• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.65-68
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• 2016

Acute bone shortening and delayed lengthening by Ilizarov surgery have been used to treat a wide range of soft tissue injuries including open fracture, osteomyelitis of the tibia and lower leg amputation. It has advantages such as bone lengthening as well as minimizing the loss of damaged tissues via tissue expansion. Here, we report a case of 52-year-old male with satisfactory results through acute bone shortening, replantation, and gradual bone lengthening after complete amputation of the ankle with related literature reviews.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

The Pertamina Energy Tower (PET) and Manhattan West North Tower (MWNT) are two supertall towers recently designed and engineered by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). The structural system for both buildings consists of an interior reinforced concrete core and a perimeter moment frame system, which is primarily structural steel. As is typical for tall towers with both concrete and steel elements, staged construction analysis was performed in order to account for the long term effects of creep and shrinkage, which result in differential shortening between the interior concrete core and steel perimeter frame. The particular design of each tower represents two extremes of behavior; PET has a robust connection between the perimeter and core in the form of three sets of outriggers, while the perimeter columns of MWNT do not reach the ground, but are transferred to the core above the base. This paper will present a comparison of the techniques used during the analysis and construction stages of the design process with the goal of understanding the differences in structural behavior of these two building systems in response to the long term effects of creep and shrinkage. This paper will also discuss the design and construction techniques implemented in order to minimize the differential shortening between the interior and exterior over the lifespan of these towers.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2007

Breads and cookies made with conventional or low-trans fat(margarine and shortening) were analyzed by determining their trans fat content, textural properties and color values after production. The trans fatty acids content in conventional margarine was three times higher than that of low-trans margarine. Moreover, the content of trans fatty acids in the conventional shortening was 49 times higher than that of low-trans shortening. The trans fatty acid contents of cookies and breads made with low-trans fat, can be reduced more than 2 to 75 times compared to cookies and breads made with conventional fat. In the produced cookies and breads, the color values and textural properties(hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness) did not differ significantly when the conventional fat or low-trans fat was used.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 1983

The rates of deterioration of contractile forces of isolated hearts from ginseng component treated rats were determined. Rat papillary muscles were also used to study the influence of ginseng on the mechanical performance of heart. Rats weighing 200-300g were administered orally with ginseng ethanol extract (100mg/kg/day), ginseng total saponin (50mg/kg/day) and ginsenoside Rbl (5mg/kg/ day) for a week respectively. The isolated hearts from rats were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution by Langendorff perfusion apparatus. The force-velocity relation was clearly seen with the load-generator equipped isotonic shortening recording apparatus. The control group was only able to maintain 60% of their initial contractile forces after 120 minutes of perfusion, whereas ginseng ethanol extract treated group was able to sustain nearly their initial strength even after 120 minutes of perfusion. The similar effects were seen in the hearts treated with total ginseng saponin and ginsenoside Rb$_{1}$. Ginseng ethanol extract did alter mechanical performance of rat ventricular myocardium. It increased both maximum velocity(Vmax) of isotonic shortening and isometric force (P$_{0}$) and showed increased velocity of shortening significantly (P<0,05) at any one afterload.d.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of axial shortening metatarsal osteotomy on the treatment of advanced rheumatoid arthritis patients with severe hallux valgus and claw toe deformity of lesser toes which is used for preserving the metatarsophalangeal joint. Materials and Methods: From January 2005 to June 2009, 18 cases of axial shortening metatarsal osteotomy in advanced rheumatoid arthritis were reviewed ; all of them followed up for more than 2 years after surgical procedures and the mean follow up period was 3.4 years. We performed axial shortening Scarf osteotomy and Akin osteotomy for hallux valgus and Weil osteotomy with soft tissue release for claw toe of lesser toes, respectively. We measured preoperative and postoperative hallux valgus angle, each metatarsal shortening length and the range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joints through radiographic and clinical examination and compared them each other. Clinical results were evaluated by American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and subjective satisfaction of the patients. Results: The hallux valgus angle was reduced from the preoperative mean value of 44.8 degree to 9.0 degree postoperatively and the range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe and lesser toes was increased from the mean of 21.7 degree and 11.0 degree preoperatively to 38.0 degree and 32.5 degree, respectively at postoperation. Also, the mean AOFAS score was improved from 26.5 points to 67.4 points. Conclusion: Axial shortening osteotomy is a useful method to correct the deformity and preserve the metatarsophalangeal joint for severe hallux valgus and claw toe deformity in advanced rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2003

This study was carried on the oxidative stability and the real practice possibilities in cooking of fat replacer MCT. Nowadays, it was known that fats and oils had become causes for cardiac disease, obesity and cancer, so the new materials were needed for fat substitute that has less fat contents and low calories. The food industry concerned about fats and oils had been researched and developed new and various kinds of substitute fats. MCT(medium chain triglycerides) is one of the fat based fat substitutes used as fat replacers. The POV of com germ oil(CO), soybean oil(SO), shortening(ST), butter(BT), their blended oil with MCT 10-50%(w/w), and MCT were determined and oxidative stability by POV was compared MCT with those of them. MCT has shown higher oxidative stability than CO, SO, ST, BT, so oxidative stabilities in all kinds of blended oils become higher and higher by the increased substitution ratios. In case of bread, the volume of bread prepared with MCT(MCT bread) substituted for ST at 10-40% level(w/w) were increased a little comparing to that made of shortening(ST bread). But degree of gelatinization of MCT bread were a little lower than ST bread, at the substitute ratio above 40%, the degree of gelatinization were reduced greatly. These phenomena were sustained in 9 stored days. While baking losses of MCT breads were almost same as ST bread until 30% substitute ratio, and the appearances of MCT breads were similar to ST bread until 40% substitute ratio. Also rheological properties and color(Lab) of MCT breads had shown no different significantly from ST bread until 20% substitute ratio, but by the results of sensory evaluation, overall acceptance including appearance, color, flavor, taste, texture of MCT breads were recognized almost same as ST bread by panel until 40% substitute ratio. Depends on the above results, we can suggest that 30-40% of MCT will substitute for shortening in making bread in order to reduce fat and calories intake amounts.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2022

Background: Individuals with calf muscle shortening may have decreased dynamic balance. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of mobilization with movement (MWM) and myofascial release (MFR) on kinematic changes in dynamic balance in individuals with calf muscle shortening. Methods: Thirteen participants were randomly assigned to the MWM or the mobilization with movement added myofascial release (MWM-MFR) group. The MWM group received treatment with only MWM, whereas the MWM-MFR group was treated with MWM and MFR. Pre- and post-intervention passive range of motion (PROM), maximum reaching lengths, and modified star excursion balance test (MSEBT) results were compared for all participants. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed significant within-group differences in ankle PROM, but no significant between-group differences. The maximum reaching length in the MWM-MFR group in the posterolateral direction was significantly different before and after the intervention (p = 0.005). This group also showed significantly reduced ankle abduction in MSEBT during the posteromedial direction section 3 (p = 0.007) and posterolateral direction section 5 (p = 0.049) compared with the MWM group. Conclusion: Combined MWM and MFR intervention improves ankle stability in the coronal plane during the posteromedial and posterolateral forward movement in dynamic balance compared with only MWM in individuals with calf shortening.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.3A
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• pp.240-248
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• 2006

In this paper, we consider an OFDM receiver algorithm design for IEEE 802.11a/p system, which targeting large coverage area while keeping the transmission format unchanged. Particularly, taking into account the inter-symbol interference(ISI) and inter-carrier interference(ICI) that can be induced with large RMS delay spread, we employ channel shortening time-domain equalizer(TEQ) and evaluate the receiver performance in terms of SINR and packet error rate(PER). The preamble defined in IEEE802.11a/p is used to estimated the initial equalizer tap coefficients. Primary purpose of the paper is to give an answer to the question, though partially, whether or not 16-QAM constellation can be used in none line of sight environment at the boundary of a large coverage area. To this end, we first analyze the required TEQ parameters for the target channel environment and then perform simulation for PER performance evaluation in a generic frequency selective fading channel with exponential power-delay profile.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.183-199
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• 2001

Alternative way of shaping fibers suitable for papermaking was introduced. Impact refining, which was done simply by hitting wet fibers with a metal weight vertically, was intended to keep the fibers from shortening and to cause mostly internal fibrillation. Virgin chemical pulp, its recycled one and OCC were used in the experiment. It was noticed from the experiment that impact refining on virgin chemical pulp kept the fiber length and Increased bonding properties greatly, However, in the recycled fibers from the chemical pulp, fiber length and bonding properties were decreased. In OCC, which seems to contain fractions of semi-chemical pulp and mechanical pulp (GP), and which is recycled pulp from corrugated boxes, fiber length and bonding properties were decreased disastrously. We believe recycled cellulosic fibers (recycled chemical pulp and OCC in this case), which went through hornification, were less resistant to the mechanical impact than virgin chemical pulp. For virgin chemical pulp, impact refining allowed no significant fiber length shortening, high WRV, and high mechanical strength.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.333-341
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• 1998

The general method of structural analysis for building structures has been based upon the assumption that all dead loads are imposed on a building simultaneously throughout the entire structure. In reality, buildings are built floor by floor or a few floors at a time. The construction dead load is applied gradually onto the structure as the structure is being erected. The prevailing commercial software for structural analysis used to date have resulted in the representation of inaccurate structural behaviors. The actual construction sequence and the loading of the structure ere not properly represented in the analysis. This paper identifies the source of the errors and develops the algorithm to account for the differential column shortening due to construction dead load based upon a given construction sequence