• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.751-760
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• 2009

Yoon Gil-Young(1911-1987) was a frontier of the field of Traditional Korean Medical Physiology(TKMP) who was academically active since mid 1950s until early 1970s. He wrote several important papers and books. Among his writings, "A Study on the Methodology of Traditional Korean Medical Physiology", which was published serially in the "Korean Oriental Medical Journal" from June 1966 until March 1967, played an important role in establishing the contemporary TKMP and showed his academic stance on Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM). This review will evaluate this paper's contribution to the establishment of TKMP in historical context, summarize the unique characteristics of his understanding of TKMP by analyzing the text, and then based on those information, examine his view on TKMP and TKM. Historically, this paper was written in transition period from the traditional TKM knowledge system to the modernized one. Aim of this paper was to provide a methodology for establishing TKMP as a scientific knowledge system like that of the western medicine. Based on his study of Yin-Yang theory and theory of five circuits and six qi in Huangdi's Internal Classics, he suggested those theories as methods to observing life phenomena and systematizing the observations. And he regarded these methods as of great value in determining the unique characteristics of TKM compared to those of western medicine. Through re-reading this paper, it was found that he had pride and confidence in the methodology of TKM, and also that he thought in scientizing and modernizing TKM it was very important to understand and efficiently put in use the methodology of TKM. It was also found that his view on TKMP and TKM was pro modernization.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2022

Since Traditional Korean medicine (TKM) doctors use various knowledge systems during treatment, diagnosis results may differ for each TKM doctor. However, it is difficult to explain all the reasons for the diagnosis because TKM doctors use both explicit and implicit knowledge. In this study, an upgraded random forest (RF)-based evaluation tool was proposed to extract clinical knowledge of TKM doctors. Also, it was confirmed to what extent the professor's clinical knowledge was delivered to the trainees by using the evaluation tool. The data used to construct the evaluation tool were targeted at 106 people who visited the Sasang Constitutional Department at Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong. For explicit knowledge extraction, four TKM doctors were asked to express the importance of symptoms as scores. In addition, for implicit knowledge extraction, importance score was confirmed in the RF model that learned the patient's symptoms and the TKM doctor's constitutional determination results. In order to confirm the delivery of clinical knowledge, the similarity of symptoms that professors and trainees consider important when discriminating constitution was calculated using the Jaccard coefficient. As a result of the study, our proposed tool was able to successfully evaluate the clinical knowledge of TKM doctors. Also, it was confirmed that the professor's clinical knowledge was delivered to the trainee. Our tool can be used in various fields such as providing feedback on treatment, education of training TKM doctors, and development of AI in TKM.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.147-158
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• 2011

There has been a need for an operational curriculum for teaching Chinese characters used by traditional Korean medicine (TKM), but the it was not thoroughly reviewed so far. We analysed the frequency of unicode Chinese characters with five textbooks of traditional Korean medicine used as a national standard. We found that 氣, 經, 陽, 陰, 不, 熱, 血, 脈, 病, 證, 寒, 中, 心, 痛, 虛, 大, 生, 治, 本, 之 are the 20 most frequently used Chinese characters, and also showed 100 frequently used characters for each textbook. We used a cumulative frequency analysis method to suggest a list of 1,000 prerequisite Chinese characters for the TKM education (TKM 1000). which represents the current usage of Chinese characters in TKM and covers 99% of all textbook use if combined with MEST 1800. This study showed prerequisite and essential Chinese characters for the implementation of evidence-based teaching in TKM. The TKM 1000, a prerequisite characters by this study based on the TKM textbooks can be used for the development of Korean Medicine Education Eligibility Test (KEET), entrance exam to the Colleges of Oriental Medicine or textbooks, and educational curriculum for premed students.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception that gynecological surgery patients have on Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) treatment. Methods: We studied the perception of TKM treatment by questionnaire from August, 2008 to Febrary, 2009 in Kyung-Hee University East-West Neo medical center. A questionnaire was given to 180 women and 150 women answered. Results: Out of 150 women, 93 women(62%) had been given TKM treatment during the last 3 years, while 57 women(32%) hadn't. 53 women(35.5%) had taken herbal medicine within the last 2 weeks, while 97 women(64.7%) hadn't. 71 women(47.3%) reported that they had been given TKM treatment related to the causative disease for the operation, while 22 women(14.7%) hadn't. And 97 women(64.7%) indicated that they were willing to use TKM as a part of their postoperative medical care, 53 women(35.3%) indicated that they weren't. Conclusion: Many patients are willing to take TKM treatment as postoperative care. We need more accumulation of data for demonstrating the efficacy and safety of TKM treatment.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2009

Diabetic cataract is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Excess accumulation of sorbitol plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications such as cataract formation. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the extract of the aerial parts of Aster koraiensis (AK) on diabetic cataractogenesis. To examine this further, we evaluated sorbitol accumulation during cataract development using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat, an animal model of type 1 diabetes. Diabetic rats were treated orally with AK (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight) once a day orally for 9 weeks. In vehicle-treated diabetic rats, lens opacity was increased, and lens fiber swelling and membrane rupture were observed. In addition, sorbitol accumulation in diabetic lens was markedly enhanced. However, AK treatment delayed the progression of diabetic cataract through the inhibition of sorbitol accumulation, and prevented lens fiber degeneration in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that AK treatment can delay the progression of lens opacification in the diabetic rats during the early diabetic cataractogenesis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.103-111
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• 2010

Objectives: Because of the characteristics of traditional Korean medicine, there are few overseas patents and SCI papers. Researchers are struggling to analyze the research trend using existing patent analysis system and paper analysis system. We aim to build up a web-based paper map analysis system for Traditional Korean Medicine to improve the situation. Methods: We studied the following three sub topics. First, we surveyed the research trend analysis method for traditional Korean medicine. Second, we designed a paper map analysis model and made the algorithm for it. Finally, the development of the paper map analysis system was conducted. Results: We developed a web-based paper map analysis system which has the three main functions being analysis chart, topology map and contour map. For the rich internet application, we used the flex development tool and java integrated development environment. Conclusion: We will provide our paper map analysis system in the OASIS through the minor changes to provide easy use. We hope that this system will be a useful tool to analyze the research trends for traditional Korean medicine.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2012

Objectives: Hypertension is the highest ratio among chronic disease in Korea, and the western medical information about hypertension is provided by many web sites. Advanced researches about hypertension have been conducted in Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) for decades, but the research results are not arranged. So the results have not been utilized in following research nor contributed to the expansion of public knowledge. Methods : We did this study to improve this situation. In this study, we built database about advanced research articles related hypertension in TKM and implemented TKM information system of hypertension. Results : First, we benchmarked hypertension information systems and designed the TKM information system based on the benchmarking results and comments from TKM doctors. And it was composed of introduce, treatment, and etc. Second, we built prescription, herb, acumoxa, qigong, prevention/management, and pill database which is about 600 data extracted from papers and books. Third, we implemented JAVA/JSP based web information system which provides the database. And we created links for the each papers and books to use more easily. Conclusions : If we provide the research results about TKM hypertension diagnosis and combinational medication of western and oriental medicine, this information system will be more useful. And if we add internal and external project report about hypertension, it will be more worthy.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.161-169
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• 2010

Objectives & Methods : To compare the medicinal herbs between Ayurvedic medicine and traditional Korean medicine(TKM), we took reference of major publications related to Ayurvedic medicinal herbs such as Indian Herbal Remedies, Prime Ayurvedic Plant Drugs, with those of TKM. We selected most widely used 130 herbal species of Ayurvedic medicine and compared the similarities and differences with TKM. Comparative factors were the origin, habitation, synonyms, usage, medicinal parts, and precautions. Results : 1. The medicinal herbs Resinatum Lignum(沈香), Arecae Pericarpium(大腹皮), Arecae Semen(檳榔), Carthami Flos (紅花), Camphorum(樟腦), Crotonis Semen(巴豆), Curculiginis Rhizoma(仙茅) used in TKM did exactly correlate in their origins with those of Ayurvedic medicine. 2. Varieties of allied species were found in their origins. Benincasae Pericarpium(冬瓜皮), and Benincasae Semen(冬瓜子) derive from the same plant Benincasa hispida Cogn. for both Ayurvedic medicine and TKM. Interestingly, B. cerifera Savi. is also claimed for same uses in Ayurvedic medicine. This broadened use of allied species is found in various Ayurvedic herbal medicine such as Cannabis Semen(火麻仁) using Cannabis indica Lam., and Curcuma Longae Rhizoma(薑黃) using Curcuma domestica Valeton. This suggests the possibility of their usage also in TKM. 3. Myrrha(沒藥), and Curculiginis Rhizoma concorded their usage with TKM. While Arecae Pericarpium(大腹皮), Arecae Semen(檳榔), Aquilariae Resinatum Lignum(沈香), Pericarpium(冬瓜皮), Benincasae Semen(冬瓜子), Cannabis Semen(火麻仁), Carthami Flos(紅花), Camphorum(樟腦), Crotonis Semen(巴豆), Curcumae Radix(鬱金), Curcuma Longae Rhizoma(薑黃) and Zedoariae Rhizoma(莪朮) revealed varied efficacies according to their part used or usage forms. Conclusion : Both Ayurvedic medicine and TKM reflect the traditional medicine of its regions where is founded. Mutual understanding improves the capability of coping of diverse ailments of present days and also replacing some plants in the days of increasing threat to our environment. Abundant external applications of various plants found in Ayurvedic medicine were particularly useful for TKM to complement its strength in herbal intake.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.123-138
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the real condition of urinary incontinence(UI), interstitial cystitis(IC), atrophic viginitis(AV) for elderly women and analyze the cognition of traditional korean medicine(TKM) for them. Methods: We utilized questionnaire from May to June, 2010. Questionnaires were taken from 125 women using senior welfare center and nursing home, aged over 65 up to 92. The data were analyzed by $X^2$-test using SPSS/PC ver 18.0 program. Results: The prevalences of UI, IC and AV symptoms were 50.4%, 40.8%, 56%, respectively. The average I-QoL score for UI was $82.62{\pm}21.16$, and the average ICSI score for IC was $8.16{\pm}2.50$. After adjustment for each of the variables considered in this study, alcohol was associated with UI and age, BMI(body mass index) were associated with IC. Most of respondents have no experience(94.4%) or don't know (79.2%) about TKM for UI, IC and AV. 44 women(37.3%) indicated that they weren't willing to use TKM for UI, IC and AV. Reasons for not taking TKM were because of 'no knowledge of TKM(34.1%)' and 'more accustomed to western treatment(34.1%)'. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of UI, IC, AV for elderly women was high, the actual percentage of treatment for these diseases was low, furthermore, patients were not aware of TKM and had very few experiences of TKM for these diseases. The development and increased promotion about TKM program for elderly women's urogenital diseases is needed.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.394-399
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• 2009

Aldose reductase (AR) is a critical enzyme in the development of the diabetic complications. AR, the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, catalyzes the reduction of the aldehyde form of glucose to sorbitol with concomitant conversion of NADPH to $NADP^+$. None of aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) has achieved worldwide use because of limited efficacy or undesirable side effects. Therefore, evaluating natural sources for ARI potential may lead to the development of safer and more effective agents against diabetic complications. Forty eight Chinese herbal medicines have been investigated for inhibitory activities on AR. Among them, seven herbal medicines, Buddleja officinalis (whole plant), Lonicera japonica (leaf and flower), Polygonum aviculare (aerial part), Polygonum aviculare (whole plant), Salvia miltiorrhiza (root), Schisandra chinensis (stem), and Zanthoxylum armatum (leaf and stem) exhibited a significant inhibitory activity against AR. Particularly, L. japonica and P. aviculare showed two times more potent inhibitory activity than the positive control, 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid (TMG).