• Educational Technology International
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.201-229
• /
• 2015

Culture is a crucial concept that forms the thinking and behaviors of a group of people, and it influences interactions in learning. Thus, it is also essential to consider cultural sensitivity in online learning technologies and instructional design as education is a set of learning actions based on values and perceptions. MOOCs, the latest online learning platform, are global online learning platforms that provide global learners with free and various learning resources including courses from different world-class institutions. Despite globalization having brought learners closer to sharing similar learning resources, the actual experiences with the resource are expected to vary according to cultures, mainly because learning behavior is a set of outcomes based on cultural differences. Taking this into consideration, this study aims to examine MOOCs from a cultural perspective in order to facilitate global learners, especially Korean learners, to utilize MOOCs with user-friendly services and contents. To achieve this objective, the study first identified and developed an evaluation criteria to examine the cultural sensitivity of MOOCs and conducted case studies on courses from major MOOC providers including edX and Coursera. From the findings, design recommendations of contents and courses on MOOCs were suggested to provide Korean learners with optimal learning experiences.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.615-627
• /
• 2012

The market penetration of the smart phones has brought significant changes to the related industries. As the mobile phone market as well as the smart phone application market are growing rapidly, competition among small-size application developers has become severe. However, due to the severe competition and expensive market entry costs, the developers argue that it is necessary to develope the applications from the perspective of the users. However, studies on application development from the users' perspectives are still in the early stages and they have not provided various approaches. Therefore, based on the Open Coding method of Ground Theory, this study collected data on applications review from related communities and blogs of Korean web portal sites, and identified indices which users consider important when they use the applications. In addition, we conduct a comparative analysis between those indices by calculating their frequency of exposure. As a result, a total of 30 sub-categories of indicators such as amusement, controllability, versatility and ease of use appeared to be predominant to users and those lower categories were grouped into five categories; sensibility, design, technology, price, and social skills. The results of this study suggest to the application developers the guidelines of user oriented design and development. It can be used to develop the evaluation tool for application usability.

• Informatization Policy
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.22-44
• /
• 2015

With the growing interest being reflected in the FinTech industry, much attention has been paid to mobile easy payment services as well. In the era of mobile commerce, the core advantage of using mobile easy payment services(simplifying complex payment procedures and thus facilitating user convenience and reducing the chance of giving up payment) are being more emphasized. Mobile easy payment service market not only includes mobile easy payment service providers but also users, non-users, affiliates, banks, and credit card companies as main stakeholders. Exploring those stakeholders is thus important to thoroughly understand such market. However, extant literature on mobile easy payment services mostly focuses on examining adoption intention of users or non-users. This study, an exploratory research based on interviews, thus aims to extract driving as well as inhibiting factors of mobile easy payment service use from six different perspectives (i.e., social platform, bank, credit card company, affiliate, user, and non-user) and analyze a sequence of cause and effect for each factor. For this, the causal loop diagram was developed to deduce key issues and propose an alternative. Theoretical and practical implications of this study will also be discussed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.236-244
• /
• 2011

As the digital information infrastructure is established for the public library system in the contemporary age, expectations and demands surrounding the public library system are growing rapidly as the place of exchange and enjoyment of information and culture, and as the place of life-long learning. In addition, a new kind of information & culture services are needed to meet the demands of contemporary men and women, who are exploring information as the information environment undergoes rapid changes - from increase in the volume of digital publications, to increase in the usefulness of online information resources, to strides made in the media industry. The public library will continue to play its role and function by providing to all users all available information, whether it's available online or offline, whether it's in a physical format or in a digital format. As such, design and management of a space appropriate as a new information environment are needed. It is deemed that an information infrastructure for Daegu that can improve the quality of life in the region and can increase user accessibility to information in this information age is needed, as well as reorganization of the pertinent environment. Therefore more public libraries have to be built in Daegu as a necessity, and it is urgently needed that the information services be expanded through an organic linkage between local libraries such as between the central library and the branch libraries. This paper aims to provide basic data for building of public libraries in Daegu. To establish an information infrastructure for Daegu, a direction is given for the establishment of a local network of public libraries and ways for improvement are explored. This paper is significant in that, first, it helps in the planning of a local network of public libraries, which plays a crucial role in improving accessibility to information as well as the level of their use; and second, it helps in setting up guidelines for spatial configuration of the user space. As for the method, quantitative review of the information environment is to be done by analyzing the present situation of the public library network in Daegu from the perspectives of region, facility, and space, in order to present a method of user-centered spatial configuration that meets the changes in social roles and forms of information in the contemporary society.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.24
• /
• pp.333-369
• /
• 1993

정보검색 시스템을 대하는 대부분의 이용자의 대답은 '이용하기에 어렵다'라는 것이다. 기계적인 정보검색을 기본 철학으로 하는 기존의 matching paradigm은 정보 곡체를 여기 저기 내용을 옮길 수 있는 물건으로 간주한다. 그리고 기존의 정보시스템은 이용자가 시스템을 구성한 사람의 의도 (즉, indexing, cataloguing rule)를 완전히 이해한다면, 즉 완전하게 질문식(query)을 작성한다면, 효과적인 검색을 할 수 있는 그런 시스템이다. 그러나 어느 이용자가 그 복잡한 시스템을 이해하고 정보검색을 할 수 있겠는가? 한마디로 시스템을 설계한 사람의 의도로 이용자가 적응해서 검색을 한다는 것은 아주 힘든 일이다. 그러나 우리가 이용자에 대한 인식을 다시 한다면 보다 나은 시스템을 만들 수 있다고 본다. 우리 인간은 아주 창조적이어서 자기가 처한 상황에서 이치에 맞게끔 자기 나름대로의 행동을 할 수 있다(sense-making approach). 이 사실을 인식한다면, 왜 이용자들의 행동양식에 시스템 설계자가 적응을 못하는 것인가? 하고 의문을 던질 수 있다. 앞으로의 시스템이 이용자들의 자연스러운 행동 패턴에 맞게 끔 설계된다면 기존의 시스템과 함께 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 편리한 시스템이 설계될 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 도서관 및 정보학 연구에 있어서 기존의 분류. 목록에 대한 연구와 이용자체에 대한연구(예를 들면, 몇 시에 이용자가 많은가? 어떤 종류의 책을 어떤 계충에서 많이 보는가? 도서 및 잡지가 어떻게 양적으로 성장해 왔는가? 등등의 use study)와 함께 여기서 제시한 제3의 요소인 이용자의 인식(cognition)을 시스템설계에 반드시 도입을 해야만 한다고 본다(user-centric approach). 즉 이용자를 중간 중간에서 도울 수 있는 facilitator가 많이 제공되어야 한다. 이용자의 다양한 패턴의 정보요구(information needs)에 부응할 수 있고, 질문식(query)을 잘 만들 수 없는 이용자를 도울 수 있고(ASK hypothesis: Anomolous State of Knowledge), 어떤 질문식 없이도 자유스럽게 Browsing할 수 있는(예를 들면 hypertext) 시스템을 설계하기 위해서는 눈에 보이는 이용자의 행동패턴(external behavior)도 중요하지만 우리 눈에는 보이지 않는 이용자의 심리상태를 이해한다면 훨씬 나은 시스템을 만들 수 있다. 이용자가 '왜?' '어떤 상황에서,' '어떤 목적으로,' '어떻게,' 정보를 검색하는지에 대해서 새로운 관심을 들려서 이용자들이 얼마나 우리 시스템 설계자들의 의도에 미치지 못한다는 사실을 인식 해야한다. 이 분야의 연구를 위해서는 새로운 paradigm이 필수적으로 필요하다고 본다. 단지 'user-study'만으로는 부족하며 새로운 시각으로 이용자를 연구해야 한다. 가령 새롭게 설치된 computer-assisted system에서 이용자들이 어떻게, 그리핀 어떤 분야에서 왜 그렇게 오류 (error)를 범하는지 분석한다면 앞으로의 computer 시스템 선계에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 믿는다. 실제로 많은 방법이 개발되고 있다. 그러면 시스템 설계자가 가졌던 이용자들이 이러 이러한 방식으로 정보검색을 할 것이라는 예측과(즉, conceptual model) 실제 이용자들이 정보검색을 할 때 일어나는 행동패턴 사이에는(즉, mental model) 상당한 차이점이 있다는 것을 알게 될 것이다. 이 차이점을 줄이는 것이 시스템 설계자의 의무라고 생각한다. 결론적으로, Computer에 대한 새로운 지식과 함께 이용자들의 인식을 연구할 수 있는, 철학적이고 방법론적인 연구를 계속하나가면서, 이용자들의 행동패턴을 어떻게 시스템 설계에 적용할 수 있는 지를 연구해야 한다. 중요하게 인식해야할 사실은 구 Paradigm을 완전히 무시하라는 것은 아니고 단지 이용자에 대한 새로운 인식을 추가하자는 것이다. 그것이 진정한 User Study가 될 수 있는 길이라고 생각하며, 컴퓨터와 이용자 사이의 '원활한 의사교환'이 필수불가결 한 지금 우리 학문이 가야 할 한 연구분야이다. (Human Interaction with Computers)

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.191-227
• /
• 2015

The supply-driven innovation system is encountering its limitation. At the same time, the needs for solving societal challenges occurring in people's lives are growing. Social problem-solving R&D programs have been attracting attention as a countermeasure to satisfy these needs. It is important to understand the social context of the occurring problems as well as the users facing the social challenges. Therefore, social problem-solving R&D programs have to explore the social challenge and users' needs, with emphasis on the collaboration with researchers and users in the development and implementation process. This study carries out comparative analysis between 'Korean Citizen-driven R&D project' and 'Japanese Research institute of Science and Technology for Society (RISTEX)' concerning goals, construction of program, and promotion processes. The two cases are similar regarding the objectives of social problem-solving and the strategy for user participation. However, there are differences between the characteristics of the projects and promotion processes. The RISTEX is performing social problem-solving R&D with a much wider perspectives than the Korean project. This is because the Korean project maintained the existing R&D system with the lens of the supply-driven system, even when approaching social problem-solving. Therefore, this limitation should be overcome by adopting support systems discarding the supply-driven perspective, through substantiality of user participation, maintenance of legal system, and commercialization of technologies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.159-185
• /
• 2021

After the pandemic, universities are shifting to distance learning, and the information use environment of libraries is rapidly changing. Therefore, there is a need for academic libraries to provide learning and research support services to users in response to these changes. This study analyzed the following contents, focusing on the contents of online services of academic libraries in order to understand the services provided by academic libraries after the pandemic, 1) the current status of online information services provided by 60 academic libraries at domestic and foreign and 2) the experience and requirements for using the online information services of academic library were investigated. As a result of the study, academic libraries at domestic and foreign responded to the untact environment by providing various online information services and users showed high experience and requirements for the electronic resource service and online user education service of academic libraries after the outbreak of the pandemic. Based on the analysis of the current status of online information services provided by domestic and foreign academic libraries after the outbreak of the pandemic, as well as the experiences and requirements of university students, several strategies were proposed to improve the quality of university education and library online information services and to plan services that respond to user needs.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.211-227
• /
• 2023

Personal service robots, a type of social robot that has emerged with the aging population and technological advancements, are undergoing a transformation centered around technologies that can extend independent living for older adults in their homes. For older adults to accept and use social robot innovations in their daily lives on a long-term basis, it is crucial to have a deeper understanding of user perspectives, contexts, and emotions. This research aims to comprehensively understand older adults by utilizing a mixed-method approach that integrates quantitative and qualitative data. Specifically, we employ the Van Kaam phenomenological methodology to group conversations into nine categories based on emotional cues and conversation participants as key variables, using voice conversation records between older adults and social robots. We then personalize the conversations based on frequency and weight, allowing for user segmentation. Additionally, we conduct profiling analysis using demographic data and health indicators obtained from pre-survey questionnaires. Furthermore, based on the analysis of conversations, we perform K-means cluster analysis to classify older adults into three groups and examine their respective characteristics. The proposed model in this study is expected to contribute to the growth of businesses related to understanding users and deriving insights by providing a methodology for segmenting older adult s, which is essential for the future provision of social robots with caregiving functions in everyday life.

• Design Convergence Study
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.51-68
• /
• 2017

User-centered design and Experience Design are emerging in the design area. Therefore, the Role-Playing Method has been actively utilized in the process of design development. But the terms of Role-Playing Method which follow these trends. has not been integrated. Further, it is hard to utilize the process of design development because the process method is not settled yet. Therefore, this study is into two parts of the research: Defining the concept of Role-Playing and the experiment of Role-Playing. Firstly, defining concept part is to research the design method corresponds to a wide range of Role-Playing that has a similar definition. After then, analyzed the examples of Role-Playing Methods which was derived matrix from Role-Playing classification. With this process, two axes of the matrix have been produced such as role·scenario and puppet. Through the analysis of the utility and vulnerability of the Role-Playing classification matrix, this study was able to propose the using step of the Role-Playing in the double diamond model. Secondly, two experiments were conducted in the experiment part. Through the pilot experiment explored the possibility of a study of the Role-Playing Method. In the second experiment, the process was conducted with Role-Playing classification matrix. As a result, each Role-Playing has different insights. In terms of design, different aspects of composing elements were found. Plus, in the position of the user, Role-Playing are can observe different parts of user's cognition between acting and puppet. Thus, the role-playing was proven to be useful to find out the point of improvement and insight in service from different perspectives and it resulted in the role playing which can be utilized selectively according to the type of service.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 2016

Purpose - Recently, the importance of rapid change in business models is more and more increasing as the change of information technology environment. Therefore, a variety of business models have emerged. On the other hand, there is no company that can generate revenue. Many enterprises are still maintained while they are changing only their appearance of the business model. Business model is important in e-commerce. However, a lot of researches are targeted only in Web sites. Thus, e-commerce companies do not have the infrastructure for measuring and business models. The purpose of paper is to evaluate factors which are related with the structuring of the e-commerce success. And it proposed a financial items and non-financial items. From the perspectives of administrators and managers, the paper researches the possibility for E-Commerce Evaluation Model as a valuable criteria in measuring business model. Research design, data and methodology - The methods are taken by the classification for the type of business-to-business transactions, transactions subject, and the degree of integration and innovation capabilities. Financial and Non-financial value is used to build E-Commerce Evaluation Model. Evaluation items in Administration's perspective are composed with enhance the effectiveness of the mission, improving efficiency of the administration, and control of costs. Evaluation items in the customer's perspective were measured by customer participation and cooperation with customer Satisfaction. In the case of researching the information system's perspective, three criteria are used such as adequacy of the development process, improvement of the quality of service, and maintenance of standardized information technology. In researching for the ICT competence's perspective, evaluation items were composed of enhanced user capabilities, utilizing new technologies, and empowerment of information workers. Results - In this paper, E-Commerce Evaluation Model with financial and non-financial perspectives shows the possibility to be criteria in the case of measuring business model. Moreover, it gives the positive expectation to be successful criteria. But the research may have ambiguity in its essential concept because it cannot avoid the limitation in selecting evaluation tools from merely the model. It is impossible to exclude the possibility in omitting specific properties which may take place in actual case study. Therefore, In hereafter research, it is necessary to include actual case study research in selecting evaluation tools in order to improve the limit point. Actual measurement items which are derived from actual case study should be subdivided, and it would be more effective to complete the research. Conclusions - In rapid change in business models, there are various kinds of business models. But it is general situation that companies which adopted business models have not brought in revenue. For this reason, E-Commerce Evaluation Model is needed as an important factor for the structuring of the e-commerce success. Although it has the limitation in selecting evaluation tools from model, E-Commerce Evaluation Model proposes the implication for measuring business models as a valuable criteria.