• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.250-261
• /
• 2010

The expression of vaccine antigens in transgenic plants has the potential to provide a convenient, stable, safe approach for oral vaccination alternative to traditional parenteral vaccines. Over the past two decades, many different vaccine antigens expressed via the plant nuclear genome have elicited appropriate immunoglobulin responses and have conferred protection upon oral delivery. Up to date, efforts to produce antigen proteins in plants have focused on potato, tobacco, tomato, banana, and seed (maize, rice, soybean, etc). The choice of promoters affects transgene transcription, resulting in changes not only in concentration, but also in the stage tissue and cell specificity of its expression. Inclusion of mucosal adjuvants during immunization with the vaccine antigen has been an important step towards the success of plant-derived vaccines. In animal and Phase I clinical trials several plant-derived vaccine antigens have been found to be safe and induce sufficiently high immune response. Future areas of research should further characterize the induction of the mucosal immune response and appropriate dosage for delivery system of animal and human vaccines. This article reviews the current status of development in the area of the use of plant for the development of oral vaccines.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.295.2-295.2
• /
• 2003

Lipid nanodispersion (LN) composed of biocompatible lipids and surfactants is an alternative parenteral drug delivery system especially for lipophilic drugs. It has been studied for versatile applications such as oral, parenteral, topical, ocular, vaccine, and peptide drug delivery. The purpose of this study was to produce a novel LN system for intravenous injection using the high pressure homogenization. (omitted)

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.341-347
• /
• 2004

Several gene delivery therapies are being developed for treatment of serum protein deficiency. EPO is one of the most promising therapeutic agent for this treatment which is currently being investigated in depth. This study has the ultimate purpose of improving the gene delivery system for an increase of red blood cell production. A plasmid DNA was constructed smaller than other plasmids for an increase in penetration into animal cells, and two genes were cloned into each vector as a co-delivery system to express erythropoietin, and interluekin-3 or thrombopoietin, which can act on erythroid cell, thus activating hematopoiesis synergically. This co-delivery system has an advantage of decreasing the labour required for industrial production of DNA vaccine. A new plasmid vector, pVAC, in size 2.9 kb, was constructed with the essential parts from PUC 19 and pSectagB, which is much smaller than other plasmid vector and is the size of 2.9 kb. Co-delivery system was constituted by cloning human erythropoietin with each of human interluekin-3 gene or human thrombopoietin gene into both pVAC and pSectagB. As a result, the transfection efficiency of pVAC was higer than that of pSectagB in vitro, and hematocrit level of the mice injected with pVAC is higher than that of other mice. And co-delivery system, made of several plasmid DNAs, was expressed in vitro.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 2021

In the process of vaccine delivery and vaccination, temperature is mostly controlled by an insulated containers containing ice. Moreover, amount of wasted vaccine is significant because the temperature of the vaccine is not properly controlled. A core challenge of vaccination is temperature data monitoring, since it is critical for managing and operating strategical vaccination by health organizations. In this research, a real-time monitoring vaccine carrier system was developed. Temperature, location, and power consumption data of the vaccine carrier were monitored and working performances of the vaccine carrier were tested in both Korea and Tanzania (Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions). For both places, Short Message Service (SMS) communication method was used to send information of the carrier's status. As a result, the monitoring system was able to transmit and receive real-time data of the vaccine carrier status while the vaccine carrier was tested. The vaccine status data can be accessed from any location through the cloud server and web-based user interface.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2006

To demonstrate the effect of formulation conditions and evaluations of structural integrity from ovalbumin containing poly lactide glycolide copolymer (PLGA) microspheres for Vaccine delivery, OVA microspheres were prepared by a W/O/W multiple emulsion solvent extraction technique. Dichloromethan (DCM) and Ethyl acetate (EA) were applied as an organic phase and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) as a secondary emulsion stabilizer. Microspheres were characterized for particle size, morphology (optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)). Protein denaturation was evaluated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing (IEF). Residual organic solvent was estimated by gas chromatography (GC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Optical photomicrograph and SEM revealed that micro spheres were typically spherical but various morphologies were observed. Mean particle size $(d_{vs})$ of microspheres were in the range of $3{\sim}50{\mu}m$. Also, The protein stability was not affected by the fonnulation process and residual organic solvent was beyond the detection below 0.1ppm. These results demonstrated that micro spheres might be a good candidate for the parenteral vaccine delivery system.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
• /
• v.30 no.12
• /
• pp.710-728
• /
• 1994

이 논문은 국내에서의 새로운 vaccine의 연구 및 개발에 참고가 되었으면 하는 뜻에서, D.T.O'Hagan저 'Novel Delivery Systems for Oral vaccines'(CRC Press, 1994) 서적 중의 소개문을 번역한 것입니다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 2012

Vaccination is one of the most effective methods available to prevent infectious diseases. Mucosa, which are exposed to heavy loads of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, are one of the first areas where infections are established, and therefore have frontline status in immunity, making mucosa ideal sites for vaccine application. Moreover, vaccination through the mucosal immune system could induce effective systemic immune responses together with mucosal immunity in contrast to parenteral vaccination, which is a poor inducer of effective immunity at mucosal surfaces. Among mucosal vaccines, oral mucosal vaccines have the advantages of ease and low cost of vaccine administration. The oral mucosal immune system, however, is generally recognized as poorly immunogenic due to the frequent induction of tolerance against orally-introduced antigens. Consequently, a prerequisite for successful mucosal vaccination is that the orally introduced antigen should be transported across the mucosal surface into the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). In particular, M cells are responsible for antigen up-take into MALT, and the rapid and effective transcytotic activity of M cells makes them an attractive target for mucosal vaccine delivery, although simple transport of the antigen into M cells does not guarantee the induction of specific immune responses. Consequently, development of mucosal vaccine adjuvants based on an understanding of the biology of M cells has attracted much research interest. Here, we review the characteristics of the oral mucosal immune system and delineate strategies to design effective oral mucosal vaccines with an emphasis on mucosal vaccine adjuvants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.08a
• /
• pp.92.2-92.2
• /
• 2013

The design and chemical synthesis of multifunctional nanomaterials have been providing potential applications in biomedical fields such as molecular imaging and drug delivery. Recently, bio-derived and/or synthetic nanostructured materials capable of modulating the immune system have been also issues of interest in immunology-related nanomedicine fields. In this talk, the recent research results on the development of nanostructured materials for enhanced immunity would be presented. I will introduce the chemical strategy for the combination of nanostructured materials and bioactive compounds to improve both anti-cancer immunity and vaccine delivery efficiency.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.94-102
• /
• 2020

Renewable energy (RE) is essential to comprise sustainable societies, especially, in rural villages of developing countries. Furthermore, application of off-grid RE systems to health care can improve the quality of life. In this research, a RE-based vaccination supply management system was constructed to enlarge the cold-chain in developing countries for the safe storage and delivery of vaccines. The system was comprised of the construction of RE plants and development of vaccine carriers. RE plants were constructed and connected to health posts in local villages. The cooling mechanism of vaccine carriers was improved and monitoring devices were installed. The effect of the system on vaccine cold-chain was evaluated from the field test and topographical analysis in the southern village of Nepal. RE plants were normally operated for the vaccine refrigerator in the health post. The modified vaccine carriers had a longer operation time and better temperature control via monitoring and RE-based recharging functionality. The topographical analysis estimated that the system can cover larger region. The system prototype showed great potential regarding the possibility of a sustainable and enlarged cold-chain. Thus, RE-based vaccine supply management is expected to facilitate vaccine availability while minimizing waste in the supply chain.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2000.04a
• /
• pp.214.2-215
• /
• 2000