• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1993년도 제45차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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• pp.31-32
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• 1993

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.317-332
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of Poria extract on rat's nephrotoxicity induced by CsA. The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups and treated as follows; Nothing was given to Sample A, Sample B was given normal saline after IV injection of CsA and Sample C was given Poria extract after CsA injection. After precription of medicine, serum BUN, creatinine, total protein, sodium, potassium, chloride ions were measured. 1. Changes in serum level. ALT, BUN, chloride ion were significantly reduced in experimental group as compaired to control group, and total protein showed significant elevation in experimental group. AST was reduced, but not significant and creatine level was below the normal range. K level showed mild elevation initially and later showed mild decrease, but no significance is noted. There were no significant differance in the sodium level. 2. Changes in Urine level. Urinary specific gravity showed significant increase in experimental group compaired to control group. Urinary creatinine level initially increased, and later decreased but showed no significance. To conclude, it can be inferred that Poria may improve nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rat induced by Cyclosporin A.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.193-197
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• 1967

In order to study the daily metabolism of sodium chloride and of nitrogen, 24 hour urine samples were collected from 298 normal Korean males whose ages varied Iron 26 to 80 years old. The volume and the concentration of chloride and the total nitrogen were determine, along with the resting pulse and the blood pressure. The daily urine volume was maintained at approximately $1,000\;ml/m^2$ in all age groups while the chloride concentration was at approximately 230 mEq/l. Hence the daily urinary output of sodium chloride was estimated to be approximately 21 gm. On the other hand, the daily urinary output of total nitrogen amounted to approximately 10 gm. Theses findings are similar to those obtained earlier by Yi et al. (1966) in Korean subjects younger than 25 fears old, indicating that average Koreans live on low protein and high salt diets throughout their life. Despite a known correlation between the incidence of hypertension and the high salt intake, none of the these subjects employed in the present investigation showed any sign of hypertension.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2000

목 적 : 소변내 Ca 배설량을 측정하는데 있어 24시간 뇨 Ca 배설량 측정이 흔히 사용되어 왔으나, 이의 결과를 알기까지 많은 시간과 비용이 소모되는 단점이 있어 빠른 시간내에 결과를 알 수 있는 간편한 검사를 알아보기 위해 저자들은 소변내 Ca 배설량이 소변내 sodium(Na), potassium(K), creatinine(Cr)과 밀접한 관련이 있음에 착안하여 일회뇨(Spot urine) Na/K 비를 이용하여 요칼슘배설량을 예측할 수 있는지 알아보기 위하여 이 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1998년 5월부터 7월까지 고려대학교 의료원 구로병원 소아과에 비뇨기계 증상으로 입원한 환아 84명을 대상으로 spot urine에서 Na, K, Ca, Cr를 측정하여 Ca/cr비와 Na/K 비를 서로 비교하였다. 또한 고칼슘뇨증 (Ca/cr비 >0.21)으로 예측할 수 있는 Na/K 비의 cut off value를 계산하여 그 민감도, 특이도, 양성예측도, 음성예측도를 구하였다. 결 과 : 1) spot urine Ca/cr비와 Na/K비와는 통계적으로 의의있는 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.496,P<0.001, Ca/cr=Na/K x 0.01671-0.061). 2) 고칼슘뇨증으로 예측할 수 있는 spot urine Na/K비의 cut off value를 2.68로 정했을 경우 민감도 $100\%$, 특이도 $54.5\%$, 양성예측도 $37.5\%$, 음성예측도 $100\%$를 보였다. 결 론 : 소변내 Ca 배설량을 예측하는데 spot urine Na/K 비를 이용할 수 있으리라 생각되며,이는 고칼슘뇨증의 선별에도 유용하리라 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.728-742
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• 1993

The effects of dietary calcium levels on the blood pressure and calcium metabolism were investigated. Nine normotensive female college students having hypertention family history were participated in 4-week dietary expeiments. They were provided with either high Ca diet (HCa, average 797mg/day) or low Ca diet(LCa, average 225mg/day) during two weeks, each, consecutively. Sodium amounts of the body diets were 3566~4022mg/day, which were ordinary sodium intake levels in Korea. After the HCa, systolic blood pressures(SBR) in both seated and isogrip-seated postitions were decreased by about 2.5mgHg, comparing with those after the LCa(p<.05). Diastoilc blood pressures(DBP) were not changed by dietary calcium levels. Serum total Ca, ionized Ca, Mg and P levels and Ca/Mg ratio were not different between the HCa and the LCa. Serum parathyroid hormone(PTH) levels were similar between two diets, but individually in seven of nine subjects, the slightly lower values of PTH were observed after the HCa than after the LCa. Urinary excretion of Ca(p<.01), Mg(p<.05) and P(p<.1) were increased after the HCa comparing with the LCa, but Ca/Mg ratio were not different between the two diets. SBP was in positive correlations with boty urinary excretion of Ca(supine, r=.7356, p<.05) and urinary Ca/Mg ratio(isogrip-seated, r=.7483, p<.05). SBP was also negatively correlated with serum P level(supine, r=-.6930, p<.05) and DBP was in negative correlation with urinary P excretion(seated, r=-.8586, p<.01). Serum total and ionized Ca, Mg, Ca/Mg ratio were not significantly correlated with blood pressures.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 1996

The protective effect of human urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) on acute pancreatitis was studied in beagle model. After pancreatitis was experimentally induced in beagle dogs by infusing trypsin and sodium taurocholate into the accessory pancreatic ducts under laprotomy, effects of UTI were compared to those of aprotinin. Routine physical examination, hematology and blood chemistry values were used as parameters and checked on a periodical basis during the experiment. At the end of experiment, surviving animals were sacrificed and liver, kidney, and pancreas were histologically examined. The results of this study warrant the development of UTI as new therapeutics for acute pancreatitis.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.174-178
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• 2002

Phellinus linteus (Hymenocaetaceae) is a member of Basidiomycotinae, which has been used for the treatment of gastric cancer, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, diarrhea, and menstrual irregularity. To investigate the diuretic action of Phellinus linteus, urinary volume, serum parameters and urinary electrolytes in HgCl$_2$-induced acute renal failure rats in vivo were measured. The results showed that its MeOH extract produced significant increases on urinary volume, sodium and potassium excretion, and revealed lowering effects of the abnormally elevated BUN, creatinine and uric acid value in acute renal failure rats.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 1999

Sodium restricted diets are known to lower blood pressure in salt sensitive, hypertensive patients. Thare is increasing evidence that potassium plays an important role as a protective factor in the regulation of blood pressure. The objective of the current study was to measure parameters of sodium, potassium, and chloride utilization as affected by feeding of substantial quantities of bread made from whole ground white torn meal, whole ground yellow corn meal, and whole ground wheat flour. The breads provided 40 percent of a caloric content of the constant, measured laboratory diet. The 28-day study was divided into an introductory period of 7-days and three experimental periods of 7-days each. Order of assignment to specific treatments for 12 healthy subjects were according to a complete randomized block design. Yellow corn bread diets resulted in the highest potassium retention (243 mg/day) and the lowest urinary sodium and potassium ratio (1.53 $\pm$ 0.26) numerically in comparison to the other test breads. The excretions of sodium and chloride were higher during controlled feeding periods than during the self-selected diet period(p < 0.05). This indicates a response to the higher intake of these electrolytes from the experimental diets than from self-selected diets. There was no significant difference in the effect of white corn bread, yellow corn bread, or whole wheat bread diet on electrolyte status in humans. However, the yellow corn bread diet resulted in a somewhat more favorable urina교 sodium to potassium ratio than that from white corn bread or whole wheat bread diet.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.809-813
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• 2010

Bartter syndrome (BS) is an autosomal recessively inherited rare renal tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism with normal to low blood pressure due to a renal loss of sodium. Genetically, BS is classified into 5 subtypes according to the underlying genetic defects, and BS is clinically categorized into antenatal BS and classical BS according to onset age. BS type I is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the $SLC12A1$ gene and usually manifests as antenatal BS. This report concerns a male patient with compound heterozygous missense mutations on $SLC12A1$ (p.C436Y and p.L560P) and atypical clinical and laboratory features. The patient had low urinary sodium and chloride levels without definite metabolic alkalosis until the age of 32 months, which led to confusion between BS and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). In addition, the clinical onset of the patient was far beyond the neonatal period. Genetic study eventually led to the diagnosis of BS type I. The low urinary sodium and chloride concentrations may be caused by secondary NDI, and the later onset may suggest the existence of a genotype-phenotype correlation. In summary, BS type I may have phenotype variability including low urine sodium and chloride levels and later onset. A definitive diagnosis can be confirmed by genetic testing.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1974

This study was carried out to investigate the acute changes in R-A-A system following lasix administration, and to evaluate the materials in plasma R-A-A system and electrolytic excretion every 30 minutes for 2 hours after lasix administration with normal high sodium Korean food, moderate sodium restriction, and severe sodium restriction, and it was concluded as followed; 1. Plasma renin activity, angiotensin II concentration, and aldosterone concentration elevated in course of time after lasix administration with high sodium Korean food, but the R-A-A system takes insignificant part because of the increasing rate was so slight. 2. Although the increasing rate of plasma renin activity reached lower levels, angiotensin II and aldosterone concentration were significantly increased after lasix administration with moderate sodium restriction. 3. It was observed that higher rise in aldosterone concentration following lasix administration during severe sodium restriction than when moderate sodium restriction. 4. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion during two hours after lasix administration showed decrease as little as the amount of sodium intake, but K/Na excretion ratio showed increase with small amount of sodium intake because of the decreasing rate of potassium was low value. 5. Sodium excretion after lasix administration reached more than 1.5 times of sodium intake, even though R-A-A reaction showed significantly. 6. As our results showed, R-A-A reaction following acute diuresis was insignificant with high sodium Intake, the increasing ratio of aldosterone concentration showed high rise compare with of plasma renin activity as little as the amount of sodium intake, and the participated rate in sodium reabsorption of R-A-A system was increased.