• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.181-184
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• 2012

Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is a commonly performed diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux with urinary tract infection or congenital renal diseases in children. The procedure is relatively simple and cost-effective, and complications are very rare. The iatrogenic complication of VCUG range from discomfort, urinary tract infection to bacteremia, as well as bladder rupture. Bladder rupture is a rare complication of VCUG, and only a few cases were reported. Bladder rupture among healthy children during VCUG is an especially uncommon event. Bladder rupture associated with VCUG is usually more common in chronically unused bladders like chronic renal failure. Presented is a case of bladder rupture that occurred during a VCUG in a healthy 9-month-old infant, due to instilled action of dye by high pressure. This injury completely healed after 7 days of operation, and it was confirmed with a postoperative cystography. The patient's bladder volume, underlying disease, velocity of the contrast media instilled, catheter size, and styles of instillation are important factors to prevent bladder rupture during VCUG. Management of bladder rupture should be individualized, but the majority of infants are treated with the operation. In conclusion, bladder rupture is a rare complication, however, delicate attention is needed in order to prevent more dire situations.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.62.1-62.7
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• 2023

This case report describes the hematological and radiological examination of urinary bladder rupture and complete urethral obstruction. associated with urolithiasis in Hanwoo. Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, azotemia, and hyperglycemia were observed in both urethral obstruction and urinary bladder rupture. However, cattle with urethral obstruction showed hyperkalemia and mild hyperglycemia, whereas cattle with bladder rupture showed marked hyperglycemia and normal potassium levels. In ultrasonography, the urethral obstruction showed a dilated bladder with a thick bladder wall. In contrast to previous literature, in this study, severe electrolyte changes such as severe hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hyperkalemia occurred in a case of complete urethral obstruction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.305-309
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• 2021

A 13-day-old Thoroughbred female foal weighing 59 kg was referred to the Jeju National University Equine Hospital with clinical signs including depression, labored breathing, tachycardia, anorexia, and marked distended abdomen. Uroperitoneum secondary to a rupture of the urinary bladder was diagnosed based on the history, clinical signs, and ultrasound imaging. An emergency laparotomy for cystorrhaphy under inhalation anesthesia was performed, and the patient recovered uneventfully. A course of extensive supportive therapy with systemic antibiotics after surgery was carried out. The foal fully recovered and was discharged after 14 days of hospitalization. The follow-up after seven months revealed the patient to be clinically healthy. This report describes a case of uroperitoneum secondary to the rupture of the urinary bladder in a Thoroughbred foal, along with the clinical outcomes of surgical repair and intensive treatment in detail.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.97-100
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• 1997

Rupture or contrast extravasation of urinary bladder after voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) was a very rare complication which occurred in neurogenic or unused bladder. Only one case of bladder extravasation was reported in a girl with normal bladder function. Case: A 18 month-old boy presented with recurrent E. Coli urinary tract infection and was evaluated with isotope VCUG, which was failed to catheter insertion. Two days later, isotope VCUG was repeated with difficult catheter insertion. Two hours after isotope VCUG, gross hematuria and anuria developed, and abdominal distension was followed. Bladder rupture was diagnosed by abdominal sonography and computerized tomography. He was treated with simple closure and suprapubic catheter drainage.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.459-464
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• 2001

Excretory urography is a procedure where opacification of the kidneys, renal pelvic diverticula, ureters, and urinary bladder is a result of renal excretion of an intravenously administered iodinated contrast agent providing both anatomical and functional assessment. And ultrasonography is a non-invasive modality to evaluate the important anatomic information concerning the size, shape, and internal architecture of kidney even in the presence of impaired renal function or abdominal fluid. We describe four dogs with urological signs diagnosed with excretory urography and ultrasonography. Parients showed a variety of clinical signs including vomiting, hematuria, anorexia, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension. The hydronephrosis was diagnosed in case 1, 2, and 3 that had pelvic dilation, dilation of pelvic recesses, ureteral dilation. In case 3, proximal ureteral rupture was diagnosed with evidence of contrast media leakage was seen in proximal ureter. In case 4, the rupture of urinary bladder was diagnosed with leakage of contrast media through its ventral portion.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.191-194
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• 2016

Pseudo-renal failure presents with renal failure characteristics, such as hypercreatininemia and hyperkalemia without a change in glomerular filtration rate or structure of the kidney. Pseudo-renal failure due to trauma is difficult to diagnose, because symptoms are non-specific and other factors may cause hypercreatininemia and hyperkalemia. In a trauma patient, especially one with pelvic injury, the abrupt elevation of potassium, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels without previous medical history is a key feature in the diagnosis of urinary ascites. We report a case of pseudo-renal failure caused by intraperitoneal bladder rupture in a multiple trauma patient.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.238-242
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• 2000

A six-year old bitch pregnant with prolonged gestation over about one month was ovariohysterectomied. The bitch was proved to be normal by physical and biochemical examination and had not a purulent vaginal discharge. A large firm mass was palpated in left caudoventral abdomen. Radiography identified the mass as a fetus. The abdominal ultrasono-graphy identified the fetus was dead. Caesarian section through the median raphe over linea alba was attempted. Adhensions were found between the uterus, stomach, spleen, urinary bladder, and abdominal viscera. Two fragments of bone were found in the abdominal cavity because of rupture of left uterine horn. Radiography and ultrasonography were proved to be of use to diagnose prolonged fetal mummification. Ovario-hysterectomy was considered to be choice of treatment to remove the prolonged mummified fetus.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2007

Purpose : Voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) is a commonly performed diagnostic procedure in children with urinary tract infections. Recently, with the widespread use of prenatal ultrasonography, VCUG is performed as part of the postnatal radiological evaluation of asymptomatic infants with prenatally detected hydronephrosis. The procedure is relatively simple but it involves discomfort and some complications. We studied post procedural symptoms and complications in children who underwent VCUG. Methods : This study reviewed 259 patients who underwent VCUG in our hospital between October 2005 and September 2006. We did a chart review and a telephone interview with the patients' parents about symptoms and complications associated with VCUG. Results : Among 269 children, 217 patients(80.7%) were under 2 years of age and 5 patients (1.9%) were over 8 years of age. Their mean age was $13.1{\pm}22.9$ months. After VCUG, dysuria was found in 49 patients presented with dysuria, and irritability in 36 patients with irritability. Other complications were hematuria, fever, frequency, bladder rupture and urinary tract infection. Mean symptoms duration was $1.4{\pm}0.7$ days. There was no significant relationship between prophylactic antibiotics use and complication rate associated with VCUG. Conclusion : Our study demonstrated that 32.7% of patients showed complications including bladder rupture and urinary tract infection after VCUG. We also found that prophylactic antibiotics use did not prevent urinary tract infection nor decrease the rate of complications associated with VCUG. Therefore, we suggest that the procedure must be done carefully and aseptically, and we should closely observe the children who undergo VCUG for development of possible complications.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2016

A 1.86 kg, 3-year-old, female, Maltese was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University after being hit by a car. The patient was diagnosed with urinary bladder rupture, diaphragmatic hernia and fracture of ilium, tibia and fibula. Repair surgery was performed after stabilizing treatment. During the surgery, hypoxia was identified and it worsened after positive pressure ventilation (partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood ($PaO_2$): 52 mmHg, pulse oximetry ($SpO_2$): 87%, arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$): 85.8%). In addition to hypoxia, blood pressure decreased to 30 mmHg. Positive pressure ventilation was discontinued because hypoxia and hypotension were aggravated. After suturing the diaphragm, air was withdrawn to form negative pressure within the thorax. However, negative pressure was not attained despite continuous withdrawal of air. A thoracostomy tube was placed because tension pneumothorax was strongly suspected. The patient recovered through close monitoring with the tube for 3 days. Due to limitation of evaluation of the lung, predicting occurrence of tension pneumothorax is difficult in patient of diaphragmatic hernia. Therefore, it is recommended that indicators of tension pneumothorax should be closely monitored during diagnosis and repair procedures of diaphragmatic hernia.