Keyword: vacuolar accumulation

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Ultrastructural Study of Programmed Cell Death of Tapetum In Panax ginseng (인삼 융단조직의 프로그램 세포사에 관한 미세구조적 연구)

  • Jeong, Byung-Kap
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.19 no.8
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    • pp.1016-1022
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    • 2009
  • Tapetum is the tissue in which nutrients are supplied to the developing microspore in angiosperm anther. At tetrad stage of microspore, the tapetal cells show maximum development, but they began to be degenerated by apoptotic programmed cell death (PCD) after sporopollenin accumulation in the pollen wall. The initial step of PCD was observed as vacuolar fusion. After that, cytoplasmic condensation and nuclear fragmentation followed. Lipid droplets are degenerated at a relatively late stage of PCD, and orbicular bodies are the last remains in tapetal cells. The cell wall was relatively resistant against vacuolar enzymes in tapetal cells; it was considered the last structure remaining during programmed cell death of tapetum in ginseng anther.

Differential Diagnosis of Thick Myocardium according to Histologic Features Revealed by Multiparametric Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

  • Min Jae Cha;Cherry Kim;Chan Ho Park;Yoo Jin Hong;Jae Min Shin;Tae Hoon Kim;Yoon Jin Cha;Chul Hwan Park
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.581-597
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    • 2022
  • Left ventricular (LV) wall thickening, or LV hypertrophy (LVH), is common and occurs in diverse conditions including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), hypertensive heart disease, aortic valve stenosis, lysosomal storage disorders, cardiac amyloidosis, mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, sarcoidosis and athlete's heart. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging provides various tissue contrasts and characteristics that reflect histological changes in the myocardium, such as cellular hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte disarray, interstitial fibrosis, extracellular accumulation of insoluble proteins, intracellular accumulation of fat, and intracellular vacuolar changes. Therefore, CMR imaging may be beneficial in establishing a differential diagnosis of LVH. Although various diseases share LV wall thickening as a common feature, the histologic changes that underscore each disease are distinct. This review focuses on CMR multiparametric myocardial analysis, which may provide clues for the differentiation of thickened myocardium based on the histologic features of HCM and its phenocopies.

Microstructural Differentiation of the Oocyte in the Abalone Haliotis discus hannai (북방전복(Haliotis discus hannai) 난모세포의 미세구조적 분화)

  • Kim, Hyejin;Kim, Hyeon Jin;Kim, Young Sook;Lee, Jung Sick
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.90-97
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was to provide basic information on sexual maturity and reproductive biology for the management of biological resources in abalone Haliotis discus hannai. The nucleus of the oogonium occupied about 42% of the cytoplasm, and had a distinctive basophilic chromatin. The cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes was homogeneous and the size of nuclear pores increased. Fine granular and vacuolar yolk granules were observed in the cytoplasm of the initial vitellogenic oocyte. In this stage, the egg stalk and jelly membrane began to develop. The nucleus of the active vitellogenic oocyte was located near the animal pole. Yolk granules were strongly acidophilic. Lampbrush chromosomes were observed in the nucleus and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Annulate lamellae developed in the cytoplasm. The shape of the ripe oocyte was rounded polygonal. The size of ripe oocytes was 202.9±21.40×142.1±18.82 ㎛ and the thickness of the jelly membrane was 10.1±1.52 ㎛. These results show that yolk accumulation in H. discus hannai is based on two methods: exogenous accumulation, through the egg stalk, and endogenous accumulation, through intracellular organelles. Management of biological resources will be necessary when oocytes predominate after the active vitellogenic stage.

Salt Tolerance in Plants - Transgenic Approaches

  • Sangam S.;Jayasree D.;Reddy K.Janardhan;Chari P.V.B.;Sreenivasulu N.;Kishor P.B.Kavi
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2005
  • Salinity is one of the major limiting factors for agricultural productivity. In plants, accumulation of osmolytes plays a pivotal role in abiotic stress tolerance. Likewise, exclusion or compartmentation of $Na^+$ ions into vacuoles provides an efficient mechanism to avert deleterious effects of $Na^+$ in the cytosol. Both vacuolar and plasma membrane sodium transporters and $H^+-ATPases$ can provide the necessary ion homeostasis. A variety of crop plants were engineered with respect to the synthesis of osmoprotectants and ion-compartmentation, but there are other cellular pathways involved in the salinity responses that are still not completely explored. Genomics approaches are increasingly used to identify genes and pathway changes involved in salt-tolerance. The new knowledge may be used via guided genetic engineering of multiple genes to create crop plants with significantly increased productivity in saline soils. This review surveys how plants deal with high salt conditions and how salt tolerance can be improved by transgenic approaches.

The Efficacy of Needle-Acupuncture and Moxibustion at BL18 on Hepatic Injury in Dogs (간유(肝兪)(BL18)에 대한 자침 및 뜸 요법의 개 간 손상 회복에 미치는 효과)

  • Jun, Hyung-Kyou;Lee, Chang-Seok;Lee, Jung-Yeon;Lee, Sang-Eun;Song, Kun-Ho;Park, Bae-Gun;Cho, Sung-Whan;Kim, Duck-Hwan
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.10-14
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    • 2007
  • The present study was performed to elucidate the recovery effect of needle-acupuncture (needle-AP) and moxibustion treatments at Gan Shu (BL18) on $CCl_4$ induced hepatic injury in dogs, Total 9 clinically healthy experimental dogs (1 to 2 years old, 2.3-5.3kg body weight) were divided into control (3 dogs), needle-AP (3 dogs) and moxibustion (3 dogs) groups, respectively. Hepatic iniw was induced by intraperitoneal injection with $CCl_4$ (olive oil : $CCl_4=1:1,\;1ml/kg$, once/day). As far the treatments in each group, control group was not treated at all after induction of the hepatic injury till the end of experiment. Needle-Af group was treated by AP at BL18 (once/day, 20 minutes) from the next day of induction of the hepatic injury for 11 days. Moxibustion group was also treated with commercial moxa at BL18 (once/day, 20minutes) for 11days. The changes of the serum alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities were investigated on pre, 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 11 days after hepatic injury, respectively. Histopathological changes were also investigated in the liver tissues on day 11 in experimental and control groups. The results obtained in the present study were as follows. In needle-AP group, they showed significant lower values on the 1st (p<0.05) and $3^{rd} day (p <0.05)$ in serum ALT activities, and the $11^{th}$ day in serum GGT activities, compared with those of control group, respectively. However, the significances were not detected in serum AST activities of needle-AP group by comparison with those of control group. In moxibustion group, they showed significant low values on the $1^{st}(p<0.05)$, 3rd day (p<0.05) and $5^{th}$ day (p<0.05) in serum ALT activities, compared with those of control group, respectively. However, significances were not detected in serum GGT and AST activities of moxibustion group by comparison with those of control group. Among the experimental groups, the significant low values were found on $1^{st}\;and\;3^{rd}$ day in serum ALT activities (p<0.05), and $3^{rd}\;and\;5^{th}$ day in serum GGT activities (p<0.05) in needle-AP group, compared by those of moxibustion group, respectively. In addition, the marked recovery findings of histopathological changes in experimental groups were found, compared by those of control group: mild vacuolar degeneration and necrosis findings in needle-AP group, and moderate vacuolar degeneration and necrotic findings in moxibustion group were found, in contrast to severe changes such as accumulation of bile juice, vacuolar degeneration and necrotic findings observed in control group. In conclusion, needle-AP and moxibustion treatments at BL-18 were effective for the recovery for $CCl_4$ induced hepatic injury and needle-AP was more effective than that of moxibustion in dogs.